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HomeMy WebLinkAboutESD-001-22 Staff Report If this information is required in an alternate accessible format, please contact the Accessibility Coordinator at 905-623-3379 ext. 2131. Report To: General Government Committee Date of Meeting: January 10, 2022 Report Number: ESD-001-22 Submitted By: Mariano Perini, Director of Emergency Services Reviewed By: Andrew C. Allison, CAO By-law Number: File Number: Resolution#: Report Subject: Community Risk Assessment Recommendation: 1. That Report ESD-001-22 be received for information. Municipality of Clarington Page 2 Report ESD-001-22 Report Overview Pomax Consulting Inc was awarded a contract to prepare a Community Risk Assessment. The report has now been completed (Attachment #1) and is being presented to Committee. 1. Background 1.1 Ontario Regulation 378/18 requires each municipality to complete a Community Risk Assessment no later than July 1, 2024. 2. Discussion 2.1 Pomax Consulting, in conjunction with the development of the Master Fire Plan , was also contracted to prepare a Community Risk Assessment. 2.2 The Community Risk Assessment has been completed is being provided to Committee for information. 3. Concurrence Not Applicable. 4. Conclusion It is respectfully recommended that this Report be received for information purposes. Staff Contact: Mariano Perini, Director, Emergency and Fire Services, 905-623-5126 or mperini@clarington.net. Attachments: Attachment 1 – Community Risk Assessment Interested Parties: There are no interested parties to be notified of Council's decision. Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Municipality of Clarington Emergency & Fire Services Community Risk Assessment 2021 2 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................. 3 1. Geographic Profile ................................................................................................ 4 2. Building Stock Profile ............................................................................................ 7 3. Critical Infrastructure Profile ............................................................................... 12 4. Demographic Profile ........................................................................................... 15 5. Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................... 17 6. Public Safety Response Profile .......................................................................... 18 7. Community Services Profile ................................................................................ 19 8. Economic Profile ................................................................................................. 20 9. Past Fire Loss and Event History Profile ............................................................ 21 Conclusions/Recommendations ................................................................................ 37 Appendix A: Building Stock/Occupancy details.......................................................... 41 3 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Introduction The Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997 and subsequent Regulation 378/18 requires each Ontario municipality to complete and review a Community Risk Assessment not later than 01July 2024. The purpose of a completed and approved Community Risk Assessment (CRA) is to permit the municipality, through municipal legislation passed by Council, to make informed decisions as to the type and level of fire protection services (core services) they will provide, through the efforts of Clarington Emergency and Fire Services (CEFS) based on the identified risks. The Regulation identifies nine mandatory profiles to be assessed by the municipality during the completion of an CRA, including: 1) Geographic 2) Building Stock 3) Critical Infrastructure 4) Demographics 5) Hazards 6) Public Safety Response 7) Community Services 8) Economic 9) Past Fire Loss and Event History The Municipality of Clarington has chosen to undertake the completion of a CRA in 2021 to not only meet the requirements of the regulation but to also use the approved CRA as a resource to assist in the development of a Master Fire Plan. As outlined in Ontario Regulation 378/18, this CRA is a living document and should be updated as the needs and circumstances of the Municipality of Clarington change. It must be reviewed annually by the municipality and a CRA shall be completed every five years. Risk Risk is defined as a measure of the probability and consequence of an adverse effect to health, property, organization, environment, or community as the result of an event, activity, or operation. 4 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 1. Geographic Profile Geographic profile refers to the physical features of Clarington, including natural features and placement of infrastructure such as railways and highways. As appropriate, past and future growth and development may be included. Natural features such as Lake Ontario, the Ganaraska Forest and other aspects such as creeks, streams and unique landscape and wildland-urban interfaces should be assessed. The unique interconnectedness of human made, and natural features found within Clarington may present inherent risks that should be taken into account depending on the level of fire protection desired and with regard to emergency vehicle access, evacuation and emergency services response times. Clarington is on the eastern boundary of the Greater Toronto Area in Durham Region. The Municipality of Clarington was created in 1974 following the approval of the Regional Municipality of Durham Act by the amalgamation of the former Town of Bowmanville, the Village of Newcastle and the Townships of Clarke and Darlington. 5 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 With a population of 105,000, Clarington covers an area of approximately 612 square kilometers. There are 4 major urban centers, Bowmanville, Courtice, Newcastle and Orono and 15 hamlets. Recent studies by, the Region of Durham and the Municipality of Clarington have indicated, Clarington is expected to see significant growth in the coming years. The predicted growth will place additional demand on municipal services including fire and other emergency services. Lake Ontario Thirty kilometers of the southern border of Clarington is situated along Lake Ontario. The area represents a significant draw to the population for both li ving and recreational needs. Clarington has marinas, boat launching facilities as well as parks, recreational trails and beaches. Developers have planned and building projects are scheduled in the area of Lake Ontario. Seasonal flooding along the shores of Lake Ontario in the Municipality of Clarington is a common event and impacts municipal resources. With the influx of population anticipated over the next decade, community resources need to be examined to ensure a welcoming and safe environment Railway Lines Two railway lines run through the Municipality of Clarington. Canadian National and Canadian Pacific have tracks used by passenger and freight trains. A third set of rails will soon be in place as Metrolinx develops two additional terminals in Clarington Clarington`s location within the GTA enables commuters to travel from and transverse through the municipality of Clarington on the above noted trains. Should one or more of these trains be involved in an emergency incident, the risks are significant and should be considered. In addition to the passenger traffic, large amounts of hazardous materials are routed though the community. While the risk may be from the same transportation source, a response to either would require the use of different resources. Slow moving or stopped rail traffic may also affect response time for emergency vehicles at level crossings. Highways Four high volume major highways traverse the Municipality of Clarington. Highway 401 with a volume of 85,600 vehicles per day and Highway 407 averaging 134,000 average day trips (measured at Stevenson Road in Oshawa). Highways 418 and the 35/115 corridor also contribute to the risk of motor vehicle collisions including emergency situations that could involve the presence of hazardous materials being transported overland. Any shutdown of these major transportation routes will negatively impact commerce, not only in the municipality, but also across Ontario. 