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Staff Report
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Report To: General Government Committee
Date of Meeting: October 7, 2024 Report Number: PUB-015-24
Authored by: Matt Muirhead, Chief Fire Prevention Officer, Clarington Emergency and
Fire Services
Submitted By: Lee-Ann Reck, Deputy CAO, Public Services
Reviewed By: Mary-Anne Dempster, CAO
By-law Number: Resolution Number:
File Number:
Report Subject: Open Air Burn Bylaw
Recommendations:
1. That Report PUB-015-24, and any related delegations or communication items, be
received;
2. That By-law 2012-062, to regulate open-air burning, be repealed;
3. The the By-law attached to Report PUB-015-24, as Attachment 1, be approved; and
4. That all interested parties listed in Report PUB-015-24, and any delegations be
advised of Council’s decision.
Municipality of Clarington Page 2
Report PUB-015-24
Report Overview
Following Council’s Resolution #GG-085-24, staff from Clarington Emergency and Fire
Services (CEFS) reviewed Clarington’s Existing open air burn bylaw 2012-062, conducted
an analysis of best practices and open-air burn by-laws from comparable municipalities.
Findings from this review and analysis have been included in this report, along with a
recommendation for Council’s consideration to revise the current by-law as follows:
Reduce the minimum size of property to allow open air burning from 10 or more acres
to 4 or more acres.
Increase the setback from the fire location to property lines, etc. from 15 meters to 30
meters
Various recommendations to repeal and replace By-law 2012-062 have been considered
and a preferred option is included for Council’s endorsement.
1. Background
1.1 Council approved the following Resolution #GG-085-24 in May 27, 2024:Whereas other
municipalities have developed a mechanism to allow for "recreational campfires in
urban areas";
Now therefore be it resolved that Emergency and Fire Services Staff be directed
to prepare a report for the Fall of 2024 reviewing Clarington's Open Air Burning
By-law;
That the report contemplate the inclusion of a framework/regulations to allow
residential burning/campfires on properties that meet a defined size and location
threshold; and
That the review include best practices from other municipalities.
1.2 Clarington’s Open Air Burning By-law 2012-062 was last revised on June 10, 2019.
Council adopted the recommendations of Report ESD-004-19 and approved By-law
2019-040, which amended the Open-Air Burning By-law regarding piling material on
agricultural land.
Municipality of Clarington Page 3
Report PUB-015-24
2. Discussion
Clarington’s Current Open Air Burn By-law 2012-062
2.1 Clarington’s By-law 2012-062 contains the following:
a) Recreational burning (campfires, chimineas, fire pots, etc.) is not permitted.
b) Open air burning (burning of brush and other natural items from a person’s
property in the open air, not enclosed in a device) is allowed on the condition that
the property is a minimum of 10 acres in size, and the property owner obtains a
burn permit form CEFS.
c) No permit shall be issued for a property that is located within areas designated as
“Urban Area” or “Hamlet Residential” in the Clarington Official Plan.
d) Burn Permits are permitted for 30-days or 12-months, at a cost of $40.50 per 30-
day permit and $81.00 per 12-month permit.
2.2 Burn permits include safety related limitations including, safe setback distances from
property lines and structures/combustible materials, pile size, burn times, weather
considerations, and methods of extinguishment.
Open Air Burn Bylaw from other Municipalities
2.3 Open Air Burn By-laws from comparable municipalities were reviewed with the following
findings related to the burning distance requirements (measured in meters) from
property lines, structures and combustible materials for recreational, open air and farm
agricultural burn permits:
Municipality Recreational Open-Air (* = as per
site permit
conditions)
Farm (* = as per
site permit
conditions)
Ajax 50m 50m 50m
Alnwick/Haldimand 15m * *
Brighton 4.5m 4.5m 46m
Brock 6m 15m 50m
Cobourg 10m * *
Cramahe 15m 20m 50m
Kawartha Lakes 15m 15m 50m
Oakville 3m * 45m
Oshawa Not Approved 15m 45m
Pickering Not Approved * 30m
Municipality of Clarington Page 4
Report PUB-015-24
Municipality Recreational Open-Air (* = as per
site permit
conditions)
Farm (* = as per
site permit
conditions)
Port Hope 7.6m 15m 30m
Scugog 5m 15m 30m
Uxbridge 15m 15m 45m
Whitby 9m (Spa only) * *
2.4 Principal findings from this comparative review include:
a) Clarington’s closest comparators (Oshawa, Whitby and Pickering) do not allow
recreational burning. Ajax allows recreational burning with a requirement for a 50m
setback, which would only be possible on a property that is a minimum of 300 feet
wide and 400 feet deep (3-acre lot) with no trees or other combustibles withing the
setback area.
b) The remaining municipal comparators who do allow recreational burning are
smaller and have less dense populations than Clarington.
