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Staff Report
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Report To: Planning and Development Committee
Date of Meeting: January 17, 2022 Report Number: PDS-001-22
Submitted By: Ryan Windle, Director of Planning and Development Services Andrew C.
Reviewed By: Allison, CAO
File Number:
By-law Number: PLN 23.29
Resolution#: PD-004-22, C-022-22
Report Subject: 5-year Corporate Electric Vehicle Action Plan
Recommendations:
1. That Report PDS-001-22 be received for information;
2. That Council endorse the Electric Vehicle Action Plan (EVAP) to guide the electrification
of the Municipal fleet and the installation of public EV charge stations on Municipal
properties (Attachment 1);
3. That Municipal staff consult the EVAP to inform annual budget recommendations
related to the electrification of the municipal fleet and the installation of public electric
vehicle (EV) charge stations on municipal properties;
4. That Council authorize staff to apply for funding opportunities to support the
implementation of the EVAP, where/when identified; and
5. That all interested parties listed in Report PDS-001-22 and any delegations be advised
of Council's decision.
Municipality of Clarington
Report PDS-001-22
Report Overview
Page 2
This report provides an overview of the Clarington Electric Vehicle Action Plan (EVAP). The
EVAP is a guide to transition the municipal fleet to zero -emissions electric vehicles (EV) and
install fleet and public EV charging stations at municipal facilities between 2022 and 2026.
The EVAP sets out the Municipality's annual EV purchases and infrastructure needs and
makes recommendations for the timing and location of public EV charging stations to be
included in the annual budget cycle.
By following the steps outlined by the EVAP the Municipality will transition 25 fleet vehicles
to electric and install at least 60 EV charge points on municipal properties for public and fleet
charging.
Fleet vehicles are responsible for 13.8 per cent of Municipal greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions. Transportation is responsible for approximately 47 percent of region -wide
emissions. By implementing the EVAP, the Municipality will take significant steps to respond
to climate change by directly reducing GHG emissions associated with corporate
transportation; provide infrastructure to meet the community's need for public EV charging;
and improve community wellbeing by promoting transportation options that reduce air and
noise pollution.
1. Background
1.1 The Municipality's 2018 corporate GHG emissions inventory shows that municipal fleet
vehicles are responsible for 13.8 per cent of Clarington's corporate GHG emissions.
The 2019 Durham Community Energy Plan (DCEP) shows that the transportation sector
is responsible for 47 per cent of region wide GHG emissions.
1.2 In November 2019, Clarington Council endorsed the DCEP though resolution
#GG-551-19, which establishes a community energy reduction target of 80% by 2050
and the Low Carbon Pathway scenario as the preferred energy scenario for
implementation, which includes a community -wide transition to electric vehicles (EVs).
1.3 In March 2020, the Municipality set targets to reduce corporate GHG emissions 35 per
cent by 2030 from 2018 levels and achieve net -zero emissions by 2050.
1.4 On March 2, 2020, Council passed resolution #C-066-20: "That it be policy for all future
car and SUV purchases be electric vehicles or similar vehicles without tailpipe
emissions where practicable."
1.5 In December 2020, Trent University completed a report as part of Communications and
Critical Thinking Capstone course, which identifies best practices for the Municipality to
reduce corporate GHG emissions thought the adoption of EVs.
Municipality of Clarington Page 3
Report PDS-001-22
1.6 Action 1.30 of the Clarington Corporate Climate Action Plan (CCCAP), which was
approved by Council in March 2021, recommends updating the Municipal Fleet Strategy
and establishing a five-year plan to electrify the Municipal fleet, where practicable.
1.7 Based on direction from Council outlined above, the EVAP was created to guide the
Municipality's transition to EVs over the next five years (2022 to 2026). The EVAP is
provided in Attachment 1.
1.8 The EVAP sets out the Municipality's annual EV purchases and infrastructure needs
and makes recommendations for the timing and location of public EV charging stations.
1.9 By transitioning the municipal fleet from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEs) to
EVs and by helping the public to also make the switch to EVs, the Municipality is taking
important steps to reduce both corporate and community GHG emissions and respond
to climate change.
2. Rationale for Switching to Electric Vehicles
Environmental Benefits
2.1 GHG emissions from vehicles (tailpipe emissions) are some of the easiest emissions to
pinpoint and eliminate, as they come from a single source and can be easily quantified.
2.2 Unlike internal combustion engines (ICEs), which burn fossil fuels and emit GHGs
during operation, EVs rely on the electricity grid for their energy. EVs are as `clean' as
the electricity grid used to power them. Most of Ontario's electricity is produced from low
or no carbon sources, including nuclear, hydro, and renewable energy sources, with
some backup power coming from natural gas `pecker plants', which compensate for
spikes in energy demand.
2.3 A transition to EVs will result in reduced GHG emissions and air pollutants, and
significantly contribute to achieving the Municipality's net -zero emissions target.
Community Benefits
2.4 The EVAP includes options for installing public EV charge stations in strategic locations
on Municipal properties to support the public to transition to EVs.
2.5 By installing publicly accessible chargers, the Municipality is providing the community
with needed EV charging infrastructure and actively promoting the reduction of
community GHG emissions that contribute to climate change.
2.6 A community -wide transition to EVs will benefit the community in several ways:
Reduced noise pollution in urban neighbourhoods.
Improved air quality (EVs do not emit carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides or volatile
organic compounds).
Municipality of Clarington Page 4
Report PDS-001-22
• Reduced GHG emissions (most notably carbon dioxide and methane).
• The simplicity of an electric motor and the reduced number of moving parts in an
electric car means that EVs have been found to be more reliable and require less
regular maintenance than ICEs.
• Lower maintenance costs are coupled with cheaper fuel prices to bring a lower
total cost of ownership.
• EV fueling costs from municipal charging stations will remain predictable and
relatively unchanging over the coming years.
• Gasoline and diesel prices are anticipated to rise with the federal carbon tax, EV
drivers can expect to benefit from low fuel costs relative to petroleum -based
alternatives.
Current Trends
2.7 The switch to EVs is already underway. In June 2021, the Federal government set a
target for all passenger vehicles sold in Canada to be electric by 2035.
2.8 All major auto manufactures have publicly committed to continuing the transition to EVs,
and now have models of EVs available, many of which are less expensive to operate
and maintain than ICE vehicles.
Alignment with the Region of Durham
2.9 Clarington's direction to switch its fleet to EVs and develop EV charging infrastructure is
supported by the Durham Community Energy Plan (DCEP), which was endorsed by
Clarington Council on November 25, 2019, through Resolution #GG-551-19.The DCEP
sets a goal to support the transition of the transportation sector in Durham to electric.
2.10 Clarington has already collaborated with the Region of Durham, Ajax, Whitby, and
Oshawa on two applications to the federal Zero Emissions Vehicle Infrastructure
Program (ZEVIP) for funding to install EV charging infrastructure across the region.
Both applications have been funded. (More information in Sections 3.6 to 3.9 below).
EV Support in Ontario
2.11 As referenced in the Made -in -Ontario Environment Plan, the Provincial Government has
signaled its support for an EV transition by investing $295 million into the Ford Oakville
Assembly Complex. The investment will transform the automobile manufacturing facility
into a battery electric vehicle production facility.
2.12 On November 17, 2021, the provincial government announced that it will work with the
auto industry to prioritize EVs in Ontario by: 1) supporting vehicle and parts production
for EVs; 2) establishing and supporting an electric battery supply chain ecosystem; 3)
innovating on EV development; and 4) investing in auto workers.
Municipality of Clarington Page 5
Report PDS-001-22
2.13 Investment in domestic EV production is a positive indicator that the provincial
government has confidence in the growing EV market.
Direction of the Federal government
2.14 On June 29, 2021, the Federal government announced a plan to ban the sale of new
ICEs by 2035, accelerating their previously released timeline of 100 percent EV sales
by 2040 by five years.
2.15 This mandatory target is part of the federal government's plan for nationwide carbon
neutrality by 2050 and is supported by a series of policies and incentives to help
consumers, manufacturers and governments prepare for the transition.
2.16 To spur demand from consumers, the federal government has committed $587 million
to the popular federal EV rebate program, which offers those who buy zero -emissions
vehicles up to $5,000 in purchasing rebates.
2.17 The Federal government has committed $460 million to build EV charging infrastructure
across the country. The ZEVIP will distribute $240 million of the total committed funds to
subsidizing EV charge station purchase and installation costs.
3. Cost Considerations
Shifting Vehicle Lifecycle Costs
3.1 Transitioning to an EV fleet requires a reconceptualization of municipal vehicle budgets.
Currently, electric vehicles have higher Manufacturer Suggested Retail Prices (MSRP)
than similar ICE models. Despite their higher MSRPs, EVs offer lower fuel and
maintenance costs over the lifespan of the vehicle.
3.2 While maintenance costs between ICEs and EVs vary significantly depending on
vehicle make, model, drive cycle and other factors, research shows that EVs have
substantially lower maintenance and fuel costs. EVs contain fewer moving parts and
have fewer fluids to change than ICE vehicles.
3.3 The Ontario Ministry of Transportation estimates that, for a car driven 20,000 km/year,
the average yearly fueling cost for EVs is approximately $530; a similar size ICE would
cost $2,500. The estimates assume overnight (off-peak) charging and a gasoline price
of $1.20/L (2020).
3.4 Most municipal vehicles in Clarington are replaced within 7 years, before they require
serious or ongoing repairs. EVs offer savings on routine maintenance costs as the
electric motor and drive train do not need regular servicing (such as the oil changes and
engine maintenance required by ICEs). The relative simplicity of EVs compared to ICE
vehicles reduce the risk of unexpected malfunctions.
3.5 A 2021 report by the Clean Air Partnership that compares EV and ICE vehicles in fleet
applications in London, Ontario and the Fraser Valley Regional District found that
Municipality of Clarington
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switching fleet vehicles to EVs saved more than $3,000 per vehicle in fuel and
maintenance costs (based on average 13,000km/year and service life of 7 years).
3.6 A 2018 report from the 2 Degree Institute estimates that combined fuel and
maintenance costs are 66 per cent less per year for EVs than similar ICE vehicles in
Ontario. Taking into consideration upfront purchase cost, fuel, and maintenance, EVs
cost on average $27,000 less than ICEs over a 15-year life of life of the vehicle
(250,000km)
3.7 With current government incentives, carbon taxes, declining EVs prices, and increasing
petroleum fuel prices it is likely that EVs will continue to outperform ICEs on total cost of
ownership as fleet vehicles in Clarington.
3.8 As such, departmental budgets will need to account for a higher upfront purchase price
for EVs with the understanding the Municipality will likely save money over the 7-year
replacement life of the vehicle. Please see Appendix C of the EVAP (Attachment 1) for
more information about these figures.
EV and Charge Station Purchasing Incentives
3.9 To encourage electric vehicle purchases, the Government of Canada has launched the
Incentives for Zero Emissions Vehicles Program (iZEV), which offers rebates of up to
$5,000 on the purchase of new electric vehicles.
3.10 The federal government has also made funding available to assist with the proliferation
of EV charging infrastructure through the Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program
(ZEVIP). The ZEVIP program has committed $280 million in funding until 2024 to
subsidize up to 50 per cent of the costs associated with installing charging
infrastructure.
3.11 Clarington has already benefited from federal ZEVIP funding.
3.11.1. In Fall 2019, Clarington received approximately $21,400 from NRCan,
subsidizing the cost of five public charge points in downtown Bowmanville.
3.11.2. In the Spring of 2020, Clarington received approval for $82,000 from NRCan to
subsidize the installation of 18 charge points across the Municipality ($4,554
per charge point).
