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Report To: General Government Committee
Date of Meeting: November 7, 2016
Report Number: CLD-032-16 Resolution: GG-546-16
File Number: By-law Number
Report Subject: Changes to the Municipal Elections Act
Recommendations:
1.That Report CLD-032-16 be received; and
2.That all interested parties, and any delegations, be advised of Council's decision.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 2
Report Overview
This report is intended to provide background information for Council regarding the changes
to the Municipal Elections Act as a result of Bill 181, Municipal Elections Modernization Act.
1. Background
1.1 The Act
The Municipal Elections Modernization Act, 2016 (MEMA), or Bill 181, makes changes to
the Municipal Elections Act, 1996 (MEA). Some of these changes come into effect
immediately after Royal Assent on June 9, 2016 and certain changes do not come into
effect until April 1, 2018, in time for the next municipal election.
Bill 181 included a number of changes to the Municipal Elections Act that were intended
to address issues that have been of concern to election administrators for many years, as
well as issues that arose during the 2014 Municipal Elections across Ontario including:
• Lack of regulation for third party advertising;
• Challenges with compliance and enforcement of election rules;
• Lack of clarity related to campaign financing;
• The length of the campaign period; and
Areas where the Act could be updated and modernized. The following changes will be
discussed in more detail later in this report:
• Ranked Ballots
• Election Calendar
• Campaign Finance
• Third Party Advertising
• Voters’ List
• Nomination and Eligibility
• Election Administration
• Recount Policy
• Accessibility
2. Ranked Ballots
The most extensive change is the establishment of a framework to allow for ranked ballot
elections in Ontario for the first time. This change can be made based on a Council
decision and the passing of a bylaw. Additional details on ranked ballot elections will be
provided in a separate report.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 3
3. Election Calendar
A number of key dates and timelines in the election calendar have been changed
affecting everything from the nomination period for candidates to dates for the voters' list
availability and election policies and procedures. A detailed list of changes has been
provided in Attachment 1.
4. Campaigning
Campaign provisions have been clarified to allow candidates to access apartment
buildings, condominiums, non-profit housing co-ops or gated communities from 9:00 AM
until 9:00 PM in order to campaign. Landlords and condominium corporations will not be
allowed to prohibit tenants or owners from displaying campaign signs in their windows.
Notwithstanding this right, the changes will provide landlords, property managers,
condominium corporations or other authorized agents with the ability to establish
reasonable limits respecting the size and type of election signage displayed on the
property and may prohibit all election signage within common areas of the building.
Candidates and third party advertisers (See Section 11 for an explanation of third party
advertising) are required to identify themselves on campaign advertisements and signs,
so that it is clear who is responsible for each sign and advertisement that appears or is
broadcast.
Municipalities are authorized to remove election campaign advertisements in the case of
a contravention. Municipalities may require the following to remove or discontinue the
advertising:
• a person who contravened the provisions for third party advertisers or
caused/permitted the contravention; or
• the owner or occupier of the land on which the contravention occurred.
5. Corporations and Unions
Corporations and trade unions are no longer eligible to contribute to municipal election
campaigns. This includes all council and school board elections. Corporations and trade
unions, however, can be third party advertisers and make contributions to third party
advertisers.
Rules for determining whether two corporations should be considered as a single
corporation are simplified, so that it should be easier for corporations and candidates to
determine whether the contributions from two corporations should count towards the
same contribution limit to third party advertisers.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 4
6. Changes affecting Voters
While the secrecy of one’s vote has always been a principle of the Act, the amendments
make it clear that electors are prohibited from photographing or video recording their
marked ballot and are additionally prohibited from showing their marked ballot to any
individual, except if they require assistance to mark their ballot in order to vote. Given the
pervasiveness of smart phones, this amendment is intended to reinforce the secrecy
afforded to an individual’s vote, particularly in light of a recent trend to share video or
photographic evidence of one’s voting record on social media.
7. Campaign Finances
7.1 Bank Account
A candidate who does not accept any contributions of money, or incur any expenses (not
including their filing fee), is not required to open a bank account.
7.2 Contributions
Individuals, corporations and unions can make contributions to third party advertisers.
(See Section 11 for an explanation regarding third party advertising.)
Currently donations of $10 or less at fundraising functions are not considered to be
contributions.
Under Bill 181, the limit is raised to $25. Also, if a candidate sells items for $25 or less in
order to raise campaign funds, the money is considered campaign income rather than a
contribution. In this case, the candidate does not have to issue a receipt, or make sure
that the person buying the item is eligible to make a campaign contribution.
It is important to note that money, goods and services given to and accepted by a person
for his or her election campaign, or given to and accepted by another person who is
acting under the person’s direction, are deemed to be contributions under the legislation.
This means that all in-kind contributions or discounted pricing for goods and services by
corporations or trade unions will be prohibited, such as space, equipment, advertising,
brochures, signs, printing, website design/hosting, food, etc.
Candidates will be required to inform contributors of the contribution limits. A contributor
is limited to a total of $750 to any one candidate in an election (except in the case of the
office of Mayor of the City of Toronto) and $5,000 to two or more candidates for office on
the same council or local board.