3. Considerations and Scenarios
3.1 Staff completed a review and analysis of three different scenarios. After research and
consideration, staffs’ recommendation is to approve the second scenario.
3.2 Scenario One: Do nothing; keep Clarington’s Open-Air By-law unchanged.
a. Advantages of Scenario One:
Clarington’s existing by-law 2012-062 is restrictive when compared to most municipal
comparators. Whitby, Pickering and Ajax each allow open air burning on properties that
are less than 10 acres, if they have the required setbacks or property designation. By
Clarington deciding to turn down the consideration of a new Open Air burn By-law there
will not be an increase in the number of fires and smoke in the community, keeping the
risk of property damage, injuries, and the impact on the environment the same.
b. Disadvantages of Scenario One:
Clarington’s current by-law 2012-062 may be overly restrictive when compared to other
municipalities. By doing nothing, people who own less than 10 acres will continue to not
be able to conduct open air burning of brush on their property.
Recreational burning will continue to not be allowed.
Municipality of Clarington Page 5
Report PUB-015-24
3.3 Scenario Two: Revise current open-air burn bylaw 2012-062 to decrease the minimum
acreage size required for open air burning from 10 acres to 4 acres, increase the
setback distance requirements to lot lines to help mitigate the impact to neighbours from
the potential increase in smoke.
a. Advantages of Scenario Two:
Reducing the minimum lot size from 10 acres to 4 acres to be eligible to conduct open
air burning allows more property owners to burn brush from their own property.
Increasing the property set back from 15 meters to 30 meters from the fire location to
buildings, structures, property lines, fences, trees, overhead wires, etc., may lessen the
neighbourhood impact from the increase in fires due to the acreage decrea se.
This scenario would see a potential increase in the number of properties eligible to burn
by 416 properties.
Open air burning will not be permitted in urban and hamlet areas.
b. Disadvantages of Scenario Two:
Lowering the open-air burning acreage size requirements from 10 acres to 4 acres will
likely result in an increase in the number of open-air fires, which would increase smoke
& odor in the community, negatively impact the environment, potentially increasing
community fire risk, and increasing the impact to community well-being and enjoyment
from smoke. It may increase the number of nuisance complaints received by CEFS Fire
Prevention staff, increasing workload.
3.4 Scenario Three: Implement changes from Scenario Two, plus allow recreational
burning.
a. Advantages of Scenario Three:
Introducing recreational burning will provide residents with the opportunity to enjoy a
recreational fire for personal enjoyment
Allowing recreational burning would require a determination of minimum property sizes,
burning distance setbacks, and the identification of approved devices to safely contain a
small fire. The following items would have to be considered.
Municipality of Clarington Page 6
Report PUB-015-24
Recreational Burning Property Size:
Setbacks – Introduction of a new recreational burn set back of 23 meters (75 feet) from
the fire to property lines, etc. is the minimum distance that may help to minimize any
neighbourhood smoke & odor complaints. This setback distance requires that the
property lot is at least 46meters (150 feet) wide and approximately 61 meters (20 0 feet)
deep. Please see image below to show visually see set back requirements:
Requirements of Recreational Devices:
To help minimize community risk, residential properties eligible to conduct recreational
burning would be required to have a manufactured non-combustible enclosed device,
no larger than 1mx1mx1m, designed solely for containing a small recreational fire.
Equipped with a removable spark screen where the fuel is loaded, and where a non-
removable spark screens on any other openings including chimneys, etc. are required.
Examples of recreational fire devices that would be approved for use shown in the
pictures below.
Municipality of Clarington Page 7
Report PUB-015-24
b. Disadvantages of Scenario Three:
There are 1,754 residential properties in Clarington large enough to meet this 46 -meter
property width. Having this many additional properties being allowed to burn would
increase the number of eligible properties from 1,916 under the existing open air burn
by-law to 3,670, for an increase of 91.5%. With an increase of this size, it would likely
result in an increase of nuisance complaints from neighbours with the presence of
smoke and odor throughout the community raising.