3.12 Guided by the EVAP, staff will continue to take advantage of external funding
opportunities for EVs and EV charging stations.
4. Other Considerations
Emergency Vehicle Exemptions
4.1 Emergency and Fire Services staff expressed concerns regarding EV performance
during emergency situations. Specifically, staff brought forward concerns regarding
Municipality of Clarington
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Page 7
towing capacity, battery life and vehicle range during prolonged vehicle use in cold
weather.
4.2 Electric pickup trucks have only recently come to market. As such, there has not been a
significant amount of time to assess their performance in real -world emergency
situations.
4.3 To ensure the proven reliability of vehicles during extended emergency situations,
Emergency and Fire Services vehicles designated as an emergency vehicle by the Fire
Chief are exempted from the EVAP. Fire prevention vehicles must comply with
Council's EV policy.
4.4 The EVAP recommends that Emergency and Fire Services prioritize vehicles with high
energy efficiency and low carbon emissions when selecting vehicles moving forward.
4.5 The use of EVs in Emergency and Fire operations will be revisited as more information
about the use of EVs in emergency situations becomes available.
Expanding EV Options and Technology
4.6 The EVAP includes only light -duty cars, vans, and pickup trucks up to one half -ton
(equivalent to a Ford F-150). The EV options coming to market in 2022 and beyond are
expanding, providing more options for the Municipality when purchasing vehicles. This
is especially relevant for truck and van replacements.
4.7 The EVAP will be reviewed annually to evaluate expanding EV availability to assess
potential EV options for light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles as they become
available.
4.8 Moving forward, staff will consider the practicality of less conventional EVs such as ice
resurfacers, fire trucks, e-mobility scooters, e-bikes, and other ZEV options as they
become available.
4.9 Currently the average range of EVs is already around 400 kilometres per charge, the
range will continue to increase as battery technology continues to improve. This will
provide more flexibility, some vehicles could likely go several days without charging if
the need arose.
4.10 Staff will monitor the real -word performance and repair costs of EV fleet vehicles and
municipally owned EV charge stations on an ongoing basis to inform ongoing decisions
related to the municipality's transition to EVs.
5. EVAP Methodology
EV Inventory
5.1 The EVAP is a plan to transition the Municipality's existing fleet from ICEs and EVs as
vehicles reach the end their service life.
Municipality of Clarington
Report PDS-001-22
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5.2 To create the EVAP the Municipal Interdepartmental Climate Change Working Group
(ICCWG) convened to set the objectives of the plan and establish milestone dates. The
ICCWG has been updated monthly throughout the creation of the plan to guide the
development of the plan and review its content.
5.3 To begin, staff created a list of key stakeholders from all departments with direct
knowledge of future vehicle acquisitions. Identified stakeholders submitted a list of all
anticipated new and replacement vehicle purchases between 2021 — 2026.
5.4 This list was analyzed, and all light -duty vehicles with suitable EV replacement options
(cars, SUVs, transport vans, and light -duty trucks) were counted to create an
anticipated 5-year EV inventory.
5.5 Once the number of EVs expected to be purchased over the next five years was
established, it was used to determine how many charge points would need to be
installed each year to ensure sufficient charging capacity to accommodate yearly EV
purchases.
5.6 As a precautionary measure, and to leverage available federal funding, the installation
of EV charge stations over the next five years was prioritized for installation early in the
2022-2026 period, with most of the fleet charging locations scheduled to be installed in
the next three years.
5.7 Once the EVAP was drafted and reviewed by the ICCWG, it was circulated more
broadly to department heads for internal feedback. Several one-on-one meetings were
held with key representatives from Community Services, Emergency and Fire Services
and Public Works to address the specific challenges or circumstances and these were
incorporated into the plan.
EV Charger Site Selection
5.8 The EVAP focuses on retrofitting existing buildings and parking lots to install the
charging capacity needed by fleet and public vehicles. It is expected that all new
municipal buildings will integrate public and fleet EV charging into their designs, taking
into consideration the site selection criteria outlined below
5.9 A list of potential sites was compiled from all municipal properties, including buildings
and parking lots. This list was assessed and refined by Community Services facilities
staff and Public Works staff to eliminate locations that were deemed unsuitable for
infrastructure installation.
5.10 Five criteria were used to measure the suitability of locations for fleet EV charger
installation. Suitability criteria include:
• Near municipal offices or depots
• Near where staff are working
• There are enough parking spaces for staff personal vehicles and fleet vehicles
• There is enough space for an adequate grouping of EV chargers (4-8 stations)
Municipality of Clarington Page 9
Report PDS-001-22
• There is a transformer or electrical panel with sufficient capacity to
accommodate the EV chargers
5.11 Five criteria were used to measure the suitability of locations for public EV charger
installation. Suitability criteria include:
• Significant traffic at the site
• Potential to attract users
• The area is currently underserved by charging stations
• There is enough space for an adequate grouping of EV chargers (4-8 stations)
• There is a transformer or electrical panel with sufficient capacity to
accommodate the EV chargers
5.12 For each list, locations scoring a `Medium' or `High' were prioritized for charge station
installation within the next five years. Eight public charging locations and nine fleet
charging locations were identified for development between 2021 — 2026.
5.13 Locations that can accommodate large banks of stations and locations where many
fleet EVs can conveniently be parked and charged have been prioritized for early
installations.
Figure 1 — Proposed Fleet EV Charge Stations
Municipality of Clarington Page 10
Report PDS-001-22
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Figure 2 — Proposed Public EV Charge Stations
6. Yearly EV and EV Charge Station Breakdown
6.1 The EVAP contains a yearly breakdown of the costs associated with the purchase of
new fleet EVs and the purchase and installation of fleet and public EV charge stations.
6.2 The EV and EV charge station cost summaries outlined below are subject to change, as
departments and Council may shift priorities regarding the purchases or as external
funding opportunities become available.
6.3 Vehicle purchasing years are subject to change, as departments may opt to delay or
expedite new vehicle purchases as approved during budget review by Council.
Municipality of Clarington
Report PDS-001-22
EV Purchases by Year
Page 11
6.4 As the Municipality's fleet vehicles reach the end of their service life, they will be
replaced with zero emission EVs between 2022 and 2026.
New EVs/Hybrids
Estimates upfront EV
Potential Savings to the
Year
purchased
costs by year.
Municipality over the lifespan (7
years or 91,000 km)
oil
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Table 1 — Fleet EV Purchases by Year and Saving on Fuel and Maintenance over the
lifespan of EVs
6.5 Please see Appendix B of the EVAP for a detailed breakdown of the EV purchasing
costs.
6.6 Staff will seek all available subsidies at the time that vehicles are purchased.
Municipal Fleet EV Charge Station installations by Year
6.7 EV charge stations for fleet vehicles will be installed ahead of vehicle purchases.
Charge
Total
Estimated
-.
-. Cost to
P2021
InstalledPoints
Cost
Contributions
Clarington 4
9
$95,525.00
$40,724.44
$54,800.56
2022
8
$93,550.00
$40,000.00
$53,550.00
2023
6
$66,162.50
$30,000.00
$36,162.50
2024
0
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
2025
2
$24,137.50
$10, 000.00
$14,137.50
2026
0
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
Total
27
$279,375.00
$120,724.44
$158,650.56
Table 2 — Fleet EV Charge Station Installations by Year
Municipality of Clarington Page 12
Report PDS-001-22
6.8 Please see Appendix A of the EVAP (Attachment 1) for a detailed breakdown of the
Fleet EV charge station purchase and installation cost by year.
Public EV Charge Points Installed
Charge
Total
Potential
Installe_d
Estimated
Co -LA,
ZEVIP Grant
Contribution
Cost
EstimatedPoints
to ..
2021
4
$52,025.00
$17,120.00
$34,905.00
2022
6
$89,912.50
$10,000.00
$79,912.50
2023
8
$120,222.50
$40,000.00
$80,222.50
2024
8
$104,050.00
$40,000.00
$64,050.00
2025
2
$24,137.50
$10,000.00
$14,137.50
2026
10
$118,187.50
$50,000.00
$68,187.50
Total
38
$508,535.00
$167,120.00
$341,415.00
Table 3 — Public EV Charge Station Installations by Year
6.9 Please see Appendix A of the EVAP for a detailed breakdown of the public EV charge
station purchase and installation cost by year.
7. Conclusion
7.1 To achieve the Municipality's GHG emissions reduction targets, the Municipality must
transition its fleet to low carbon options.
7.2 With broader community adoption of EVs already underway, the Municipality should
also act to ensure community EV charging infrastructure is available.
7.3 The EVAP is a guide for the Municipality to electrify its fleet and provide much -needed
public EV charging infrastructure at Municipal facilities between 2022 and 2026.
7.4 Under this plan, the Municipality over the next 5 years is proposing to acquire over 25
electric vehicles to replace ICE vehicles and install more than 60 EV charging spaces,
to meet fleet and community EV charging needs at municipal facilities.
7.5 By implementing this plan, the Municipality is taking significant steps to respond to
climate change by directly reducing GHG emissions associated with transportation,
providing needed infrastructure to meet the community's needs for EV charging,
promoting community wellbeing and transportation options that reduce air and noise
pollution.
Municipality of Clarington Page 13
Report PDS-001-22
7.6 Municipal staff will consult the EVAP during its annual budget cycle to guide the
electrification of the municipal fleet and the installation of public EV charge stations on
municipal properties.
8. Concurrence
8.1 This report has been reviewed by the Director of Community Services, the Director of
Financial Services, the Director of Public Works and the Director of Emergency and Fire
Services, who concur with the recommendations of this report.
9. Recommendations
9.1 The Electric Vehicle Action Plan (EVAP) be endorsed to guide the electrification of the
Municipal fleet and the installation of public EV charge stations on municipal properties
(Attachment 1);
9.2 The EVAP will be used by Staff to inform annual budget recommendations related to the
electrification of the municipal fleet and the installation of public electric vehicle (EV)
charge stations on municipal properties;
9.3 Staff will continue to seek out and apply for funding to support the implementation of the
EVAP.
Staff Contact: Doran Hoge, Energy and Climate Change Response Coordinator,
905-623-3379 ext. 2429 or dhoge(a)clarington.net.
Attachments:
Attachment 1 — Clarington Electric Vehicle Action Plan
Interested Parties:
List of Interested Parties available from Department.
Clarington
Attachment 1 to Report
PDS-001-22
Clarington's Five -Year Electric Vehicle Action Plan
(EVAP)
Introduction.................................................................................................................. 4
Objectives.................................................................................................................... 4
AboutEVs and EV Charging........................................................................................ 5
Electric Vehicle Basics.............................................................................................. 5
EVCharging Stations............................................................................................... 6
Level 1 AC Chargers(120V)................................................................................. 6
Level 2 AC Chargers(240V)................................................................................. 6
DC Fast Chargers(480V)..................................................................................... 7
Networked vs. Non -Networked Stations............................................................... 7
Rationale for Switching to Electric................................................................................ 7
Direction from Council.............................................................................................. 7
Alignment with the Region of Durham...................................................................... 8
EVSupport in Ontario............................................................................................... 8
Direction from the Federal Government.................................................................... 8
EnvironmentalBenefits.............................................................................................9
CommunityBenefits.................................................................................................. 9
CostConsiderations................................................................................................... 10
Shifting Vehicle Lifecycle Costs.............................................................................. 10
PurchasingIncentives........................................................................................ 11
Charger Installation Costs...................................................................................... 12
FleetCharging Stations...................................................................................... 12
Public Charging Stations.................................................................................... 12
EV Charge Station Incentives............................................................................. 12
OtherConsiderations................................................................................................. 13
Emergency Vehicle Exemptions......................................................................... 13
Expanding Vehicle Options and Technology...................................................... 13
Plan Development Process........................................................................................ 14
Assumptions........................................................................................................... 14
Fleet Charging Infrastructure Assumptions........................................................ 14
Public Charging Infrastructure Assumptions....................................................... 15
Plan Creation Methodology.................................................................................... 16
Electric Vehicle Inventory Methodology.............................................................. 16
EV Charger Site Selection.................................................................................. 17
Page 2
EVAP Adaptability...................................................................................................