6 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 The largest urban forest in Ontario is mostly located within Clarington. Approximately 10,000 acres of this 11,000-acre forest is situated in the northern part of the municipality. This forest is visited by thousands of people each year. The regular influx of visitors and their activities in conjunction with the natural landscape pose a risk to be addressed. Ganaraska Forest -10,000 acres in Clarington Summary of Clarington Geographic Profile Risks Geographic Feature Potential Impact on the Delivery of Fire Protection Services Lake Ontario Hazards and concerns identified with having a large body of water as the southern border of the municipality, presents several risks, such as search and rescue, marine fires and flooding to address. Railway Tracks Large amounts of people and goods are transported through the municipality by rail. Risks associated with train derailments due to collisions and the dangers associated with large volumes of hazardous materials require consideration. Highways 401, 35/115, 407, 418 Highway transportation routes intersecting and traversing Clarington create significant potential risk due to motor vehicle collisions and associated dangers due to hazardous materials. 7 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Geographic Feature Potential Impact on the Delivery of Fire Protection Services Ganaraska Forest Having the largest urban forest in Ontario requires the community to address visitor safety and environment concerns such as forest fires. There is a municipal partnership associated with the Ganaraska Forest. Area Municipalities meet with staff from the Ganaraska Forest to provide updates on activities in the forest such as accidents, prescribed burns, logging etc. CEFS has hosted courses to assist fire services in forestry firefighting. MNRF is consulted and provides CEFS with annual costs for assistance using water bombers, helicopters, staff etc. 2. Building Stock Profile The rich history of the area results in a wide distribution and mixture of various types of buildings. Vintage buildings were often built without the safety standards that existed in later years, as building safety standards evolved throughout the last century. Many buildings built without the advantage of building and fire codes continue to be utilized as single-family residential housing. Most of these structures have had upgrades including plumbing, heating and electrical and would meet the safety requirements of today. New construction is built to modern building codes and when maintained, represent some of the safest structures in the municipality. Human behaviours and associated activities and processes conducted within the existing structures may also affect fire risk. Building Stock Profile Residential Occupancies in Clarington Occupancies Total Single-detached house 25,950 Apartment in building that has 5 or more stories 265 Semi-detached house 1,035 Row house 2,740 Apartment or flat in duplex 905 Apartment in a building that has less than 5 stories 1,825 Other single-attached house 40 Movable dwelling 75 TOTAL Occupied private dwellings 32,840 Source: Statistics Canada – 2016 Census 8 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Residential All recent fire deaths and injuries in Clarington have occurred in single family residential occupancies. As residential occupancies have the highest risk of fire, this means that public fire and life safety education activities should primarily focus on residential fire prevention and life safety. Currently CEFS attends various public events, distributing and sharing fire safety material and information. Tours of the fire stations and visits by CEFS staff in the community are available upon request. Station tours include a fire safety presentation whenever possible. Various public events are attended with a fire truck and/or table display with literature and staff to assist with fire safety queries. Alarmed for Life is a residential smoke and carbon monoxide alarm program that Clarington Emergency and Fire Services has been conducting since 1991. It is intended that all residential occupancies in the urban areas of Clarington be visited by duty crews at least once over a period of 3 to 5 years to ensure compliance, to the Ontario Fire Code, regarding residential working smoke and carbon monoxide alarms and to support homeowners with home escape planning. Additionally, CEFS fire prevention staff are made aware of and deal with further fire safety issues raised by fire crews and/or homeowners. Two thirds of the residents in high rise buildings in Clarington are mature residents. These occupants are within an “at risk” demographic and are encouraged by CEFS to be aware and participate in safe practices and develop escape plans. The anticipated growth in the Municipality should be matched with an appropriate level of public education and fire prevention activity. According to the 2020 Watson and Associates Economists Ltd. development charges report for Clarington, approximately 13,700 dwelling units and an unspecified number of associated mercantile/personal services, industrial and other buildings will be added to the building stock profile over the next decade. This growth includes a projected concomitant population growth of approximately 40,000 residents. All Clarington Buildings The chart below shows an estimated inventory of the number of buildings presently in the Municipality of Clarington. Buildings in Clarington Building Type # of Bldgs High Rise Residential 3 Low Rise Residential 46 Single/Town Residential 29725 Farms 672 Seasonal / Cottage 69 9 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Building Type # of Bldgs Seniors/Retirement 7 Industrial 108 Gas Stations/Auto Repair 45 Restaurants 129 Nursing Home/Hospital 5 Assembly 28 Hotels/Motels 8 Schools 40 Offices 74 Group Homes 8 Day Care Centers 31 Commercial 346 Churches/Worship 43 Source: Municipality of Clarington High Hazard Industrial Occupancies: Ten F1 or High hazard occupancies are located in Clarington and are inspected on an annual basis. these occupancies include auto body repair facilities. These facilities pose a higher-than-average risk of fire as six of these occupancies include the operation of paint spray booths. Clarington has not experienced any fires related to paint spray booths. Other High Hazard Occupancies: A commercial enterprise located at 11 Caristrap Street is considered high hazard because it processes flammable material. The facility is inspected annually and to- date there have been no fires at this location. A company at 322 Bennett Road collects hazardous materials and applies processes to neutralize the hazardous components to render the material safe. This site is considered high risk as the volume of material on site at any one time may not be known. This site has suffered fires in 2006 and 2018. A large propane distribution 40 Port Darlington Road is considered high risk due to the storage and transfer of propane. There was a large propane fire at this location in November 2004. Vulnerable Occupancies There are 13 identified vulnerable occupancies, such as hospitals and Long-Term Care facilities in Clarington. These facilities inherently have a high-risk potential as the occupants may have difficulty evacuating the building during a fire or other emergency. All vulnerable occupancies are inspected annually to ensure they comply with the Ontario Fire Code. As required by the Fire Code all vulnerable occupancies are sprinklered. 