7.3 Spending Limits
There is a new spending limit for parties and expressions of appreciation after voting day.
The specific amount of the spending limit is to be set out in a regulation.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 5
7.4 Subsequent Filing
If a candidate or third party advertiser has filed their financial statement before the
deadline and then discovers an error, they can file a corrected financial statement and
auditor’s report up until the filing deadline.
7.5 Late Filing
There is a 30-day grace period for candidates and third party advertisers who miss the
deadline to file a financial statement and auditor’s report, provided that the candidate or
third party advertiser pays a $500 late filing fee to the municipality.
7.6 Clerk’s Review
The clerk who conducted the election is responsible for reviewing the contributions that
are reported on the financial statements to council and trustee candidates as well as third
party advertisers. If a contributor appears to have given more than the contribution limits
allowed, the Clerk will report this to the Compliance Audit Committee. Within 30 days of
receiving the report, the Compliance Audit Committee must decide whether to commence
a legal proceeding against the contributor.
7.7 Report on Exceeded Campaign Contribution Limits
The report would identify any candidates who appeared to exceed the campaign
contribution limits. The same type of report would also be created for registered third
party contributors. The Secretary of a school board would be responsible for compiling
this report for candidates running for School Board Trustee. These reports would be
referred to the Compliance Audit Committee to determine if any further action will be
taken.
7.8 Refund of Nomination Fee
Every candidate will be entitled to a refund of the nomination fee if they file their
campaign financial statement and, if needed, the auditor’s report by the deadline.
7.9 Deficits
After the 2018 Municipal Election, campaign deficits will not be carried forward from the
previous election campaign.
7.10 Report on “Failure to Comply”
Another new requirement is for the Clerk to publicly identify in a report the candidates and
third parties who have failed to comply with the requirement to file a financial statement
and who are prohibited from running or registering in the next election as a result.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 6
8.Advertising
An election campaign advertisement is defined as an advertisement in any broadcast,
print, electronic or other medium that has the purpose of promoting or supporting the
election of a candidate.
Candidates will be required to include specific information on their election advertising in
order to make it clear who is responsible for the message. This will apply to all
advertising regardless of format or method.
Candidates, or those advertising on their behalf, will need to provide broadcasters and
publishers with information including the name of the candidate, name of the individual or
organization taking out the advertisement, as well as the address and telephone number
of the individual interacting with the broadcaster or publisher on behalf of the candidate.
The broadcaster or publisher is then responsible for retaining this information, along with
a copy of the ad and invoice, for a period of two years and making this information
available to the public for inspection in that time period.
9.Third Party Involvement
The MEA now includes a framework for the registration and financial filing of third party
advertisers.
9.1 Definition
A third party advertisement is a message in any medium (billboard, newspaper, radio,
etc.) that supports or opposes a candidate or a "yes" or "no" vote on a question on the
ballot.
Third party advertising also does not include:
•issues-based advertising, so groups that do public outreach can continue their
issued-based advocacy work throughout the municipal election period;
•an advertisement by or under the direction of a candidate;
•advertising that does not cost money to post or broadcast, such as comments
made on social media;
•where no expenses are incurred by the person/entity in relation to the
advertisement; OR
•when given or transmitted by an individual to employees, by a corporation to its
shareholders, directors, members or employees or by a trade union to its members
or employees.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 7
9.2 Registration for Third Party Advertising
Individuals, corporations or trade unions will be eligible to be third party advertisers, if
they formally register with the Clerk in the municipality where they want to advertise. If
they want to advertise in more than one municipality, they have to register in each
municipality, each with their own spending limit.
Third party advertisers must be registered at the time an advertisement appears.
The following are not permitted to register as a third party advertiser:
•Municipal election candidates;
•A federal political party registered under the Canada Elections Act (Canada) or
any federal constituency association or registered candidate at a federal election
endorsed by that party;
•A provincial political party, constituency association, registered candidate or
leadership contestant registered under the Election Finances Act; and
•The Crown in right of Canada or Ontario, a municipality or local board.
Registration allows a third party advertiser to promote or oppose any registered candidate.
Third party advertising must be done independently of candidates, who are not able to
direct a third party advertiser.
9.3 Contributions to Third Parties
In general terms, the rules parallel those that govern contributions to candidates. For
example, contributions may only be made to third party advertisers who are registered,
and only during the applicable campaign period. Corporations and trade unions are
permitted to make contributions to registered third parties. Maximum amounts that may
be contributed to registered third parties are specified in the regulations.
9.4 Campaign Finances for Third Party Advertising
Most campaign finance rules that apply to candidates will also apply to third party
advertisers. Third party advertisers will have spending limits and there will be
contribution limits for those wishing to contribute to a third party advertiser.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 8
9.5 Late Filing by Third Parties
If the third party files financial statements late, the registered third party is not entitled to
register again until after the next regular election has taken place. However, a registered
third party is permitted to avoid the automatic penalty for failing to file a financial
statement by the specified deadline if the registered third party pays a late filing fee of
$500 and files the report within 30 days after the specified deadline.