18
Yearly EV and Charge Station Breakdown................................................................
18
YearlyOverview......................................................................................................
19
EV Charge Station Locations..................................................................................
20
2021........................................................................................................................
21
VehicleCosts......................................................................................................
21
ChargerCosts....................................................................................................
21
Garnet B Rickard Recreation Complex - Fleet Chargers ....................................
22
Church and Division St Parking Lot - Public Chargers .......................................
23
2022........................................................................................................................
24
VehicleCosts......................................................................................................
24
ChargerCosts....................................................................................................
24
Community Resource Centre (Firehouse Youth Centre) - Fleet Chargers .........
25
Fire Station #1- Fleet Chargers..........................................................................
26
Courtice Community Complex - Public Chargers ...............................................
26
Orono Public Library - Public Chargers..............................................................
27
2023........................................................................................................................
27
VehicleCosts......................................................................................................
28
ChargerCosts....................................................................................................
28
Yard 42 - Fleet Chargers....................................................................................
29
Bowmanville Indoor Soccer Centre - Public Chargers ........................................
30
Shaw Building - Public Chargers........................................................................
32
2024........................................................................................................................
33
VehicleCosts......................................................................................................
33
ChargerCosts....................................................................................................
33
Alan Strike Aquatic and Squash Centre - Public Chargers .................................
34
South Courtice Arena - Public Chargers.............................................................
35
2025........................................................................................................................
36
VehicleCosts......................................................................................................
36
ChargerCosts....................................................................................................
36
Yard 42 (Expansion) - Fleet Chargers................................................................
37
Garnet B Rickard - Public Chargers...................................................................
38
2026........................................................................................................................
39
VehicleCosts......................................................................................................
39
ChargerCosts....................................................................................................
39
Darlington Sport Centre - Public Chargers.........................................................
40
Municipal Administrative Centre (MAC) - Public Chargers .................................
41
Page 3
Conclusion................................................................................................................. 42
Bibliography............................................................................................................... 43
Appendix A — EV Charger Installation Costs.............................................................. 46
Summary of EV Charger Installation by Year.........................................................46
2021................................................................................................................... 47
2022................................................................................................................... 49
2023................................................................................................................... 51
2024................................................................................................................... 53
2025................................................................................................................... 54
2026................................................................................................................... 56
Appendix B — Projected EV purchases by Year ......................................................... 57
Summary EV Purchases by Year........................................................................... 57
2021................................................................................................................... 57
2022................................................................................................................... 57
2023................................................................................................................... 58
2024................................................................................................................... 58
2025................................................................................................................... 58
2026................................................................................................................... 58
Appendix C — EV Ownership Costs........................................................................... 59
Page 4
Introduction
In March 2020, the Municipality of Clarington set targets to reduce corporate
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 35 per cent by 2030 from 2018 levels and achieve
net -zero emissions by 2050. The 2018 corporate GHG emissions inventory shows that
municipal fleet vehicles are responsible for 13.8 per cent of municipal GHG emissions.
Similarly, the 2015 Durham Community Energy Plan shows that the transportation
sector is responsible for 47 per cent of region -wide emissions. By transitioning
Municipality's fleet from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEs) to electric vehicles
(EV)s and by helping the public to also make the switch, the Municipality is taking an
important step to reduce carbon emissions and respond to climate change.
The switch to EVs is already underway. In June 2021, the Federal government set a
target for all passenger vehicles sold in Canada to be electric by 2035. All major auto
manufactures now have models of EVs available, many of which are less expensive to
operate and maintain than ICE vehicles. More models of EVs, including transport vans
and pickup trucks are coming online in 2022.
This Electric Vehicle Action Plan (EVAP) was created to guide the Municipality's
corporate transition to EVs over the next five years (2022 to 2026). The EVAP maps out
the Municipality's annual EV purchases and infrastructure needs and makes
recommendations for the timing and ideal locations for EV charging stations. EVs offer
Clarington an opportunity to significantly reduce GHG emissions and fuel costs from the
municipal fleet while simultaneously encouraging community -wide uptake of EVs by
demonstrated leadership in adoption and investment in charging infrastructure.
The implementation of this plan will require interdepartmental coordination as the
Municipality adapts to a new vehicle type and fueling system. The public charging
aspect of this plan is intended to serve the long-term needs of the community on
Municipal properties.
There is a gap in public EV charging in Clarington that needs to be filled.
Objectives
On March 2, 2020, Council passed resolution #C-066-20: "That it be policy for all future
car and SUV purchases be electric vehicles or similar vehicles without tailpipe
emissions where practicable." This plan puts Clarington on a path to fulfill this
resolution. The objectives of this plan are: 1) to transition Clarington's municipal fleet to
EVs; 2) provide public EV charging on municipal properties to fill the current public EV
charge station service gap, and 3) reduce corporate GHG emissions as part of the
Municipality's efforts to achieve net -zero carbon emissions by 2050.
This plan will also satisfy action 1.30 of the Clarington Corporate Climate Action Plan, to
update the Municipal Green Fleet Strategy and establish a five-year plan to electrify
municipal fleet vehicles where practicable. This plan is intended to guide the transition
of the municipal fleet to include at least 25 low carbon electric hybrid vehicles (hybrids),
Page 5
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) over the next five
years.
In addition to transitioning the municipal fleet to electric, the installation of public EV
charging stations will demonstrate Clarington's commitment to serving the public. The
EVAP proposes 60 charging points to be installed across the Municipality by the end of
2026 to meet the needs of municipal fleet and public vehicles. The installation of public
EV stations will bridge the current service gap in Clarington and contribute to Ontario's
much -needed network of public EV charging stations. Figure 1 illustrates the current
gap in charging infrastructure in Clarington.
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Figure 1 - EV charging stations in Southern Durham Region, illustrating the service gap in Clarington
About EVs and EV Charging
Electric Vehicle Basics
Unlike traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, which rely on gasoline or
diesel fuel to power an engine to move, electric vehicles use an internal battery and
electric motor to operate. Because of this, there are no tailpipe emissions from electric
vehicles. By switching to EVs, electricity providers can reduce overall transportation
emissions by integrating renewable, low carbon energy sources into electrical grid, such
as wind, solar, hydroelectric, and nuclear. The below chart describes the main types of
light -duty zero and low emissions vehicles currently available.
. of Vehicle Description
-
Hybrid Vehicle A vehicle with a gasoline engine and electric motor,
both of which are used to power the car. These
models cannot be plugged in to charge and typically
rely on regenerative braking to charge the battery.
Plug -In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Like hybrids, PHEVs employ both a gasoline engine
(PHEV) and an electric motor. The main difference is PHEVs
use a wall plug to charge, have a larger battery, and
(therefore) can go further using only battery power,
using the gasoline engine as a backup.
Page 6
Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV)
A zero emissions vehicle is any vehicle that does
not directly produce emissions from operating (what
would be considered `tailpipe emissions' from the
above vehicle types). Most ZEVs use an electric
battery and motor, but hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
also fall into this category (given the lack of options
and available infrastructure, hydrogen vehicles have
not been considered as part of this plan).
Electric Vehicle (EV)
An electric vehicle is powered solely by a large
internal battery and electric motor. They can use
wall plugs to charge or use fast charging
infrastructure to replenish the battery faster. The
motors are much less complex than ICE's and a fully
electric car has a substantially farther range than a
PHEV does using solely it's battery. These are also
referred to as battery electric vehicles or BEVs.
Table 1 - Types of Electric Vehicles
EV Charging Stations
To fuel Clarington's electric vehicles, charging stations will need to be installed across
the Municipality at convenient locations, with enough grid capacity to accommodate
them. There are three kinds of EV chargers which the Municipality could install for fleet
and public use. Each has different infrastructure requirements and price points.
Level 1 AC Chargers (120V)
The slowest of the three charging options. Level 1 charging involves plugging the
electric vehicle into a standard 120-volt wall outlet and is a popular choice for overnight
charging at home as it does not require any additional infrastructure or electrical
capacity. The rate of charge or `Range Per Hour' (RPH) is 8km/h. Level 1 chargers are
best suited for vehicles that are driven less than 100 kilometres a day and can be left to
charge overnight. This entry-level charger usually operates on a standard 15 or 20-amp
circuit. Level 1 chargers do not come at an extra cost as the 120-volt outlet is a
household standard, and the charging cable is included with the EV.
Level 2 AC Chargers (240V)
Level 2 chargers are also common for overnight at-home charging of EVs and are
increasingly common in public parking lots where drivers stay for relatively long periods,
such as outside a mall or grocery store. Level 2 chargers are the most common type of
public or fleet charger. They require dedicated infrastructure and electrical capacity to
operate and are most useful for vehicles that will be plugged in for at least an hour. At
240 volts, Level 2 chargers deliver an RPH between 19 to 40 kilometers depending on
the model of charger and EV type. These chargers can range from 20 to 80 amps (32
amps being the most common). The installation costs for the infrastructure can range
from $2,500 to $15,000.
Page 7
DC Fast Chargers (480V)
Direct current fast chargers (often called Level 3 chargers) can deliver an RPH charge
of over 160k/h; some EVs can have their battery charged to 80 per cent in as little as 30
minutes. They are commonly installed along highways or long-distance routes where it
is expected an EV will need to recharge and time is a factor. It should be noted that not
all EVs are equipped with a DC fast -charging port, and some can only utilize Level 1
and 2 chargers. These chargers have the highest installation price point as they have
higher electrical requirements, and more electrical infrastructure is required as they can
operate anywhere from 60 to 800 amps. The typical installation price of a Level 3
charger is $75,000 and up.
Networked vs. Non -Networked Stations
Another consideration when installing EV infrastructure is whether to invest in
networked or non -networked chargers. The main benefit to non -networked stations is
the purchasing and servicing costs are lower than networked stations. Non -networked
stations do not feature an internet connection and therefore do not have the ability to
charge a user fee, committing those who install them to provide free charging.
By contrast, networked stations give the Municipality the capability to apply user fees (to
supplement maintenance and replacement costs) and track fleet fuel consumption by
car for accurate departmental billing. Networked stations are slightly more expensive to
purchase and require a fee to be paid to a service provider. Networked stations provide
powerful use -management tools that give the Municipality the ability to set charge and
idling fees, send reminders to users whose batteries are fully charged, restrict public
use of fleet chargers during specified periods, and collect data on usage trends.
After consideration of the above charge station capabilities and the most likely usage
patterns for fleet and public charging, the chargers which will be primarily used in
Clarington will be networked, Level 2 chargers. These chargers will allow fleet and
public usage to be tracked and billed appropriately while also monitoring wider usage
trends, which will inform future installation decisions. As fleet vehicles will sit idle
overnight, their battery will have time to fully recharge before they are needed the next
day. These chargers will be useful to residents visiting municipal buildings or public
parking lots for 30 minutes or more. According to research conducted by Trent
University, networked Level 2 chargers balance cost and reliability and are the
appropriate choice for Clarington.
Rationale for Switching to Electric
Direction from Council
On March 2, 2020, Council passed Resolution #C-066-20: "That it be policy for all future
car and SUV purchases be electric vehicles or similar vehicles without tailpipe
emissions where practicable."
On March 3, 2020, Clarington Council approved Resolution # GG-083-20, declaring a
climate emergency, stressing the need to act to respond to the threats that climate
change present to the Municipality.