10 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Vulnerable Occupancies Facility Name Location Bowmanville Creek 105 Queen Street Christian Horizons 2802 Highway 2 Community Living 4794 Old Scugog Rd Community Living 6758 Enfield Rd Community Living 706 Holt Rd Fosterbrooke Long Term Care 330 King Avenue West Glenhill Strathaven Long Term Care 264 King Street East Harmony Estate 3589 Tooley Rd Lakeridge Health Bowmanville 47 Liberty Street South Seasons Retirement 65 Clarington Blvd The Participation House 258 West Scugog Lane White Cliffe Terrace 1460 Highway 2 11 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Fire Risk Occupancy Classification Issues/Concerns Probability Consequence Risk Level Group A Assembly Number of occupants and evacuation Unlikely Major Moderate Group B Detention Occupants confined Rare Moderate Low Risk Care & Treatment Occupants' ability to evacuate Unlikely Major Moderate Group C Single Family Majority of fire deaths occur in this occupancy Almost Certain Moderate High Multi-Unit Majority of fire deaths occur in this occupancy Almost Certain Moderate High Hotel/Motel Unfamiliar with exits Possible Moderate Moderate Mobile Homes Fast fire extension Rare Moderate Low Risk Other N/A N/A N/A N/A Group D &E Service/ Mercantile Age of buildings. Likely Moderate Moderate Group F Industrial Dangerous Processes Likely Moderate Moderate Other Farms Lack of firefighting water. Long response time Almost Certain Minor Moderate 12 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Ontario Power Generation Darlington Nuclear Clarington works closely with Ontario Power Generation (OPG) Darlington Nuclear to ensure fire risks are managed and fire hazards eliminated. The facility falls under the jurisdiction of the National Fire Code but the Ontario Fire Code is also reviewed with the more stringent code complied with. OPG is the largest employer in Clarington with 2,500 employees. The predominant hazard at OPG is associated with a radiation release/exposure, fire although a high hazard is secondary. Darlington Nuclear Generation Station (OPG) 3. Critical Infrastructure Profile Critical Infrastructure profile refers to the facilities or services that contribute to the interconnected networks, services, and systems that meet vital human needs, sustain the economy, and protect public safety and security (examples include electricity production and distribution, water distribution, telecommunications, hospitals, and airports). Water distribution system Water for firefighting is supplied by the Region of Durham by pumping stations. One is located in Oshawa that supplies Courtice, one in Bowmanville and one is located in Newcastle. Orono uses its own water from underground sources for their fire hydrants. Clarington has tanker trucks to transport firefighting water to fires in a rural area without fire hydrants or should an urban area fire hydrant system become compromised. 13 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Clarington Water Distribution Bowmanville and Newcastle Water Supply Plants 14 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Electrical Supply A 500/230 KV hydro transformer station is located in Enfield. Clarington TS is the principal power supply source for the east GTA region load. Any damage to this transformer station may cause power outages if the remaining transformer stations cannot keep up with added demand. The Clarington transformer station covers the electricity needs of the majority of Clarington. The remaining points of Clarington are served by the Napanee transformer station as seen by the red line on the above map. Although fires may be rare at transformer facilities in Clarington, the risk posed is substantial. Clarington TS From Napanee T.S. 15 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Hospital Bowmanville Memorial Hospital is a partner in the Lakeridge Health group, Lakeridge Health operates five hospitals and other facilities in the Durham region. Systems are in place to redistribute patients, should this site be unable to accept patients or the site requires evacuation. Clarington Critical Infrastructure Profile Risks Identified Critical Infrastructure Issues / Concerns Viridian / Hydro One Electricity Distribution Hydro distribution system is not only critical to the delivery of emergency services, but also to the ongoing requirements for commerce throughout the GTA. Bowmanville Memorial Hospital Consideration is required should an emergency occur on site or the hospital is compromised because of a remote emergency. Telecommunications Communication in the event of an emergency is important to both the public and to emergency service providers. Durham Region Works Water Department Stable water supply for the safe secure drinking water for the residents and firefighting. 4. Demographic Profile Municipal services, including fire protection, should be tailored to the community being served with the understanding that a municipality may have multiple communities within its borders. CEFS needs to examine and understand the demographics of the community to provide appropriate services. 16 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Demographic profile refers to the composition of the community considering such factors as population size and dispersion, age, gender, cultural background, level of education, socio-economic make-up, and transient population. Awareness and understanding of unique needs and circumstances gained from the various demographics in Clarington helps ensure fire protection, in accordance with the Three Lines of Defence, is delivered in the most relevant and meaningful ways with the greatest positive impact. Awareness of the characteristics of the population in the community assists the fire department to determine if specific segments of the population are at high -risk of fire instances or higher risk of fire related injury and to tailor public education and prevention/enforcement activities accordingly. Clarington Population 2016 Ages of Population Number % of Population Ontario Average 0-14 17,155 18% 16% 15-65 62,245 68% 67% 65 and over 12,615 14% 17% Total Population 92,015 100% 13,448,495 Source: Statistics Canada The chart above shows the age group of children up to age 14 comprises 18% of Clarington’s population. The larger percentage can be attributed to young families choosing to locate in Clarington because of the affordability of housing compared to the rest of the GTA. Another population grouping accounts for the greatest number of fire fatalities in Clarington is seniors. The percentage of the population being age 65 and older in Clarington is approximately 14%. This has increased from 10% in an earlier Census. Our aging population requires additional public fire and life safety education and fire prevention efforts to ensure their safety. Indeed, the largest demographic segment known as “baby boomers” is aging and Clarington has a large planned exclusive adult community known as Wilmot Creek. The public education activities of CEFS are concentrated on family fire safety to address the high percentage demographic of children and young families. Family Safety Day is on the last Saturday in September at Fire Station 1. It is suited for families who can visit displays from safety agencies including Fire, Police and Emergency Medical Services and other community partners. The latest Statistics Canada report indicates that 99.7% of Clarington residents speak English and/or French. Approximately 250 residents, or 0.3%, of residents speak neither English or French. Fire safety information continues to be made available in both official languages. Where English or French is not the first language spoken, fire safety information can be made available in several other languages as identified during interaction with the public or upon request. 