In 2023, CEFS received 114 calls for illegal/nuisance burning. It would not be
unreasonable to expect this number to increase significantly under option 3, thereby
impacting the following groups in CEFS:
I. Suppression: Division
A fire truck and fire crew will respond to a reported fire at a property and will
assess the complaint for illegal/nuisance burning.
II. Fire Prevention Division:
A Fire Prevention Inspector may conduct an inspection related to illegal/nuisance
burning complaints and may lay charges.
Municipality of Clarington Page 8
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III. Business Services Division:
Business Services staff will identify repeat offenders where emergency vehicles
have responded to any second incidents at the same location for an unapproved
burning complaint in a 12-month period and will prepare billing invoices.
Business Services and Fire Prevention staff are required to process and issue
each burning permit application.
4. Recommendation
4.1 CEFS is recommending Scenario #2- Revise current open-air burn by-law 2012-062 to
decrease the acreage size of those properties allowed to conduct open air burning from
10 acres to 4 acres and increase setback distances.
4.2 While reviewing existing open-air burn By-law 2012-062, attention was focused on how
to increase the number of properties that could safely engage in open air burning, while
also being mindful of community safety/enjoyment and environmental impacts.
Reducing the lot size from 10 acres to 4 acres, while doubling the property setbacks
from 15 to 30 meters strikes a balance between both competing interests.
4.3 Current open-air burn By-law 2012-062 indicates that only properties that are a
minimum of 10 acres in size are permitted to conduct open air burning.
4.4 In 2024, of the 1,916 properties who have a property large enough to conduct open air
burning, 300 of them applied for permits, or approximately 16 percent. If an average of
16 percent of the 416 addition properties being considered in this scenario apply for a
burn permit there will be an increase of approximately 67 permits annually.
4.5 Recommended Open Air Burning Change Summary:
4.6 Allowing open air burning on residential or agricultural properties that have a minimum
lot size of 4 acres and zoned rural under the Clarington Official Plan.
4.7 Setbacks must be at least 30 meters from the fire location to buildings, structures,
property lines, fences, trees or overhead wires, combustible materials, etc.
5. Financial Considerations
It is anticipated that there will be an increase of 67 open air burn permits as outlined in section
4.4. At $81 per permit, this would result in an annual revenue increase of $5,427.
Municipality of Clarington Page 9
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6. Strategic Plan
Not applicable.
7. Climate Change
7.1 An open-air burn policy can have environmental consequences. While these activities
may seem small-scale, they still release pollutants like carbon dioxide, particulate
matter, and volatile organic compounds into the air, contributing to poor air quality and
climate change. The use of chemically treated wood or improper materials in fire pits
can further exacerbate pollution and release toxic chemicals, posing health risks to
humans and wildlife. Additionally, the cumulative effect of many recreational fires in
populated areas can increase health risks, particularly for people with respiratory
conditions.
7.2 Considering the environmental impact resulting from the burning of treated wood, or
improper materials, the recommendation contained in this report is limited to the burning
of brush and other natural items from the property applying for the burn permit.
8. Concurrence
Not applicable.
9. Conclusion
It is respectfully recommended that Council endorse the recommendation in this report.
Staff Contact: Matt Muirhead, Chief Fire Prevention Officer, 905-260-0773, x2801 or
mmuirhead@clarington.net.
Attachments:
Attachment 1 - 2024-xxxx Open Air Burn By-law
Interested Parties:
The following interested parties will be notified of Council's decision:
Brain Sweny, Resident of the Municipality of Clarington
Attachment 1 to Report PUB-015-24
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The Corporation of the Municipality of Clarington
By-law YYYY-NN
Being a By-law to regulate open-air burning.