On March 2, 2021, Council's direction to transition the municipal fleet to zero -emission
vehicles was further strengthened with the endorsement of the Clarington Corporate
Climate Action Plan (CCCAP). The CCCAP sets targets for the Municipality to reduce
corporate GHG emissions 35 per cent by 2030 and achieve net -zero emissions by 2050
from 2018 levels — a goal which is only possible with the adoption of EVs across the
fleet. Action 1.30 in the CCCAP calls for the creation of a green fleet strategy and a plan
to electrify the corporate fleet. More broadly, the CCCAP supports climate actions that
reduce corporate energy use and GHG emissions.
Alignment with the Region of Durham
Clarington's push to switch its fleet to EVs and develop EV charging infrastructure is
supported by the Durham Community Energy Plan (DCEP), which was endorsed by
Clarington Council on November 25, 2019, through Resolution #GG-551-19.The DCEP
sets a goal to support the transition of the transportation sector in Durham to electric.
Clarington has already collaborated with the Region of Durham, Ajax, Whitby, and
Oshawa, on two applications to the federal Zero Emissions Vehicle Infrastructure
Program (ZEVIP) for funding to install EV charging infrastructure across the region.
Both applications have been awarded.
EV Support in Ontario
As referenced in the Made -in -Ontario Environment Plan, the Provincial Government has
signaled its support for an EV transition by investing $295 million into the Ford Oakville
Assembly Complex. The investment will transform the automobile manufacturing facility
into a battery electric vehicle production facility.
On November 17, 2021, the provincial government announced that it will work with the
auto industry to prioritize EVs in Ontario by: 1) supporting vehicle and parts production
for electric vehicles; 2) establishing and supporting an electric battery supply chain
ecosystem; 3) innovating on EV development; and 4) investing in auto workers.
Investment in domestic electric vehicle production is a positive indicator that the
provincial government has confidence in the growing EV market.
Direction from the Federal Government
On June 29, 2021, the Federal Government announced a plan to ban the sale of light
duty ICEs by 2035, accelerating their previous target to have 100 per cent EV sales in
Canada by 2040. New interim targets are currently under development, though it is
expected that they will be more ambitious than the previous plan's goal of converting 10
per cent of all light -duty vehicle sales to ZEVs by 2025 and 30 per cent by 2030. This
mandatory target is part of the federal government's plan for nationwide carbon
neutrality by 2050 and is supported by a series of policies and incentives to help
consumers, manufacturers and governments prepare for the transition.
Page 9
To spur demand from consumers, the federal government has committed $587 million
to the popular federal EV rebate program, which offers those who buy zero -emissions
vehicles up to $5,000 in purchasing rebates. To ease the transition for the automotive
industry, tax cuts and strategic partnerships are being rolled out for affected businesses.
The Federal Government has also committed $460 million to build EV charging
infrastructure across the country. The Zero Emissions Vehicle Infrastructure program
(ZEVIP) (from which Clarington has already benefited) will distribute $240 million of the
total committed funds to subsidizing EV charge station purchase and installation costs.
With this plan in place, Clarington is in an ideal position to access for federal funding to
install EV stations for public and fleet use.
Environmental Benefits
GHG emissions from vehicles (tailpipe emissions) are some of the easiest emissions to
pinpoint and eliminate, as they come from a single source and can be easily quantified.
Unlike ICEs, which burn fossil fuels and emit GHGs during operation, EVs rely on the
electricity grid for their energy. As such, EVs are as `clean' as the electricity grid used to
power them. Most of Ontario's electricity is produced from low or no carbon sources,
including nuclear, hydro, and renewable energy sources; with some backup power
coming from natural gas `pecker plants,' which compensate for spikes in energy
demand. A transition to EVs will realize emissions reductions, reduce air pollutants, and
significantly contribute to achieving the Municipality's net -zero emissions target.
The public switch to EVs is already taking place. Current trends in vehicle purchases,
coupled with the federal government's pledge to ban the sale of ICEs by 2035, indicate
that public adoption of EVs will increase sharply in the coming years.
Auto manufactures are also pushing the switch to EVs. All major auto manufactures are
now selling EVs, with over 50 models of EVs for sale in 2022. All major auto
manufactures have publicly committed to continuing the transition to EVs.
The EVAP includes options for installing public EV charge stations in strategic locations
on municipal properties to support the public to transition to EVs. By installing publicly
accessible chargers, the Municipality is providing the community with needed EV
charging infrastructure and actively promoting the reduction of community GHG
emissions that contribute to climate change.
Community Benefits
Clarington residents face barriers to widespread EV adoption, including a lack of
charging infrastructure and a lack of trust in the reliability of EVs. Clarington can
address some of these concerns by educating the public about EV technology and
providing EV charging stations for the public to use. The visible presence of more
charging stations and EVs on Clarington's roads will also help to normalize the EVs as a
trusted option for consumers.
In a report completed by Trent University in 2020 for the Municipality of Clarington,
range anxiety was identified as one of the principal concerns cited by those considering
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an EV purchase, a city -led effort to build out local charging capacity will accelerate the
community adoption to EVs.
A community -wide transition to EVs will benefit the community in several ways: The
electric motors in EVs are much quieter than ICEs. Therefore, reducing the number of
ICE vehicles on Clarington roads will reduce noise pollution in urban neighbourhoods;
switching to EVs will reduce the number of vehicles emitting tailpipe emissions,
improving air quality across the Municipality; Reducing (and eventually eliminating)
tailpipe emissions will reduce greenhouse gases (most notably carbon dioxide and
methane) and local air pollutants (notably carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides and volatile
organic compounds).
Beyond air and noise pollution, electric vehicles will bring increased reliability and
decreased operating costs to owners. The simplicity of an electric motor and the
reduced number of moving parts in an electric car means that EVs have been found to
be more reliable and require less regular maintenance than ICEs. Lower maintenance
costs are coupled with cheaper fuel prices to bring a lower total cost of ownership after
the upfront purchase price is taken into consideration (Appendix C — Vehicle Cost of
Ownership).
The public EV stations proposed in the EVAP are intended to be revenue -neutral,
ensuring fueling costs for residents stay low. As maintenance and replacement costs for
the charging stations are well known, EV fueling costs from municipal charging stations
will remain predictable and relatively unchanging over the coming years. While gasoline
and diesel prices are anticipated to rise with the federal carbon tax, EV drivers can
expect to benefit from low fuel costs relative to petroleum -based alternatives.
Cost Considerations
Shifting Vehicle Lifecycle Costs
Transitioning to an EV fleet requires a reconceptualization of municipal vehicle budgets
Currently, electric vehicles have higher Manufacturer Suggested Retail Prices (MSRP)
than similar ICE models. Despite their higher MSRPs, EVs offer lower fuel and
maintenance costs over the lifespan of the vehicle.
While maintenance costs between ICEVs and EVs vary significantly depending on
vehicle make, model, drive cycle and other factors, research shows that EVs have
substantially lower maintenance and fuel costs. EVs contain fewer moving parts and
have fewer fluids to change than ICE vehicles.
The Ontario Ministry of Transportation estimates that, for a car driven 20,000 km/year,
the average yearly fueling cost for EVs is approximately $530; a similar size ICE would
cost $2,500. The estimates assume overnight (off-peak) charging and a gasoline price
of $1.20/L (2020).
A 2018 report from the 2 Degree Institute estimates that combined fuel and
maintenance costs are 66 per cent less per year for EVs than they are for similar ICEs
in Ontario. Taking into consideration upfront purchase cost, fuel, and maintenance, EVs
Page 11
cost on average $27,000 less than ICEs over a 15-year life of life of the vehicle
(250,000km)
Most municipal vehicles in Clarington are replaced within 7 years, before they require
serious or ongoing repairs. However, EVs offer savings on routine maintenance costs
as the electric motor and drive train do not need regular servicing (such as the oil
changes and engine maintenance required by ICEs). The relative simplicity of EVs
compared to ICE vehicles reduce the risk of unexpected malfunctions.
A 2001 report by the Clean Air Partnership, which compares EV and ICE vehicles in
fleet applications in London Ontario and The Frasier Valley Regional District, all -electric
EVs save more than $3,000 from reduced fuel and maintenance costs, compared to
ICE vehicles the current fleet vehicles (based on average 13,OOOkm/year and service
life of 7 years).
With current government incentives, current carbon tax, and reducing EVs prices, and
increasing petroleum fuel prices it is probable that EVs would outperform ICEVs on total
cost of ownership as fleet vehicles in Clarington.
As such, and departmental budgets will need to account for a higher upfront purchasing
cost for EVs with the understanding the Municipality will likely save money over the 7-
year replacement life of the vehicle. See Appendix C for more information about these
figures.
Purchasing Incentives
To encourage electric vehicle purchases, the Government of Canada has launched the
Incentives for Zero Emissions Vehicles Program (iZEV), which offers rebates of up to
$5,000 on the purchase of new electric vehicles. The federal government has
committed to the iZEV program through the 2022 fiscal year, but at this point, further
funding has not been announced.
Federal Electric Vehicle Incentives (July 2021)
.- :-
i-
Battery Electric Vehicle,
All zero -emissions vehicles or
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle,
$5,000
Plug-in hybrids with a battery
capacity greater than 15kWh,
or Long-range Plugin Hybrid
with a base model MSRP of
Electric Vehicle
$45,000 or less.
All Plug-in hybrid vehicles with
Short-range Plugin Hybrid
$2,500
a battery capacity lower than
Electric Vehicle
15kWh, with a base model
MSRP of $45,000 or less.
Table 2 - Federal Electric Vehicle Incentives (July 2021)
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Charger Installation Costs
To fuel the EV fleet and offer charging options to residents, Clarington must invest in EV
charging stations in advance of electric vehicle purchases. Many factors must be
considered when costing new charging stations, including site design, transformer and
panel upgrades, site preparation, EV station hardware, repair, and maintenance. A
detailed breakdown of anticipated costs by location can be found in Appendix A — EV
Charger Installation Costs.
Fleet Charging Stations
To provide predictability for staff, each fleet EV will be assigned a centrally located
parking/charging spot, where the vehicle will charge each night. The number and
location of charging stations has been mapped out as part of the EVAP process to
provide predictability and security to departments purchasing EVs. Each department will
continue to be responsible for budgeting for the purchase, maintenance, and fuel costs
for the vehicles their department uses. Appendix 8 outlines by year the location and
number of fleet stations to be installed, as well as the department(s) which will be using
them and therefore responsible for including them in their budgets.
Public Charging Stations
As a service to the community, public EV chargers will be installed at high -traffic
locations across the Municipality. Ideal public EV charge station locations were
identified based on a set of criteria based on research conducted for the Municipality
Trent University (outlined below). Appendix 8 identifies the location and number of
public charging stations to be installed by year. These stations are primarily intended to
be used by the public while they are accessing the nearby facilities, services, and
businesses. While these chargers are considered public, they may be utilized by
municipal fleet vehicles during the workday if needed. Fleet vehicles will be expected to
charge overnight at their designated charging space.
As public stations will be located at municipally owned recreation complexes, buildings
and parking lots, funding for public stations will be included in the Community Services
department yearly budget. Council should consider increases to Community Service
annual budget to accommodate the additional expenses associated with the installation
and maintenance of community EV charging stations as a service to the community.
Public charging stations are considered ancillary services offered to residents as an
added benefit to residents accessing municipal facilities.
While seed funding will be needed to make the initial purchase for public EV stations,
user fees will be applied to offset the maintenance, repair, and replacement costs for
public stations. Fees for the use of public stations are intended to be revenue -neutral,
encouraging public EV adoption while maintaining a reasonable fee for use.