17 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 According to the 2020 Watson and Associates Economists Ltd. development charges report for Clarington, a projected population growth of approximately 40,000 residents will occur by 2031 living in an additional 13,700 dwelling units. 5. Hazard Profile Hazard Profile Risks in Clarington Identified Hazard Probability Consequence Assigned Risk Level Flood Almost Certain Minor Moderate Ice Storm Possible Moderate Moderate Radiation Leak OPG Rare Catastrophic Moderate Propane Explosion Rare Moderate Low Risk Fire Emergencies Almost Certain Moderate High Risk Flood: There is a history of flooding from Lake Ontario at Cedar Beach Crest Road. Clarington has a Flood Response Plan. The municipality has purchased a sand bagging machine and has a list of volunteers ready to sandbag. The Clarington works department is also available to assist with mitigating this risk. Ice Storm: There is always a possibility of an ice storm occurring in the winter months. A significant concern is motor vehicle collisions and Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning if residents use fuel fired generators indoors if the household power is interrupted. Radiation Leak OPG: During an emergency CEFS will support the Darlington Generating Station Industrial Fire Brigade and be guided by Emergency Management Ontario on appropriate actions. CEFS will not take part in the door-to-door evacuations. The Darlington Nuclear Generating Station is covered under the Provincial Nuclear Emergency Response Plan (PNERP) and is supported by the Durham Region Nuclear Emergency Plan. The PNERP requires that each designated municipality under the plan form a Nuclear Emergency Management Coordinating Committee. The Durham Region Emergency Management Coordinating Committee (DEMCC) will consider nuclear emergency planning and preparedness as part of its mandate and thus will meet the obligations of the Provincial plan. Propane Explosion: Department Policy 6.307 Hazardous Materials is in place and CEFS will develop an additional Department policy to address propane explosions. Fire Emergencies: CEFS has various Department policies in effect to address the prevention and response to fire emergencies. 18 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 6. Public Safety Response Profile Clarington Public Safety Response Profile Risks Identified Public Safety Response Agency Types of Incidents they respond to Their role at the incident Issues / Concerns Durham Regional Police Service (DRPS) Motor Vehicle Collision’s (MVC) Fire emergencies Marine emergencies Scene control Traffic control and assist CEFS with fire investigation Marine based search & rescue Common inter-agency awareness and incident command training between fire and police services Durham Region Emergency Medical Services (DREMS) Medical emergencies MVC’s Fire emergencies Transport patients to hospital Provide pre-hospital medical care Standby and perform rehabilitation for firefighters at fire calls Common inter-agency awareness, and incident command training between fire and DREMS OPG Industrial Fire Brigade (IFB) Fire and emergency incidents at Darlington Nuclear Generating Station (OPG) OPG IFB establishes command and operational control to mitigate emergency incidents Common inter-agency training (especially Incident Management System training) between OPG IFB and Clarington Emergency Fire Services (CEFS) as CEFS provides supporting role to the IFB at OPG Ontario Volunteer Emergency Response Team (OVERT) Search and Rescue Assist in search and rescue incidents Common inter-agency Incident Command System (ICS) training between OVERT and CEFS Most emergency responses by CEFS are of a medical nature. CEFS firefighters receive intensive intermediate emergency medical response training when hired and participate in refresher courses twice a year. Mock exercises and other cooperative training opportunities are held at and in conjunction with OPG Darlington Nuclear Generating Station on a regular basis throughout the year. This allows Clarington Emergency and Fire Services to train with the OPG Industrial Fire Brigade. 19 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 7. Community Services Profile Community Service Agencies Types of assistance they provide Issues/ Concerns Red Cross Provide temporary shelter for displaced persons Requires initial and maintenance of formal agreement. Provide awareness training for Red Cross and CEFS staff Salvation Army Provide refreshments at emergency scenes for CEFS and other emergency services staff None – requires ongoing relationship Durham Social Services Provide assistance and other supports for displaced persons Requires awareness training for CEFS staff Lions Club Financial assistance for public education projects None – requires ongoing relationship Rotary Club Financial assistance for public education None – requires ongoing relationship 2-1-1 Ontario Helpline and online database of Ontario's community and social services Requires maintenance of formal agreement and database involvement by Municipality of Clarington. Provide awareness training for CEFS staff Enbridge Gas Provide donations of smoke and carbon monoxide alarms for residential dwelling units None. Requires program application to Enbridge for consideration of donation At fire and emergency scenes CEFS depends on the Salvation Army to provide refreshments to the firefighters. The Red Cross and Durham Region social services provide temporary shelter and other supports and information to persons displaced from their home due to fire. Community clubs and organizations such as the Lions and Rotary Clubs have partnered with CEFS to provide funds to purchase public education materials and smoke alarms. Enbridge Gas has donated 500 CO/Smoke alarms to CEFS for free distribution in the community. 20 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 8. Economic Profile Clarington Economic Profile Risks Identified Occupancy Key Risk Probability Consequence Assigned Risk Level Darlington Nuclear Nuclear Rare Catastrophic Moderate Risk Municipality of Clarington Fire Possible Moderate Moderate Bowmanville Hospital Fire Possible Major Moderate Risk Algoma Orchards Fire Low Minor Minor Risk St Mary’s Cement Fire Possible Minor Moderate Risk The largest employer in Clarington is Ontario Power Generation’s (OPG) Darlington Nuclear Generating Station. OPG has 2,500 employees and has plans to move its head office from Toronto to Clarington in the near future. This could add another 2000 staff to the OPG Clarington campus area. An event at OPG Darlington may not necessarily pose a nuclear radiation issue. Any closure of the facility would have a significant negative effect on the local economy of Clarington. Small fires at the facility that have occurred were quickly extinguished and put under control. The second largest employer in Clarington is the Municipality of Clarington with 700 employees. Most employees work at the municipal offices while the remainder are spread out across the