10. Candidate Nominations and Eligibility
There is a new requirement that anyone wishing to run for office on a council (does not
apply to school boards) must submit the signatures of 25 voters supporting the
nomination. The individuals providing the signatures will each have to sign a declaration
stating that they were eligible to vote in the municipality on the day that they signed the
endorsement. Individuals may endorse more than one nomination. If a candidate files a
nomination, and then changes their mind and decides to run for a different office on the
same council, they are not required to submit new signatures.
The nomination period is reduced from 37 weeks to 13 weeks, with the opening of
nominations occurring on May 1 and ending on the 4th Friday in July (July 27, 2018).
11. Election Administration
11.1 Decision Making
Changes to the MEA will provide greater administrative discretion and independence to
the Clerk. The following matters, some of which previously required Council approval,
will now be entirely under the authority of the Clerk:
• The establishment of advance voting dates, locations and hours;
• The establishment of reduced voting hours for voting places and long-term care
facilities;
• The management of the voters' list, including the removal of deceased persons,
additions of new electors and amendments to existing electors, as well as, the
method by which additions, amendments and deletions are completed; and
• The ability to decide whether candidates are permitted to file financial statements
electronically and any conditions or limits associated electronic filing.
Clerks have greater flexibility in determining how certain election documents may be
submitted and how notices are sent out.
Original signatures are required only for nomination forms, third party advertiser
registration forms and proxy appointment forms.
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 9
12. Recount Policy
12.1 Previously
In previous municipal elections, a recount could only be conducted under the following
limited circumstances:
• Where the counting of ballots resulted in a tie vote;
• Where a municipality/ local board or Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing has
passed a resolution to order a recount; or
• Where an electors' request for a recount has been granted by the Superior Court
of Justice.
12.2 Changes
The Act now provides a municipality may, by by-law, adopt a policy, by May 1st, with
respect to the circumstances in which the municipality requires the clerk to hold a recount
of the votes cast in an election. The Clerk now has the authority to hold a recount in
accordance with the new recount policy.
By way of an example, a policy could conceivably authorize a recount in the event the
totals for two candidates were separated by a defined value (i.e. separated by 5 votes or
less or 1% of the total number of votes cast for the office, whichever is smaller). The
ability to adopt a recount policy would provide greater clarity and certainty to candidates,
electors and election administrators when a close vote occurs.
13. Accessibility
The Clerk is now required to prepare an Elections Accessibility Plan and make it available
to the public before voting day. Section 12.1(3) of the MEA has also been amended to
require that the Clerk prepare a report within 90 days following the election on the
identification, removal and prevention of barriers that affect electors and candidates with
disabilities and make this report available to the public, rather than submitting it to
Council, as was previously required.
14. Financial Impact
The changes to the legislation may require additional staff time or resources to address.
Staff will identify the implications through a specific staff report or the budget process,
depending on the magnitude of the financial implication.
15. Concurrence
Not Applicable
Municipality of Clarington
Report CLD-032-16 Page 10
16. Conclusion
It is respectfully recommended that this report be received for information.
17. Strategic Plan Application
Not applicable.
Submitted by: Reviewed by:
C. Anne Greentree, Curry Clifford, MPA, CMO
Municipal Clerk Interim CAO
Staff Contact: June Gallagher, Deputy Clerk, 905-623-3379 ext. 2103 or
jgallagher@clarington.net
Attachments:
Attachment 1 – Changes to key election dates
Interested Parties:
W.R. (Rusty) Hick, Director of Education and Secretary of the Board
Michael Nasello, Director of Education and Secretary-Treasurer, Peterborough Victoria
Northumberland and Clarington Catholic District School Board
M. Martin Bertrand, Director of Education, Viamonde French Separate School Board
André Blais, Director of Education, Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud, French
Catholic School Board
Attachment 1 to
Municipality of Clarington Report CLD-032-16
Changes to Key Election Dates
Item Previous Date New Date
By-law Authorization of alternative voting
methods
June 1, 2018 May 1, 2017
By-law – Use of Ranked Ballots N/A May 1, 2017
Authorization of a recount policy N/A May 1
Establishment of forms, policies and
procedures for voting, vote counting
equipment and alternative voting
methods
June 1, 2018 December 29, 2017
Clerk determines single or batch
elimination for ranked ballots
N/A December 31, 2017
Authorization of a ballot question June 1, 2018 March 1, 2018
Establishment of voting subdivisions Minister’s Letter April 2, 2018
Opening of nomination period First day of business
after January 1st
(January 2nd, 2018)
May 1, 2018
Close of nomination period Second Friday in
September
July 27, 2018
Availability of the voters' list First Tuesday in
September
September 4, 2018
Compilation of interim list of changes to
the voters’ list
10 days following
nomination day
Starts September 15 and
ends September 25
Voting Day Fourth Monday in
October
October 22, 2018
Close of 3rd party advertising
registrations
N/A Voting Day
Oct. 22, 2018
Report of candidates in default N/A May 1, 2019