EV Charge Station Incentives
The federal government has made funding available to assist with the proliferation of EV
charging infrastructure through the Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program
(ZEVIP). Through the ZEVIP program $280 million has been committed until 2024 to
Page 13
subsidize 50 per cent of the costs associated with installing charging infrastructure up to
$5000 per charge point.
Clarington has already benefited from federal ZEVIP funding. In Fall 2019, Clarington, in
partnership with Durham Region, Ajax, Oshawa, and Whitby, successfully applied to
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) for funding through ZEVIP. This application
secured 60 Level 2 charge points for the region, kickstarting a region -wide push for EV
adoption. Clarington received approximately $21,400 from NRCan, subsidizing the cost
of five public charge points in downtown Bowmanville.
In the Spring of 2020, Clarington, Whitby, Scugog and the Region of Durham
successfully applied for a second round of ZEVIP funding to install a further 42 stations
across the region. Clarington received approval for $82,000 from NRCan to subsidize
the installation of 18 charge points across the Municipality ($4,554 per charge point). By
the end of 2022, Clarington will have 21 public charge points and fleet charge stations.
Clarington staff will continue to take advantage of external funding opportunities for EVs
and EV charging stations as it transitions its fleet to electric and develops public EV
charging infrastructure on Municipal properties.
Other Considerations
Emergency Vehicle Exemptions
During the development of the EVAP Emergency and Fire Services staff expressed
concerns regarding electric vehicle performance during emergency situations.
Specifically, staff brought forward concerns regarding towing capacity, battery life and
vehicle range during prolonged vehicle use in cold weather. Electric pickup trucks have
only recently come to market. As such, there has not been a significant amount of time
to assess their performance in real -world emergency situations. To ensure the reliability
of vehicles during extended emergency situations, Emergency and Fire Services
vehicles have been exempted from the EVAP. The EVAP recommends that Emergency
and Fire Services prioritize vehicles with high energy efficiency and low carbon
emissions when selecting vehicles moving forward. The use of EVs in Emergency and
Fire operations will be revisited as more information about the use of EVs in emergency
situations becomes available.
Expanding Vehicle Options and Technology
The EVAP includes only light -duty cars, vans, and trucks up to half -ton (equivalent to a
Ford F-150). The electric vehicle options coming to market in 2022 and beyond are
expanding. This is especially relevant for pickup truck and van replacements, which will
provide more options for the Municipality when choosing vehicles. The EVAP will be
reviewed annually to evaluate expanding EV availability to assess potential EV options
for light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles. Moving forward, staff will also consider less
conventional electric vehicle options such as ice resurfaces, fire trucks, e-mobility
scooters, e-bikes, and other ZEV options as they become available.
The goal of the EVAP is to convert Clarington's fleet EVs across all municipal
operations where practicable to do so. As electric vehicles become more prevalent,
Page 14
more options and lower MSRPs will give the Municipality an expanded range of lower -
cost vehicle replacement options. While the range of EVs is already around 400
kilometers per charge, the range if EVs is projected to increase as battery technology
continues to improve.
Plan Development Process
Assumptions
The EVAP has been designed based on a set of assumptions about how EVs and EV
charge stations will be used by staff and the public. These assumptions are based on
best practices identified by staff through research and consultation with stakeholders.
Fleet Charging Infrastructure Assumptions
Assumption.
Each fleet vehicle will have a designated
Designated EV charge points and parking
charge point and parking spot.
spaces will provide simplicity and
consistency to staff.
Future municipal buildings will be
Clarington will continue to expand its EV
constructed with the inclusion of fleet
fleet beyond the 2026-time horizon of this
charging stations, as appropriate.
plan and will require more charging
capacity. It is much less expensive to
design and build in charging capacity
during initial construction than to retrofit
buildings at a later date.
All EV stations will be located on
Installing EV stations on municipal
municipal property.
property simplifies construction timelines,
lowers costs, and provides continuity of
parking spot availability to staff.
100 per cent of eligible light -duty vehicles
Direction from Clarington Council requires
set to be purchased in the next five years
a transition to EVs wherever practicable.
will be electric.
100 per cent of the municipal fleet will be
The federal government has set a target
electric by 2035 where practicable.
to ban the sale of light duty ICEs by 2035.
All EV stations will be networked.
Networked stations allow staff to track
station use and can be used to charge a
fee for public use.
Most of the EV stations will be `Level 2'
Fleet Vehicles will be parked there
charging stations.
overnight; Level 2 stations balance cost
and charging speed. Level 3 charge
stations will be considered for charging
fleet and public EVs in urgent situations.
Some Emergency and Fire Services
Concessions will be given for Emergency
vehicles will be exempt.
and Fire Services vehicles due to the lack
Page 15
of sufficient data about the use of EVs in
emergency situations and the high need
for vehicle reliability in emergency
situations.
No stations will be located at small
These locations do not get enough use to
community halls.
be prioritized as part of the EV charge
station site selection criteria (see site
selection criteria below).
The number of stations installed is based
User needs and grid capacity are limiting
on projected need and transformer
factors for the installation of EV charge
capacity.
stations.
Station installations are intended to meet
Preparing sites for further rounds of
imminent need and prepare for future
charger installations will reduce the
expansions.
overall installation costs associated with
transitioning the municipal fleet to electric.
Some fleet stations may be made
Fleet charging capacity may not be
available to the public during
needed during the municipal working day;
predetermined hours.
these stations could be utilized by
citizens, maximizing charger utility.
Table 3 - Fleet Charging Infrastructure Assumptions
Public Charging Infrastructure Assumptions
Assumption.
The Municipality has a role in promoting
By declaring a climate emergency,
community EV adoption to reduce GHG
Clarington has taken a leadership role in
emission, noise pollution and air pollution.
fighting climate change. Encouraging the
adoption of EVs in the community is a
significant step in reducing GHG
emissions causing climate change.
Future municipal buildings will include EV
Clarington will continue to expand its
public EV charging stations in their design
public charging network beyond 2026. It
and construction.
is much less expensive to design and
install EV charging into new buildings
than to retrofit existing buildings.
Municipally owned parking lot rehabs that
Coordinating EV station installations with
meet the site selection criteria for public
scheduled parking lot resurfacing will
stations will be prioritized (see site
save on installation costs.
selection criteria below).
All EV stations will be located on
Installing EV stations on municipal
municipal property.
property simplifies construction, ensures
control and ownership of stations stays
with the Municipality.
Page 16
The installation of public stations is based
EV sales are expected to increase
on community trends toward EV adoption.
exponentially over the next 14 years. The
federal government has set a target to
phase out (until the anticipated complete
ICE phase -out by 2035)
All Stations are networked.
Networked stations allow the Municipality
to track EV station use and allow for the
application of a fee for service, based on
Clarington's Fee Bylaw and Signage
bylaw.
EV Charging stations will be revenue
The fee charged for the use of public EV
neutral.
stations will only be applied to cover the
cost of operating, maintaining, and
replacing the stations.
No stations will be located at small
These locations do not get enough use to
community halls
be prioritized as part of the EV charge
station site selection criteria (see site
selection criteria below).
The number of stations installed is based
Need and grid capacity are limiting
on projected need and transformer
factors for installing community EV
capacity.
stations.
Fleet vehicles can use public charging
During the day, staff may need to charge
stations.
their fleet vehicles at locations distant
from their designated charging station. As
the Municipality's primary duty is service
delivery to residents, fleet vehicles will be
permitted to charge at public stations.
Table 4 - Public Charging Infrastructure Assumptions
Plan Creation Methodology
Electric Vehicle Inventory Methodology
To create this plan the Municipal Interdepartmental Climate Change Working Group
(ICCWG) convened to set the objectives of the plan and establish milestone dates. The
ICCWG has been updated monthly throughout the creation of the plan to guide the
development of the plan and review its content.
To begin, staff created a list of key stakeholders from each department with direct
knowledge of future vehicle acquisitions. Identified stakeholders submit a list of all
anticipated new and replacement vehicle purchases between 2021 — 2026. This list was
analyzed, and all light -duty vehicles with suitable EV replacement options (cars, SUVs,
transport vans, and light -duty trucks) were counted to create an anticipated 5-year EV
inventory.
Once the number of EVs expected to be purchased over the next five years was
established, it was used to determine how many charge points would need to be
Page 17
installed each year to ensure sufficient charging capacity to accommodate yearly EV
purchases. As a precautionary measure, and to leverage available federal funding, the
installation of EV charge stations for over the next five years was prioritized for
installation early in the 2022-2026 period, with most of the fleet charging locations
scheduled to be installed in the next three years.
Once the EVAP was drafted and reviewed by the ICCWG, it was circulated more
broadly to department heads for internal feedback. Several one-on-one meetings were
also held with key representatives from Community Services, Emergency and Fire
Services and Public Works to address the specific challenges or circumstances and
incorporated into the plan.
EV Charger Site Selection
The EVAP focuses on retrofitting existing buildings and parking lots to install the
charging capacity needed by fleet and public vehicles. It is expected that all new
municipal buildings will integrate public and fleet EV charging into their designs, taking
into consideration the site selection criteria outlined below.
A list of potential sites was compiled from all municipal properties, including buildings
and parking lots. This list was initially assessed and refined by Community Services
facilities staff and Public Works staff to eliminate locations that were deemed unsuitable
for infrastructure installation. Locations were eliminated because they were remote,
unused, or slated for demolition or sale. Small community halls owned by the
Municipality were also excluded, as these locations are typically operated by third -party
groups, complicating installation processes. The resulting list contained 38 potential
sites to install public and fleet charging stations.
The sites were reviewed again and assessed for their suitability for fleet and public
charging, creating a list for each. For each list, a set of criteria was developed to guide
the site selection process for public and fleet chargers to ensure the optimal placement
of EV stations. The site selection criteria were used to rank the remaining options. Sites
were scored based on how many of the criteria were met, with grid capacity being a
mandatory requirement for consideration. A complete list of sites and assessment
criteria can be found in Appendix 8 - Projected EV purchases by Year.
Fleet Charger Suitability Criteria
After from the initial suitability assessment, five criteria were used to gauge the
suitability of locations for fleet EV charger installation. Suitability criteria include:
• Near municipal offices or depots
• Near where staff are working
• There are enough parking spaces for staff personal vehicles and fleet vehicles
• There is enough space for an adequate grouping of EV chargers (4-8 stations)
• There is a transformer or electrical panel with sufficient capacity to accommodate
the EV chargers
Page 18
Public Charger Site Selection Criteria
After the initial suitability assessment, five criteria were used to gauge site suitability.
Suitability criteria include:
• Significant traffic at the site
• Potential to attract users
• The area underserved by charging stations
• There is enough space for an adequate grouping of EV chargers (4-8 stations)
• There is a transformer or electrical panel with sufficient capacity to accommodate
the EV chargers
For each list, locations scoring a `Medium' or `High' were prioritized for charge station
installation within the next five years. Eight public charging locations and nine fleet
charging locations were identified for development between 2021 — 2026. A timeline,
broken down by year was created, listing the public and fleet charging stations that
would be installed each year. Locations that can accommodate large banks of stations
and locations where many fleet EVs can conveniently be parked and charged have
been prioritized for early installations.
Once a list of prioritized locations was identified, it was circulated for feedback to
members of the ICCWG and departmental staff whose fleet vehicles will be replaced
with an EV during the plan's five-year time horizon. The finalized timeline of station
installations can be found in Appendix 8 - Projected EV purchases by Year.
EVAP Adaptability
The EVAP is intended to be a living document, with amendments expected over the
course of the five-year plan. Any changes made throughout the life of this plan should
be made with the goal of expanding Clarington's fleet of EV charging infrastructure.
Changes to the EVAP will be based on the availability of funding, the expansion of EV
model availability, improvements to EV charging infrastructure and increased ambition
by Municipal Council.