municipality. Business continuity plans are a top priority for the Municipality of Clarington. The Bowmanville-Lakeridge Health hospital has approximately 370 employees. Any disruption here would force patients to attend or potentially be transferred to Oshawa- Lakeridge Health hospital or Northumberland Hills Hospital. Algoma Orchards is an apple farming, packing, and juice bottling company which employs approximately 130 people and is the largest agricultural employer in Clarington. There have been no interior fires at the Algoma Orchards processing plant. St. Mary’s Cement employs approximately 120 people. There have been fires at this facility in the past. 21 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 9. Past Fire Loss and Event History Profile 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Occupancy Classification # of Fires $ Loss Injuries Deaths # of Fires $ Loss Injuries Deaths # of Fires $ Loss Injuries Deaths # of Fires $ Loss Injuries Deaths # of Fires $ Loss Injuries Deaths Group A Assembly 2 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Group B Detention 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Care & Treatment 0 0 0 0 1 10000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Group C Residential 31 3050800 2 1 24 5450008 4 0 23 1022700 1 0 29 1730450 1 0 28 1410962 6 1 Mobile Homes Trailers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Group D & E Service/ Mercantile 2 140000 0 0 2 100500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2500 0 0 4 80100 0 0 Group F Industrial 2 175000 0 0 1 75000 0 0 2 2500500 0 0 1 6500 0 0 3 210000 0 0 Other Farms/Other 5 94500 0 0 4 262000 0 0 1 8500 0 0 6 285000 0 0 4 306000 0 0 TOTALS 42 3462300 2 1 32 5897508 4 0 3531700 1 0 37 2024450 1 0 39 2077062 6 1 22 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Building Stock Profile Risks Occupancy Classification Issues/Concerns Probability Consequence Risk Level Group A Assembly Number of occupants/evacuations Unlikely Major Moderate Group B Detention Occupants confined Rare Moderate Low Risk Care & Treatment Occupants' ability to evacuate Unlikely Major Moderate Group C Single Family Fire deaths have occurred in this occupancy Almost Certain Moderate High Multi-Unit Fire deaths have occurred in this occupancy Almost Certain Moderate High Hotel/Motel Unfamiliar with exits Possible Moderate Moderate Mobile Homes Fast fire extension Possible Moderate Moderate Other N/A N/A N/A Group D &E Service/ Mercantile Age of buildings. Likely Moderate Moderate Group F Industrial Dangerous Processes Likely Moderate Moderate Other Farms Lack of firefighting water. Long response time Almost Certain Minor Moderate 23 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Treatment Options for Top Risks in Clarington Mandatory Profiles Top Risks or Issues/Concerns Preferred Treatment Geographic Lake Ontario Water/Ice rescue boat fires, flooding Mitigate Risk - Clarington is not responsible for services on Lake Ontario. The Coast Guard and DRPS supply assets to respond to Lake Ontario. Should CEFS assistance be required it is covered under Department Policy identified in policy 6.310 Water or Ice Rescue Response. Implement Clarington Flood Response Plan The municipality should review how it wants to address hazards associated with Lake Ontario through an on-going basis. Railways Emergency incidents involving train traffic, stopped or slow-moving trains Mitigate Risk - CEFS Department Policy 6.326 addresses Railway Emergency response protocols. Engage with rail companies to share schedules allowing dispatchers to dispatch and inform resources such as 911 about hot box occurrences, level crossing blockages etc.. Review and revise policy as needed. Ensure communications are immediately available should an emergency occur, stopped or slow-moving rail traffic does not impede emergency response vehicles Fire Service personnel be engaged in the development stages of Metro-Linx facilities and routes 24 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Treatment Options for Top Risks in Clarington Mandatory Profiles Top Risks or Issues/Concerns Preferred Treatment Highways Accept Risk – Costs of response to motor vehicle collisions are reviewed annually. CEFS has agreement with MTO to bill for service on provincial highways and municipal legislation is in place covering response to regional and municipal road MVCs. Mitigate Risk – Clarington has detailed municipal legislation dealing with the fiscal aspects of emergency response to motor vehicle collisions. Develop a partnership with highway maintenance company to ensure the safety of emergency scene (blocker vehicles). Ganaraska Forest Mitigate Risk – maintain relationship with associated municipal partners associated with the forest and monitor/evaluate activities of the public for emergency response trends. Review and monitor emergency response protocols, firefighter training and public education The Municipality should enhance partnership with the stewards of the Ganaraska Forest to equip and train for the risks associated with fire and rescues in the forest. Explore the possibility of MNRF involvement during an emergency. Building Stock F-Industrial – Hazardous Materials. Explosions Mitigate Risks – Pub Ed, Fire Inspections, Preplanning, engage fire suppression crews E – Mercantile – Dangers of type of stock Mitigate Risks – Pub Ed, Fire Inspections, Preplanning, engage fire suppression crews 25 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Treatment Options for Top Risks in Clarington Mandatory Profiles Top Risks or Issues/Concerns Preferred Treatment D- Personal Service Mitigate Risks – Pub Ed, Fire Inspections, Preplanning, engage fire suppression crews C- Residential – this occupancy has most fire deaths/injuries Mitigate Risks – Pub Ed, Smoke & CO Alarm Program, Preplanning, engage fire suppression crews B- Institutional – Difficult Evacuation Mitigate Risks – Pub Ed, Fire Inspections, Preplanning, engage fire suppression crews A- Assembly – High number of persons in building Mitigate Risks – Pub Ed, Fire Inspections, Preplanning, engage fire suppression crews Critical Infrastructure Electricity Distribution – CO poisoning Mitigate – Response protocols, Pub Ed, Smoke & CO Program Memorial Hospital Fire Mitigate – Response protocols, Pub Ed, Fire Inspections, Drills, Pre-Incident planning/training. Telecommunications Mitigate Risk – Response protocols, SOG’s and activities Durham Region Water Works- hydrants disabled Accept Risk – Response protocols, SOG’s and activities Demographic Older Adults – mobility. senses Mitigate – Targeted Pub Ed programing, develop partnerships with agencies already engaged with older demographic, develop targeted inspection program Children – Lack of fire safety knowledge Mitigate – Pub Ed, age-appropriate, targeted programs fire inspections, engage school boards for partnerships 26 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Treatment Options for Top Risks in Clarington Mandatory Profiles Top Risks or Issues/Concerns Preferred Treatment Hazard Flood Mitigate Risk – Public Education, limit development in flood prone areas, Response protocols and activities Electrical Outage Mitigate Risk – Response protocols, SOG’s and activities Radiation Leak OPG Mitigate Risk – Develop agreements, response protocols, public education & early warning, SOG’s. Guided by Provincial and Durham nuclear response plans Public Safety Response Police – Fire investigations Accept Risk – Response protocols, SOG’s & training EMS – Assist with pre-hospital care Accept Risk – Response protocols, SOG’s & training OPG Fire Brigade assistance by CEFS Accept Risk – Response protocols, SOG’s & training Community Service