Yearly EV and Charge Station Breakdown
The following section summarized the information in Appendices A and B. The
information contained herein is subject to change as departments and Council may shift
priorities or ambitions regarding the below purchases. Vehicle purchasing years are
especially subject to change as departments may opt to delay or expedite new vehicle
purchases.
Page 19
Yearly Overview
Year
New EVs/Hybrids
purchased
New public chargers
installed
New fleet chargers
installed `
Table 5 - EVs purchased, Public Chargers and New Chargers Installed by Year
Note: The higher number of EVs purchased than fleet chargers installed is not a cause
for concern, as the Municipality already has several chargers in operation, which pre-
date the EVAP.
Page 20
EV Charge Station Locations
Figure 2 - Proposed Fleet EV Charge Stations
Figure 3 - Proposed Public EV Charge Stations
Page 21
2021
In 2021, six EVs and one hybrid vehicle were budgeted by the Municipality. All six EVs
were purchased by the Planning and Development Services department and will be
charged at the fleet chargers located at Garnet B Rickard. The hybrid vehicle was
purchased by the Emergency and Fire Services Department.
Vehicle Costs
Department.-
and Model-.
.-.
Planning and Development
EV (car)
$45,000
Services
Planning and Development
EV (car)
$45,000
Services
Planning and Development
EV (car)
$45,000
Services
Planning and Development
EV (car)
$45,000
Services
Planning and Development
EV (car)
$45,000
Services
Planning and Development
EV (car)
$45,000
Services
Emergency and Fire Services
Hybrid
$45,000
Total
6 + 1 Hybrid
$315,000.00
Table 6 - 2021 Vehicle Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Charger Costs
ChargeType -. .-.
Garnet B Rickard 2440
Recreation Highway 2, Fleet 8 $81,000
Complex Bowmanville,
ON
Church and 26 Division
Division Street StlFleet and
gowmanville, Public 5 $66,000
Parking Lot ON
Total 13 $147,000
Table 7 - 2021 Charger Costs
Page 22
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Garnet B Rickard Recreation Complex - Fleet Chargers
r,
Garnet B Rickard is slated to receive a group of eight fleet chargers at the East side of
the building in late 2021. Six of these chargers are reserved for Planning and
Development EVs. The remaining two spots will temporarily be available to the public
until the final two Planning and Development Services EVs are purchased in 2022 and
2023, at which time they will become reserved for fleet parking. Garnet B Rickard
already has two networked stations to the West of the building and is scheduled to
receive more public charging stations in the coming years.
This location was prioritized for a large group of stations because its large parking lot
can accommodate eight stations without creating a shortage of parking spaces for other
drivers. The Recreation Complex is centrally located and near to where the vehicle
users will be working. The building also had sufficient electrical capacity to
accommodate the charging stations. Partial funding for these chargers has been
granted to Clarington through the federal government's Zero Emissions Vehicle
Infrastructure Program (ZEVIP).
Page 23
Church and Division St Parking Lot - Public Chargers
46
+za
0
a
The parking lot on the Southwest corner of the intersection of Church and Division St in
Bowmanville is the first location under the EVAP to have chargers installed. The
location consists of five charge points. One charge point is dedicated to fleet charging
for Legislative Services'. Four charge points are reserves for public charging.
The Church and Division Street parking lot was prioritized for EV charge stations
because of its central location in downtown Bowmanville. The location allows EV users
to charge their vehicles while visiting nearby businesses, municipal buildings, and the
library. The parking lot is large enough to allow for vehicle charging while not
substantially reducing the total number of available parking spaces. Partial funding for
these chargers was provided to the municipality through the federal government's Zero
Emissions Vehicle Infrastructure Program (ZEVIP).
Page 24
2022
Clarington will add three EVs to their fleet in 2022. Legislative Services will acquire a
Plug-in Hybrid EV. The Planning and Development Services and Emergency and Fire
Departments will each purchase an additional Chevy Bolts.
A bank of six fleet chargers will be installed at the Community Resource Centre to
charge the Legislative Services department's vehicles, which will acquired in 2022 and
2023. Two fleet charge points will also be installed at Fire Station 1. The community is
slated to receive six new charge points as well: two at the Orono Branch Public Library,
and four at the Courtice Community Complex.
Vehicle Costs
DepartmentModel-.
Planning and Development EV (car) $45,000
Services
Fire and Emergency Services EV (SUV) EUV $60,000
Legislative Services PHEV (car) $50,000
Total 3 $155,000
Table 8 - 2022 Vehicle Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Charger Costs
ChargerLocation
.-
-. Cost
Type
Charge
(Rounded)
PointsAddress
Community
132 Church
Fleet
6
$68,000
Resource Centre
Street,
(Firehouse Youth
Bowmanville,
Centre)
ON
Fire Station #1
2430 Highway
Fleet
2
$26,000
2, Bowmanville,
ON
Courtice
2950 Courtice
Public
4
$52,000
Community
Road, Courtice,
Complex
ON
Orono Library
s 127 Church
Public
2
$38,000
Street, Orono,
ON
Total
14
$184,000
Table 9 - 2022 Charger Costs
Page 25
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Community Resource Centre (Firehouse Youth Centre) - Fleet Chargers
P77imairfl �k
If.O'Il U 1
•-• ��. rt ��� - - •yam t
The bank of six fleet charge points to be located at the Firehouse Youth Centre will
draw power from electrical transformers located on electrical polls at the site. The site
will primarily charge vehicles from the Legislative Services Department, specifically the
vehicles purchased in 2022 and 2023 and a further two EVs in 2026. Though the bank
of stations is intended for fleet charging, the unassigned charge points at this location
will be made available for public charging until to allow for excess capacity should the
municipality decide to expand its fleet with more EVs.
This location was selected because the parking lot allows for the installation of a bank of
EV charge stations without significantly impacting the total amount of parking spots
available to the public. The Firehouse Youth Centre is centrally located near the
Municipal Administrative Centre, which is a convenient and central location near to
where staff are working.
Page 26
Fire Station #1- Fleet Chargers
Two additional charge points will be added to Fire Station #1, bringing the total number
of chargers at the site to four. They are necessary to meet the needs of the Emergency
and Fire Department's expanding fleet of EVs (the department will have a total of four
EVs by the end of 2023).
Fire station #1 is situated among the most densely populated areas in Clarington. It has
the required electrical capacity to accommodate more chargers and has already
undergone electrical work to install the first two charge points in 2020.
Courtice Community Complex - Public Chargers
The Courtice Community Complex has a parking lot large enough to dedicate four spots
to EV charging locations while ensuring there is sufficient parking at the site. Currently,
there are no publicly available chargers in Courtice. These four charge points will
Page 27
address a service gap in the community. The Courtice Community Complex hosts a
swimming pool and other activities which will keep patrons on the site for at least an
hour (on average), making it a suitable location for level 2 chargers. It is a high -traffic
location for the community, and the chargers' visual presence at the site will serve as a
reinforcement of Clarington's commitment to an EV transition. This location has more
than enough panel capacity to accommodate these chargers and future expansions of
up to six or more charge points.
Orono Public Library - Public Chargers
Orono does not currently have any EV charge points. Placing two at the library will
begin to fill the public EV charging gap for the community and provide a location for
municipal fleet vehicles to recharge at night. These charge points may also serve as an
indirect method of increasing tourism for the community. The charge points will be
located near Highway 115 and the several restaurants, shops, and green spaces.
Locally, the availability of EV charging may encourage residents to consider adopting
EVs.
2023
The Planning and Development Department will acquire their eighth Chevy Bolt in 2023,
at which point all eight charge points at Garnett B Rickard (installed in 2022) will be
dedicated for fleet use. Emergency and Fire Services will acquire two new EVs. All four
EMS EVS will be parked at Fire Hall #1 for charging. Legislative Services will acquire an
electric van and EUV. Lastly, the Public Works Department is slated to replace four
light -duty pickup trucks this year two of which were deferred from 2022. These trucks
are anticipated to be Ford F-150 Lightnings. The trucks will be parked and charged at
Page 28
Yard 42, which will have six EV charge points installed this year (later expanded to
eight). 2023 will also see the most significant build -out of public chargers to date, with a
total of eight being installed in three different locations across the Municipality.
Vehicle Costs
Department.-
Planning and Development
Services
and Model-.
EV (car)
.-.
$45,000
Emergency and Fire Services
EV (EUV)
$47,000
Emergency and Fire Services
Hybrid (car)
$47,000
Legislative Services
EV (SUV)
$47,000
Legislative Services
EV (Cargo Van)
$65,000
Public Works
EV (pickup truck)
$73,000
Public Works
EV (pickup truck)
$73,000
Public Works
EV (pickup truck)
$73,000
Public Works
EV (pickup truck)
$73,000
Total
9
$543,000
Table 10 — 2023 Vehicle Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Charger Costs
Location..Type
ChargerNumber
of
-. Cost
Points
178 Clarke
Yard 42
Townline,
Fleet
6
$66,000
Bowmanville, ON
Bowmanville Indoor
2375 Baseline
Soccer Centre
Road,
Public
4
$53,000
Bowmanville, ON
Newcastle Branch
150 King Avenue
Library
East, Newcastle,
Public
2
$38,000
ON
Shaw Building
156 Church St,
Public
2
$33,000
Bowmanville, ON
Total
114
$190,000
Table 11 - 2023 Charger Costs
Page 29
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Yard 42 - Fleet Chargers
Yard 42 is one of Clarington's main service yards. Used primarily by the Public Works
Department, it is the location where service trucks and other vehicles are parked by
Public Work's staff. This is an important location for EV chargers, as the municipal EV
fleet expands beyond sedans and SUVs. This location will receive a bank of six EV
charging points (later expanded to eight) and will be the main charging site for electric
trucks. At the time of writing, these are all anticipated to be Ford F-150 Lightnings,
though this may change as more electric truck options come onto the market.
Electric trucks and the city staff who operate them have different needs than those with
Sedans and SUVs. Yard 42 is one of the main Public Works hubs for Clarington. It
makes sense, then, to install charging stations for these and future trucks in the location
where they are most frequently used and parked. The fleet chargers at this location will
not be accessible to the public and will be for the sole use of city staff. The location is
central to where affected city staff operate, and the site has enough electrical capacity
to accommodate the six (later expanded to eight) chargers that will operate at Yard 42.
Page 30
Bowmanville Indoor Soccer Centre - Public Chargers
5
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The Bowmanville Indoor Soccer Centre will host four EV charge points, all dedicated to
public use. The site is also a good candidate for future expansions past the EVAPs
2026 time horizon. The Centre is used year-round for indoor and outdoor soccer and
lacrosse games and maintains a steady flow of people, especially on the evenings and
weekend. While it has not been decided where the chargers will be located, it is
assumed that they will be close to the building and the entrance. Situating the stations
close to the structure will lower installation and electrical costs while providing a
preferred parking benefit for those who use them.
As a large sports centre with continual year-round usage, sufficient electrical capacity
and a large parking lot, the Bowmanville Indoor Soccer Centre was deemed to be a
highly suitable location for public charging.
Page 31
Newcastle Branch Library - Public Chargers
The Newcastle Branch Library will have two public charge points installed in its parking
lot. Though the location of the chargers has not yet been determined, it is likely that they
will be located close to the building to reduce installation and electrical costs.
There is a deficit of public EV charging infrastructure in Newcastle. There are currently
no publicly available EV chargers in the community, with the nearest public chargers to
be in Bowmanville and Orono. This is likely a deterrent to residents interested in
purchasing an EV. Installing EV charge points at the Newcastle Branch Library is a step
to encourage community members to adopt EVs. These chargers may offer the side
benefit of increased traffic and tourism to local businesses (especially the restaurants in
the area), given the community's proximity to Highway 401.
Page 32
Shaw Building - Public Chargers
The two charge points to be installed at the Shaw building will be in the parking lot on
the left side of the building. This building has enough electrical capacity to
accommodate a double head charger. The chargers at this site will be designated as
public use charge points but given the building's proximity to the Municipal
Administrative Centre and several fleet charging stations, the charge points at the Shaw
Building have been designated as a backup location for municipal EVs and may be
used for overnight fleet vehicle charging if the need arises.
The Shaw building is centrally located in downtown Bowmanville, providing EV charging
for residents while they visit the Municipal Administrative Centre or visit location
businesses and recreation locations in downtown Bowmanville. This location also offers
a benefit to fleet EVs; the chargers at the Shaw building can be used for overnight
charging if charge points at the Community Resource Centre require maintenance,
replacement or are otherwise offline.
Page 33
2024
Public Works is the only department expected to acquire a new EV in 2024. With the
replacement of another light -duty truck, they will add another Ford F-150 Lightning to
the fleet, which will also be charged at Yard 42. The EVAP's goal to install most of the
required fleet charging in the early years of the plan means that in 2024, all 10 charge
points installed will be designated for public charging. Two double -headed chargers will
be installed at the Alan Strike Aquatic and Squash Centre (Alan Strike Centre). An
additional four charge points will offer community charging to those using the South
Courtice Arena.
Vehicle Costs
Table 12 - 2024 Vehicle Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Charger Costs
Table 13 - 2024 Charger Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Page 34
Alan Strike Aquatic and Squash Centre - Public Chargers
The Alan Strike Centre is located centrally in Bowmanville, hosting both a pool and
squash courts. There are several parking lots that can be used when accessing the
Centre, and while the exact location for the chargers has not been determined, it is
likely that the charging spots will be located on the south side of the west parking lot, as
that location is closest to the transformer which the power would be drawn from. The
four level-2 two charging points will be primarily accessible to members of the public
who are using the Alan Strike facility.
The Alan Strike Centre enjoys consistent levels of year-round use, making it a medium -
traffic location in Clarington's largest urban settlement area. Publicly accessible
charging installations at this facility are part of Clarington's plans to extend EV charging
infrastructure to every medium and large -sized municipally owned building. This location
was deemed to be of medium suitability due to the building itself not having enough
panel capacity to accommodate the chargers, necessitating a separate service be run
from a nearby transformer.
Page 35
South Courtice Arena - Public Chargers
The South Courtice Arena is a year-round public facility with a skating rink, gymnasium,
meeting room, youth centre, and a football field, basketball court and dog park, which
are accessible in the summer months. The four charge points to be installed at the site
will be placed close to the building to reduce installation costs. The four charging spots
will be available exclusively for public use for those using the facility.
The South Courtice Arena is a high -traffic location with a steady user base year-round.
Its proximity to Oshawa means that it will likely receive more traffic than other locations
as the Arena draws in residents from the neighbouring city. The main building offers
more than sufficient electrical capacity. The site suitability selection criteria (outlined
above) indicate that this site would be a good candidate for future expansions to the
charging network. It is likely that Courtice will still be underserved by public chargers in
2024. This central, high -traffic location is an ideal spot for expansion.
Page 36
2025
At the time of writing, there are only two electric trucks planned for purchase in 2025.
Two chargers will be installed at Garnet B Rickard for public use, doubling the number
of public chargers currently installed at the site. Yard 42 will receive an expansion of two
additional charge points, creating additional charging capacity to accommodate the two
new trucks.
Vehicle Costs
Table 14 - 2025 Vehicle Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Charger Costs
Table 15 - 2025 Charger Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Page 37
Yard 42 (Expansion) - Fleet Chargers
Yard 42 is one of Clarington's main service yards, used primarily by the Public Works
Department. Yard 42 hosts many of the service trucks used by Public Work's staff. The
expansion of two additional charging points should be a relatively simple task, as the
installation in 2022 prepared for this expansion.
As trucks continue to be decommissioned and more mid- and heavy-duty electric truck
options become available on the market, the Public Works fleet of EVs will continue to
expand. This installation prepares for future purchases, setting up Yard 42 as a central
charging hub for Clarington's electric trucks and other heavy-duty EVs.
Page 38
Garnet B Rickard - Public Chargers
By the end of 2023, the Planning and Development Services Department will acquire
two more EVs, which will be charged at the stations in the Eastern parking lot. This will
leave only two public charge stations at one of the Municipality's highest traffic public
facilities.
In 2025, two public EV charge points will be installed at this location, doubling the public
charge points currently installed at the site. These charge points will be located next to
the existing public chargers on the site in the building's western parking lot.
Note: As data is collected over the coming years on charger usage, there may be a
case for expanding this installation from four to six public charge points. Usage statistics
of the existing public chargers should be examined in 2024 to determine whether this
expansion is warranted.
Page 39
2026
In 2026 Legislative Services will replace another one of their cars with an EV. While this
is the only vehicle being replaced that currently has a suitable EV alternative, the
expansion of available EVs models will mean that more heavy-duty fleet EVs will be
available in 2026. Public charging capacity will continue to be expanded in 2026, with
charge points at the Darlington Sports Centre and six charge points at the Municipal
Administrative Centre (MAC).
Vehicle Costs
Department
Legislative Services
Vehicle Type and Model
EV (Sedan)
Projected MSIRP
$45,000
Legislative Services
EV (pickup truck)
$73,000
Emergency Services
EV (SUV)
$47,000
Total
3
$165,000
Table 16 - 2026 Vehicle Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Charger Costs
Table 17 - 2026 Charger Costs
Note — budget does not reflect external funding subsidies that are currently available
Page 40
Darlington Sport Centre - Public Chargers
-�T
The Darlington Sports Centre is one of the only large, publicly owned buildings in
Darlington. The Centre hosts an ice pad, soccer field and skate park, meaning there is a
level of usage at the centre year-round. Power for the EV chargers will not come from
the centre, as it does not have the necessary capacity. Instead, the power will be drawn
from a transformer on the eastern end of the parking lot. Four charging spots will be
located as close to the transformer as possible.
Darlington does not currently have any EV charging stations in the area, leaving
residents without convenient access to community charging. By installing four charge
stations at the Darlington Sports Centre, Clarington will address this service gap.
Page 41
Municipal Administrative Centre (MAC) - Public Chargers
The MAC offers two small parking lots, each with a hydro meter nearby, which could be
used to power chargers at the site. A bank of six chargers at either location would take
up many of the parking spots in the lot. Care will need to be taken to balance the
Parking needs of ICE and EV drivers. Further study will be needed to ascertain the best
location for chargers on this site.
The MAC is the central hub of Clarington's municipal government, providing in -person
municipal services to citizens and is in the heart of downtown Bowmanville, close by to
shops, restaurants and green spaces. The main branch of the Clarington library is also
located at this site. The MAC is a highly suitable location for a bank of six public charge
points. Public chargers at this site have been pushed to 2026, as there will already be
EV chargers in the area (at the Church and Division Street Parking Lot, the Shaw
building, and the Community Resource Centre). The building has sufficient electrical
capacity to support EV chargers.
Page 42
Conclusion
To achieve the Municipality's GHG emissions reduction targets, the municipality must
act the transition is fleet to electric. With a boarder community adoption of EVs already
underway, the Municipality must also act to ensure community EV charging
infrastructure is available.
This Electric Vehicle Action Plan is a guide for the Municipality to electrify its fleet and
provide much -needed public EV charging at municipal facilities between 2022 and
2026. Under this plan, the Municipality is set to acquire at least 25 electric vehicles,
install more than 60 EV charging spaces, and become a regional leader in EV charging
stations. This plan aims to fulfil direction by Council to implement an electric vehicle
transition strategy through resolution #C-066-20 which this plan fulfills.
By implementing this plan, the Municipality is taking significant steps to respond to
climate change by directly reducing GHG emissions associated with transportation,
providing needed infrastructure to meet the community's needs for EV charging,
promoting the community wellbeing promoting transportation options that reduce air and
sound pollution.
Page 43
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Page 46
Appendix A — EV Charger Installation Costs
Summary of EV Charger Installation by Year
Fleet Charge
Year
Points Installed4rw
Charge Points Total Estimated
Installed Cost
Potential Grant
Contribution
Estimated Cost to
Clarington
Pre 2011
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
2021
9
$95,525.00
$40,724.44
$54,800.56
2022
8
$93,550.00
$40,000.00
$53,550.00
2023
6
$66,162.50
$30,000.00
$36,162.50
2024
0
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
2025
2
$24,137.50
$10,000.00
$14,137.50
2026
0
$0.00
$0.00
$0.00
Total
27
$279,375.00
$120,724.44
$158,650.56
Table 18 - Fleet EV Charger Installation by Year
Public Charge
Year
Points Installed
Charge Points
Installed
Total Estimated
Cost
IV
Potential Grant
Contribution
I
Estimated Cost to
Clarington
Pre-2021
2
N/A
N/A
N/A
2021
4
$52,025.00
$17,120.00
$34,905.00
2022
6
$89,912.50
$10,000.00
$79,912.50
2023
8
$120,222.50
$40,000.00
$80,222.50
2024
8
$104,050.00
$40,000.00
$64,050.00
2025
2
$24,137.50
$10,000.00
$14,137.50
2026
10
$118,187.50
$50,000.00
$68,187.50
Total
40
$508,535.00
$167,120.00
$341,415.00
Table 19 - Public EV Charger Installation by Year
Page 47
2021
Garnet B
Rickard
Church &
Division
Lot
Unit
Cost
No. of
Units
Cost
No. of Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level
2)
$9,000
4
$36,000
0
$0
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
1
$7,000
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
4
$1,400
1
$350
Shipping (per station)
$150
4
$600
1
$150
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
1
$15,000
0
$0
Hardscaping Excavation Work / m2
$100
26
$2,600
26
$2,600
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
8
$3,200
1
$400
'Municipal Vehicles Only' Signage (per charge point)
$200
8
$1,600
1
$200
Stencil
$500
1
$500
0
$0
Painting (per charge point)
$110
8
$880
1
$110
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
8
$960
1
$120
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per
station)
$550
4
$2,200
1
$550
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$7,793
1
$1,378
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$8,442
1
$1,492
Total
$81,175
$14,350
Table 20 - 2021 Detailed Fleet Charger Costs
Table 21 - 2021 Fleet Charger Cost Contributions
Church & Division Lot
Unit Cost
No. of Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
2
$18,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
2
$700
Shipping (per station)
$150
2
$300
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
1
$15,000
Hardscaping Excavation Work / m2
$100
35
$3,500
Signage (per charge point)
$400
4
$1,600
Stencil
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
4
$440
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
4
$480
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per station)
$550
2
$1,100