Agencies Red Cross – temporary shelter for victims Accept Risk – SOG & awareness training Salvation Army- on scene refreshments Accept Risk - SOG, awareness training Durham Social Services- assistance Accept Risk – SOG’s & awareness training Lions Club – financial assistance for pub ed Accept Risk – Enhance relationship/partnership Rotary Club – financial assistance for pub ed Accept Risk – Enhance relationship/partnership 27 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Treatment Options for Top Risks in Clarington Mandatory Profiles Top Risks or Issues/Concerns Preferred Treatment Economic Darlington Nuclear Generating Station Mitigate – Pub Ed, fire inspections, Pre-Incident Plan (PIP) Bowmanville Memorial Hospital Mitigate- Pub Ed, fire inspections, PIP Nursing Homes Mitigate- Pub Ed, fire inspections, PIP Propane Facility Mitigate- Pub Ed, fire inspections, PIP Past Loss and History Group C – Single Family Homes, highest risk Mitigate- Pub Ed, CO/Smoke alarm program, home escape planning Group C- Multi Unit Dwellings high risk Mitigate- Pub Ed, fire inspections, PIP Group E – Older downtown buildings Mitigate- Pub Ed, fire inspections, PIP Group F1 – High hazard industrial Mitigate- Pub Ed, fire inspections, PIP 28 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Fire Statistics in Clarington The following statistical information is taken from Standard Incident Reports (SIR) submitted to the Office of the Fire Marshal and Emergency Management (OFMEM) by Clarington Emergency and Fire Services (CEFS). The OFMEM compiles the fire loss statistics for each municipal fire department and makes them available to the municipalities. The OFMEM data presented in this Community Risk Assessment is for the years 2015 to 2019. Source: OFMEM Standard Incident Report Data1 There is no discernable significant decrease in the number of fires in Clarington for the period 2015-2019. Structure Fire Dollar Loss The overwhelming majority of fires for which a dollar loss was reported in Clarington was for the residential or ‘C’ occupancy. The value of fire loss reported for structure fires for the period 2015 – 2019 was $12,664,920 and accounts for 75% of the overall dollar loss due to structure fires in Clarington. 42 32 26 37 39 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Number of Structure Fires 29 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Source: OFMEM Standard Incident Report Data Occupancy Classification 2015 to 2019 # of Fires Dollars Group A Assembly 2 2000 Group B Institutional 1 10,000 Group C Residential 135 12,664,920 Groups D & E Service/Retail 9 323,100 Group F Industrial 9 2,967,000 Structures not Classified 11 70,000 Agricultural 9 886,000 Totals 176 16,923,020 Source: OFMEM Standard Incident Report Data Residential type occupancies account for 77% of the structure fires in Clarington. $2,967,000 $243,000 $12,664,920 $956,000 Fire Dollar Loss by Occupancy 2015-2019 Industrial Mercantile/Business Residential Agriculture 30 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Source: OFMEM Standard Incident Report Data Current Public Fire and Life Safety Programming The current public fire and life safety education activities of the Municipality of Clarington Emergency and Fire Services concentrate on family fire safety in order to address the high percentage demographic of children and young families and the fact that fires which result in injury and death in Clarington occur in residential occupancies. School have at least one copy of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Risk Watch which is an injury prevention-based curriculum. Level 1 of the NFPA ‘Learn Not To Burn’ school curriculum is also available in elementary schools and is supported by CEFS upon request of teachers. A Fire Safety House, mobile educational trailer, attends schools and community events on a request basis. The Alarmed for Life Program, (See Department Policy 6.508) is operated on a seasonal basis, from June to September. Alarmed For Life is a public education and fire prevention program where full and part-time fire fighters visit homes to ensure working smoke and carbon monoxide alarms, as required under the Ontario Fire Code, and home fire escape plans are in place. Family Safety Day is on the last Saturday in September at Fire Station 1. It is suited for families who can visit displays from safety agencies including Fire, Police and Emergency Medical Services. A continuing concern is our older and mature adults. The large “baby boomers” demographic are continuing to increase this age-related demographic. Clarington also has a large planned exclusive adult community, Wilmot Creek. Clarington Fire concentrates on 2 1 135 9 9 20 # of Fires 2015-2019 Assembly Care/Detention Residential Retail Industrial Farms/other 31 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 the Alarmed for Life and the Older and Wiser programs to address this high -risk demographic segment. Department Policy #6.502 – Frequency of Fire Safety Inspections, is in place for the inspection frequency of the different types of occupancies in Clarington. Vulnerable Occupancies are required to be inspected annually. Rooming, Boarding and Group Homes are inspected annually. High Hazard F1 Occupancies are inspected every 2 years while Medium and Low hazard industrial occupancies are inspected every 15 years. Hotels and Motels are inspected every 3 years. Apartments, schools, restaurants, community halls are on a 5 year rotation. Churches are inspected every 10 years. Residential properties continue to be the largest property class where fires occur. The fire deaths in 2015 and 2019 occurred in residential occupancies. Barn fires are categorized as agricultural. Assembly occupancy fires consisted of a restaurant and an abandoned school building. Fire Cause for 2015-2019 The leading cause of fires in Clarington, for which a cause is known, is associated with the use of appliances and cooking. The second largest cause of fires in Clarington is associated with heating equipment. The #3 cause of fires in Clarington is linked to smoking. Arson and vandalism were the cause of 15 fires in Clarington. Fifteen structure fires in Clarington were caused due to the exposure to other nearby fires. Clarington Emergency and Fire Services were not able to determine the cause for 35 (20%) of the structure fires in Clarington for the years 2015-2019. For comparison purposes, careless cooking is the number one cause of fires across the province of Ontario. The number 2 and 3 causes of fires provincially are heating/appliances and electrical distribution fires. 32 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Note: There were 35 fires with an ‘Undetermined’ cause for 2015-2019 Source: OFMEM Standard Incident Report Data Fire Deaths and injuries There were two structure fire deaths and six structure fire related injuries over the period of 2015-2019. All of the deaths and injuries occurred in residential type structure fires. One of the six injuries during this time period was experienced by a Clarington firefighter. There were two fire fatalities from 2015 to 2019. These deaths show that Clarington’s fire death rate is higher compared to the provincial death rate of 6.0 per million during the same period. The provincial death rate has decreased from 8.5 in 2000 to 4.6 in 2019. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Appliances/Cooking Heating Smoking Miscellaneous Exposures Arson/Vandalism Electrical/Lighting Electrical/Mechanical Number of Fires TypeFire Cause for 2015-2019 33 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Occupancy Classification and Fire Deaths/Injuries 2015 to 2019 Occupancy Classification 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 D I D I D I D I D I Group A Assembly 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Group B Institutional 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Group C Residential 1 2 0 4 0 1 0 1 1 6 Groups D & E Commercial 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Group F Industrial 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Misc. Structures 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Total Deaths / Injuries 1 2 0 5 0 1 0 3 1 8 Source: OFMEM Standard Incident Report Data It is clear from past fire loss statistics that Clarington’s occupancy with the highest risk is the ‘C’ or residential occupancy. Therefore, significant effort and resources should be applied to promoting fire safety in residential occupancies through the first two lines of fire safety defence, namely, public fire and life safety education and fire prevention safety inspections and appropriate code enforcement. Public Fire and Life Safety Education Programs in Clarington The following programs have been implemented in the Municipality of Clarington:  Alarmed for Life – Smoke and carbon monoxide alarm Program – seasonally each year, June to September, under Department policy #6.508  Learn Not to Burn – Fire Department partnership with local elementary schools  Risk Watch – a former NFPA school based life safety and injury prevention curriculum  TAPP-C – Juvenile Arson Prevention Program – on request or court mandated  Public displays at community events – on request  Family Safety Day – Annual open house at CEFS Station 1 hosting interactive displays with fire and life safety-oriented organizations  In-service training for vulnerable occupancy staff - upon request  Portable fire extinguisher training- on request 34 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21  Mobile Fire Safety House - on request  ‘Older and Wiser’ – a mature adult fire safety program - on request  ‘Remembering When’ – mature adult fire and falls prevention program - on request  Fire safety presentations - on request under Department policy #6.510 Fire Inspections and Code Enforcement The following activities are ongoing and performed or facilitated by CEFS fire prevention personnel:  Fire safety (Fire Code) Inspections upon request/complaint and as established under Department Policy # 6.501 ‘Mandatory Assessment of Complaints and Requests for Approval’  Vulnerable Occupancy inspections and fire safety exercises on an annual basis as required under the Ontario Fire Code  Scheduled routine fire code inspections of various businesses and industrial sites under Department Policy #6.502 ‘Frequency of Fire Safety Inspections’  Pre-Incident Planning and site familiarizations under Department Policy #6.504 ‘Pre-Planning and Familiarization’  Annual review of Fire Safety plans as required under the Ontario Fire Code  In-service (fire safety checks) completed by duty crews under Department Policy #6.503 ‘Risk-Based Evaluation Program Policy’  Fire investigations under Department Policy # 6.500 ‘Delegated Authority Emergency Response Clarington has five fire stations within the Municipality to provide the best emergency response and cover of a large geographic area (611 km2) and a current population of approximately 105,000. Every fire station has at least a pumper and a tanker truck. Additional pumper trucks, aerial trucks, rescue trucks and specialized equipment are located throughout the Municipality to assist in emergency operations. Station 1 (Headquarters) Located at 2430 Highway 2 in Bowmanville, Station 1 is a composite fire station with full-time and volunteer firefighters. Station 1 is also home to administration, fire prevention, mechanical and training staff. Station 2 is located at 3333 Highway 2 in Newcastle, Station 2 is a composite fire station with full-time and volunteer firefighters. 35 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Station 3 is located at 5708 Main Street in Orono and is staffed by volunteer firefighters. Station 4 is located at 2611 Trulls Road Courtice, Station 4 is a composite fire station with full-time and volunteer firefighters. Station 5 is located at 2354 Concession Road 8 in Enniskillen and is staffed by volunteer firefighters. Emergency response by Clarington Emergency and Fire Services is authorised under the Establishing and Regulating By-law #2017-033. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Confirmed Structure Fires Vehicle Fires Water/Ice Rescue Rope Rescue Haz Materials - Major Haz Materials- Minor Confined Space Rescue Emergency Responses 2016 to 2020 11277 2523 Motor Vehicle Collisions and Medical Related Calls 2016-2020 Medical related calls Motor Vehicle Collisions 36 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Statistics for the years 2016 – 2020 available from Clarington Emergency and Fire Services indicate that the vast majority of emergency responses by CEFS have historically been medical related and motor vehicle collisions respectively. CEFS responded to 295 vehicle fires during those years and were present at 176 structure fires. CEFS responded to comparatively fewer rescue and hazardous material type emergencies compared to structure and vehicle fires and medical related calls. Interestingly, CEFS responded to only one confined space rescue, in the past five years and has attended about 2 water/ice rescue calls and one rope rescue call in each of those years. The graphics below detail the medical related and Motor vehicle Collisions responses that CEFS conducted for the five-year period 2016-2020. They show a significant and continuing downward trend in response to these calls due to the impact of the medical response criteria established during the Covid-19 Pandemic and perhaps less vehicles on the road during lockdowns. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Responses to Medical Related Calls 2016 to 2020 37 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Conclusions/Recommendations The Municipality of Clarington continues to provide fire protection services as mandated under the Fire Protection and Prevention Act (FPPA) and the associated municipal Establishing and Regulating By-law #2017-033. The Clarington Emergency and Fire Services are generally organised under the Three Lines of Defence and include: 1. Public Fire and Life Safety Education 2. Fire Prevention and Code Enforcement 3. Fire and Emergency Response Based upon the information and recommendations contained in this Community Risk Assessment and the concurrent 2021 municipal Fire Master Plan, the existing Establishing and Regulating Bylaw should be revised and approved by Council to update the core services which are to be delivered to residents of Clarington by CEFS. The core services should be formally aligned and prioritized under the fire service Three Lines of Defence. Based upon statistics for the years 2015 to 2019, residential type occupancies continue to be the highest fire risk. Residences are where most injuries and all deaths occur in Clarington. A more focused approach to addressing fire prevention and fire and life safety education efforts must be directed to this type of occupancy. The leading cause of fires in Clarington is associated with the use of appliances and cooking. Heating equipment is the second largest cause of fires in Clarington and the third highest cause of fires in Clarington is linked to smoking. Arson and vandalism were the cause of 15 fires in Clarington. Fifteen structure fires in Clarington were caused due to the exposure to other nearby fires. 