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$4,994
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$5,411
Total
$52,025
Table 22 - 2021 Detailed Public Charger Costs
Table 23 - 2021 Public Charger Cost Contributions
Page 49
2022
Community
Resource Center
(Firehouse Youth
Center)
Fire Station 1
Unit Cost
No. of Units
Cost
No. of Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
3
$27,000
1
$9,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
3
$1,050
1
$350
Shipping (per station)
$150
3
$450
1
$150
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
1
$15,000
1
$5,000
Hardscaping Excavation Work / mz
$100
35
$3,500
35
$3,500
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
6
$2,400
2
$800
'Municipal Vehicles Only' Signage (per charge point)
$200
6
$1,200
2
$400
Stencil
$500
1
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
6
$660
2
$220
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
6
$720
2
$240
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per station)
$550
3
$1,650
1
$550
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$6,496
1
$2,485
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$7,037
1
$2,692
Total
$67,663
$25,888
Table 24 - 2022 Detailed Fleet Charger Costs
Table 25 - 2022 Fleet Charger Cost Contributions
Page 50
Public
M
Courtice Community
Complex
0"
Orono Library
Unit Cost
No. of Units
Cost
No. of Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
2
$18,000
1
$9,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
2
$700
1
$350
Shipping (per station)
$150
2
$300
1
$150
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
1
$15,000
1
$15,000
Hardscaping Excavation Work / m2
$100
35
$3,500
35
$3,500
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
4
$1,600
2
$800
Stencil
$500
1
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
4
$440
2
$220
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
4
$480
2
$240
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per station)
$550
2
$1,100
1
$550
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$4,994
1
$3,637
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$5,411
1
$3,940
Total
$52,025
$37,888
Table 26 — 2022 Detailed Public Charger Costs
Table 27 - 2022 Public Charger Cost Contributions
Page 51
2023
Yard 42 Depot
Unit Cost
No. of Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
3
$27,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
3
$1,050
Shipping (per station)
$150
3
$450
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
1
$15,000
Hardscaping Excavation Work / m2
$100
35
$3,500
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
6
$2,400
'Municipal Vehicles Only' Signage (per charge point)
$200
0
$0
Stencil
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
6
$660
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
6
$720
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per station)
$550
3
$1,650
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$6,352
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$6,881
Total
$66,163
Table 28 - 2023 Detailed Fleet Charger Costs
Table 29 - 2023 Fleet Charger Cost Contributions
Page 52
Public
Bowmanville Indoor
Newcastle Library
Shaw Building
Soccer Center
Branch
Unit Cost
No. of
Cost
No. of
Cost
No. of
Cost
Units
Units
Units
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations -
$9,000
2
$18,000
1
$9,000
1
$9,000
Pedestal Unit (level 2)
Single -Charge Point Station -
$7,000
0
$0
0
$0
0
$0
Pedestal Unit (level 2)
Insurance and Maintenance (per
$350
2
$700
1
$350
1
$350
station)
Shipping (per station)
$150
2
$300
1
$150
1
$150
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical
$15,000
1
$15,000
1
$15,000
1
$15,000
Work
Hardscaping Excavation Work / mZ
$100
35
$3,500
35
$3,500
35
$3,500
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per
$400
4
$1,600
2
$800
2
$800
charge point)
Stencil
$500
1
$500
1
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
4
$440
2
$220
2
$220
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
4
$480
2
$240
2
$240
Site Remediation (road, curb and
$550
2
$1,100
1
$550
1
$550
softscaping) (per station)
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$4,994
1
$3,637
1
$3,637
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$5,411
1
$3,940
1
$3,940
Total
$52,025
$37,888
$309310
Table 30 - 2023 Detailed Public Charger Costs
Table 31 - 2023 Detailed Public Charger Contributions
Page 53
2024
No EV stations for fleet are planned for installation in 2024
mum
Alan Strike Aquatic and
Squash Center
South Courtice Arena
Unit
Cost
No. of Units
Cost
Noitsf
Un
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
2
$18,000
2
$18,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
2
$700
2
$700
Shipping (per station)
$150
2
$300
2
$300
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
1
$15,000
1
$15,000
Hardscaping Excavation Work / m2
$100
35
$3,500
35
$3,500
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
4
$1,600
4
$1,600
Stencil
$500
1
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
4
$440
4
$440
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
4
$480
4
$480
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per
station)
$550
2
$1,100
2
$1,100
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$4,994
1
$4,994
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$5,411
1
$5,411
Total
$52,025
$52,025
Table 32 - 2024 Detailed Public Charger Costs
Table 33 — 2024 Public Charger Contributions
Page 54
2025
Yard 42
Unit Cost
No. of Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
1
$9,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
1
$350
Shipping (per station)
$150
1
$150
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
0
$0
Hardscaping Excavation Work / m2
$100
0
$0
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
2
$800
'Municipal Vehicles Only' Signage (per charge point)
$200
0
$0
Stencil
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
2
$220
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
2
$240
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per station)
$550
1
$550
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$1,417
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$1,535
Total
$14,763
Table 34 - 2025 Detailed Fleet Charger Costs
Table 35 - 2025 Fleet Charger Contributions
Page 55
Garnet B. Rickard
Unit Cost
No. of Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
1
$9,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
1
$350
Shipping (per station)
$150
1
$150
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
0.5
$7,500
Hardscaping Excavation Work / m2
$100
0
$0
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
2
$800
Stencil
$500
0
$0
Painting (per charge point)
$110
2
$220
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
2
$240
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per station)
$550
1
$550
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$2,257
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$2,445
Total
$23,513
Table 36 - 2025 Detailed Public Charger Costs
Table 37 - 2025 Detailed Public Charger Contributions
Page 56
2026
No EV stations for fleet are planned for installation in 2026
Public
Darlington Sport
Center
Municipal
Administrative Center
Unit Cost
No. of Units
Cost
No. of
Units
Cost
EV Charger Equipment
Double -Charge Point Stations - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$9,000
2
$18,000
3
$27,000
Single -Charge Point Station - Pedestal Unit (level 2)
$7,000
0
$0
0
$0
Insurance and Maintenance (per station)
$350
2
$700
3
$1,050
Shipping (per station)
$150
2
$300
3
$450
Installation
Panel Upgrades and Electrical Work
$15,000
1
$15,000
1
$15,000
Hardscaping Excavation Work / mz
$100
35
$3,500
35
$3,500
'EV Charging Only' Signage (per charge point)
$400
4
$1,600
6
$2,400
Stencil
$500
1
$500
1
$500
Painting (per charge point)
$110
4
$440
6
$660
Bollards (per charge point)
$120
4
$480
6
$720
Site Remediation (road, curb and softscaping) (per station)
$550
2
$1,100
3
$1,650
Contingency (12% of total costs)
12%
1
$4,994
1
$6,352
HST (13% of Total)
13%
1
$5,411
1
$6,881
Total
$52,025
$66,163
Table 38 - 2026 Detailed Public Charger Costs
Table 39 - 2026 Public Charger Contributions
Page 57
Appendix B — Projected EV purchases by Year
Summary EV Purchases by Year
Year
2021
New EVs/Hybrids purchased
7
2022
3
2023
9
2024
1
2025
2
2026
3
Total
25
Table 40 - Summary EV Purchases by Year
2021
Department..
Planning and Development Services
EV (car)
-.
$45,000
Planning and Development Services
EV (car)
$45,000
Planning and Development Services
EV (car)
$45,000
Planning and Development Services
EV (car)
$45,000
Planning and Development Services
EV (car)
$45,000
Planning and Development Services
EV (car)
$45,000
Emergency and Fire Services
Hybrid
$45,000
Total
6 + 1 Hybrid
$315,000.00
Table 41 - 2021 EV Purchases
2022
Planning and Development Services
ModelDepartment Vehicle Type and
EV (car)
(Rounded)
$45,000
Fire and Emergency Services
EV (SUV)
$60,000
Legislative Services
PHEV (car)
$50,000
Total
3
$155,000
Table 42 - 2022 EV Purchases
Page 58
2023
Department..
Planning and Development Services
EV (car)
(Rounded)
$45,000
Emergency and Fire Services
EV (SUV)
$47,000
Emergency and Fire Services
Hybrid (car)
$47,000
Legislative Services
EV (SUV)
$47,000
Legislative Services
EV (Cargo Van)
$65,000
Public Works
EV (truck)
$73,000
Public Works
EV (truck)
$73,000
Public Works
EV (truck)
$73,000
Public Works
EV (truck)
$73,000
Total
9
$543,000
Table 43 - 2023 EV Purchases
2024
Table 44 - 2024 EV Purchases
2025
Table 45 - 2025 EV Purchases
2026
Department..-
Legislative Services
EV (Sedan)
Projected
$45,000
Legislative Services
EV (truck)
$73,000
Emergency Services
EV (SUV)
$47,000
Total
3
$165,000
Table 46 - 2026 EV Purchases
Page 59
Appendix C — EV Ownership Costs
Source: Clean Air Partnership, Green Fleets business Case Series, 2001.
ANNUAL FUEL COST
LIFETIME FUEL COST
TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST
DEPRECIATE J RESALE COST
(LIFETIME)
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP
9.5L/1D0km x 13,000km/year
= 1,235L/year
1,235Llyear = 1.30h
= $ i,667/year
$1,667/year x 7 years
= $1 i,664
$684.89/year K 7 years
= $4,794
$23,499 + $1 1 , 669 + $4,794 - $4,229
= $3S,733
Table 47 - TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF FORD ESCAPE S (2015)
$1,667Iyear
$4,794
$4,229
$35,733
5.91-1104km x 13,DODkmlyear
= 767L/year
ANNUAL FUEL COST $1,036{year
7671-1year x 1.35$/L
= $ I,035.45/year
LIFETIME FUEL COST $1,036}year x 7 years = $7,232 $7,252
TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST $684.891year x 7 years = $4,794 $4,794
DEPRECIATE / RESALE COST $S 545
(LIFETIME)
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP $19,699 + $7,252 + $4,794- $3,545 = $28,200 $28,200
Table 48 - TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF TOYOTA PRIUS (2015)
Page 60
ANNUAL FUEL COST
LIFETIME FUEL COST
TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST
DEQRECIATE / RESALE COST
(LIFETIME)
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP
4.7Lf10Okm x 13,OWkm/year
= 61IL/year
611 Llyear x 1.35$/L
= $824.85/yeor
$ 825/year x 7 years = $5,775
$684.89/year x 7 years = $4, 794
$26,155 + $5,775 + $4,794 - $4,707
= $32,017
Table 49 - TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF FORD FOCUS SE (2014)
$825/year
$5,775
$4.794
$4.707
$32.017
Page 61
ANNUAL FUEL COST
LIFETIME FUEL COST
TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST
DEPRECIATE / RESALE COST
(LIFETIME)
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP
7.4L/100km x 13,000km/year
= 952L/year
$1,29F{year
962L/year x $1.35/L
= $1,298.7/yea■
$1,299/year x 7 years = $9,093 1 $9,093
$684.89/year x 7 years = $4,794 1$4,794
$2,678
$15,995 + $9,093 + $4,794 - $2,578 = $27,004 1 $27,004
Table 50 - TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF TOYOTA COROLLA (2015)
Battery ca pacity / Distance =
FUEL ECONOMY
24kWh/ 135km =
0.18kWh/km
0.177kWh/km = 0.18kWh{km
ANNUAL FUEL COST
0.18kWh/km x 13,000km/year x
$187/year
$0.03/kWh = $187.2/year
LIFETIME FUEL COST
$187.21year x 7 years = $1,3J0.4
$1,310
TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST
$278.751year x 7 years = $1,951.25
$1,951
DEPRECIATE / RESALE COST
$b 081
(LIFETIME)
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP
$33,785 + $1 ,310 + $1,951 - $6,031 = $30,968
$30r"8
Table 51 - TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF NISSAN LEAF SEV (2015)
Page 62
Battery capacity / Distance =
FUEL ECONOMY 33.5kWh/123km = 0.272 kWh/km 0.27kWh{krn
= 0.27kWhlkn?
ANNUAL FUEL COST 0.27kWh/km x 13,000km/year x $281fyear
$0,08/kWh = $280.8{year
LIFETIME FUEL COST $281/year x 7 years = $1,967 $1,967
TOTAL MAINTENANCE COST $278,75/year x 7 years = $1,95i,25 $1,951
DEPRECIATE J RESALE COST $6,515
(LIFETIME)
TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP 1 $36,199 + $1,967 + $1,951 - $6,515 = $33,602 1 $33,602
Table 52 - TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP OF FORD FOCUS EV (2015)