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Responses to Motor Vehicle Collisions 2016 to 2020 38 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Seniors/older adults continue to be the identified highest risk demographic group followed by Clarington’s youth. The robust collection of emergency response data and public fire safety education and fire prevention/code enforcement data along with enhanced use of narrative emergency incident ‘outcomes’ should be a primary focus of CEFS. Analysis of and an associated quality assurance program related to data and statistics associated with the Three Lines of Defence will provide valuable information to CEFS to be able to target public fire and life safety education and fire prevention programming and align precious emergency response resources, especially as significant expected population and building stock growth occurs. Public Fire and Life Safety Education The following adjustments to public fire and life safety education should be considered under the auspices of this Community Risk Assessment to enhance this important aspect of public safety:  a formal and distinct public fire and life safety education division should be established within the Clarington Emergency and Fire Services to address the continuing high occurrence of fires in residential occupancies. This new division will also be well established then, as the expected population growth of approximately 45% comes into play over the next decade and beyond  establish a community based (municipal, provincial and federal) public fire and life safety education committee. The committee may be empowered to make recommendations to CEFS regarding goals and objectives.  implement an on-going comprehensive fire response statistical review program for the purposes of analysing fire response data to targe t identified trends to be addressed by public fire and life safety programming  implement and track online homeowner-initiated fire prevention inspection self- checklist  implement and monitor annual public oriented fire and life safety online surveys a  establish a social media campaign which details “Lessons learned from recent fires”  enhance various social media information and awareness posts and incorporate the above suggestions on a regular basis  implement tracked environmental scanning regarding public fire and life safety education efforts and programming provided by CEFS  increase the council approved funding for public fire and life safety education materials , props, and staff training regarding public fire and life safety education  replace the former NFPA Risk Watch life safety and injury prevention program to continue and enhance the focus on a reduction in residential fires  implement the use of homeowner/tenant fire safety based self -checklists 39 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21  revitalize the existing Alarmed For Life smoke and carbon monoxide alarm program to a four season (year-round) basis to strive for 100% residential alarm compliance within the Municipality of Clarington  enhancing the agency partnership base of Family Safety Day to include fire safety educational workshops/seminars and take-home information with agencies such as railway police, 2-1-1 Ontario and TAPP-C representatives Fire Prevention and Code Enforcement The following adjustments to fire prevention and code enforcement should be considered under the auspices of this Community Risk Assessment to enhance public safety through the second line of defence:  the Pre-incident planning program, under Department Policy #6.504 ‘Pre- Planning and Familiarization’, should be reviewed and revised to include the use of available and future technology for the gathering of information and production of readily available pre-incident plans during emergency response and training for all firefighters. Pre-incident Plans should be reviewed for currency and accuracy on a regular basis. Relevant and applicable portions, identified by CEFS staff, contained within NFPA 1620: Standard for Pre-Incident Planning should be utilised by CEFS  specific Pre-Incident Plan response protocols should be developed for each critical infrastructure identified in the Critical Infrastructure profile  revise Department Policy #6.503 ‘Risk-Based Evaluation Program Policy’ and acquire requisite documentation and training for company officers and acting company officers, and qualified volunteer firefighters to conduct ‘low level’ public fire safety (Ontario Fire Code) inspections under the guidance and supervision of the fire prevention division  establish a Department Policy, utilising business process mapping, for implementation of a robust fire and explosion investigation program, for all CEFS officers and acting officers  implement a more robust, yet educationally supported and balanced, fire code compliance enforcement program under the Alarmed For life program  implement an on-going comprehensive fire response statistical review program for the purposes of analysing fire response data to target identified trends to be addressed by enhanced fire prevention inspections (including inspection frequency) and associated code enforcement  Increased engagement with Planning and Development and Building departments during development or redevelopment activities Emergency Response The third line of defence could be made more effective and efficient through consideration, under the auspices of this Community Risk Assessment, of the following items: 40 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21  due to the low number of ‘low frequency/high risk’ rescue type emergencies experienced by the Municipality of Clarington, revise the core services authorised by the Council of the Municipality of Clarington under the Establishing and Regulating by-law and consider providing desired operational and technical level specialty services such as: o rope (high and low angle) rescue, o hazardous materials responses, o water and ice rescue o HUSAR o confined space and o trench rescue  under external third-party agreements. CEFS personnel would continue to provide the identified services above at the ‘awareness’ level.  implement an on-going comprehensive statistical review and quality assurance program for the purposes of analysing fire response data to target identified trends to be addressed by CEFS regarding emergency response needs as expected growth in population and building stock occurs.  CEFS should implement a robust training industry standard Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) process for the purpose of establishing a fully vetted, council approved and funded training program for all firefighters  CEFS should develop and issue Clarington centric design guidelines for fire access and emergency access routes due to expected population and building stock growth over the next decade and to address any current fire and emergency vehicle access concerns. 41 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 Appendix A: Building Stock/Occupancy details 42 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 43 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 44 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 45 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 46 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 47 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 48 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 49 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 50 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 51 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 52 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 53 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 54 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 55 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21 56 Attachment 1 to Report ESD-001-21