Whereas section 7.1 of the Fire Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c. 4
authorizes the council of a municipality to pass by-law regulating the setting of open-air
fires, including establishing the times during which open air fires may be set;
And whereas, part 2 of the Ontario Fire Code, O.Reg. 213/07, subsection 2.4.4.4 (1)
provides that open air burning shall not be permitted unless approved, or unless such
burning consists of a small, confined fire, supervised at all times, used to cook food on a
grill, spit, or barbecue, and commensurate with the type and quantity of food being
cooked;
And whereas, the municipal Act, 2001, S.O 2001, c 25, Section 11 (2), provides that a
council of a lower-tier and upper-tier may pass by-laws with respect to the economic,
social and environmental well-being of the municipality, including respecting climate
change, and the health, safety and well-being of persons;
And whereas, the municipality Act, 2001, S.O 2001 c. 25, Section 391 (1) provides that
a municipality may pass by-laws imposing fees or charges on Persons for services or
activities provided or done by or on behalf of it, including permit fee;
Now therefore, the Council of The Corporation of the Municipality of Clarington enacts
as follows:
Open Air Burning By-law
Page 1 of 10
PART 1 – INTERPRETATION
1. Definitions
1.1. For the purpose of this By-law,
(a) “Agricultural Burn” means a burn permit for agricultural properties that fall
within the normal farm practices as defined in the Farming and Food Production
Protection Act, 1998, S.O. 1998, c. 1.
(b) “Barbeque” means an appliance that is designed and approved by a
recognized testing agency and intended solely for cooking food by a small,
confined fire. Barbeques must be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions, but it does not include devices predominantly designed for
personal warmth, or recreational fires.
(c) “Burn Ban” means no person shall set a fire within the Municipality of
Clarington while the burn ban is imposed by the Fire Chief.
(d) “Cost recovery” means where section 8 of this By-law is invoked, all costs
associated with the work may be added to the tax roll of the property to which
the offense occurred and shall be collected in the same manner as municipal
taxes pursuant to the municipal Act 2001, c. 25, s. 398 (2).
(e) “Fire Chief” means the Fire Chief of the Municipality or a designate.
(f) “Flying Lantern” means a small hot air balloon or other device designed to
carry an open flame as an airborne light, also known as a Sky Lantern, Chinese
Lantern, Kongming Lantern, Wish Lantern, or other similar devices which are
devices containing a fuel source, which is usually a petroleum or wax based
fuel that when lit causes the lantern to rise.
(g) “Municipality” means The Corporation of the Municipality of Clarington or the
geographic area of Clarington, as the context requires.
(h) “Nuisance” means smoke or flames, odour, airborne sparks or embers that
inhibits neighbours’ ability to enjoy their properties or conduct business without
disruption.
(i) “open-air burn” means the burning of any materials outside of a building,
including without limiting the generality of the foregoing, brush or tree limbs,
agriculture waste, where the flame is not wholly contained and is, thereby, open
to the air.
(j) “Outdoor fireplace” means a manufactured non-combustible enclosed device
with both, spark screen and non-removable spark screen on vents and
chimneys, intended solely for containing a small recreational fire that is no
larger than 1m x 1m x1m high.
(k) “Recognized testing agency” means Underwriters Laboratories of Canada,
Canada Standards Association, Warnock Hersey or similar agencies that test,
approve and certify products for use.
(l) “Recreational burn” means a fire that is set and maintained solely for the
purpose of providing warmth or recreational enjoyment which is contained to an
outdoor fireplace.
(m) “refuse” means many articles, thing, matter or any effluent belonging to or
associated with a house or household, any industry, trade or business and
without limiting the foregoing, may include:
i. Accumulation of remains, rubbish or trash.
ii. Litter, including paper, cartons, newspapers, flyers, cardboard, and/or
packing.
iii. Machinery and machinery equipment and/or parts, including but not
limited to vehicular parts and or accessories, tires, furnace and/or furnace
parts, pipes and/or pipe fittings, water tanks, fuel tanks, and/or septic
tanks, tubing, conduit, cable.
(n) “Small, confined fire” means a barbeque appliance that has been approved
by a recognized testing agency for solely cooking food.
(o) “Self-contained residential dwelling unit” means a suite operated as a
housekeeping unit, used or intended to be used by one or more persons that
contains cooking, eating, living, sleeping and sanitary facilities
(p) “Spark screen” means a manufactured non-removable metal screen guard,
that keeps the sparks and embers contained within the outdoor fireplace.
(q) “owner” means the person identified in the most recent tax roll as the owner of
a property.
(r) “Permit” means a approved document issued to an owner in accordance with
this by-law.
(s) “Person” includes an individual, association, firm, partnership, corporation,
trust, organization, trustee, or agent, and their heirs, executors, or legal
representatives.
(t) “Urban areas or Hamlet residential properties” are properties as designated
in the Clarington Official Plan.
2. References
2.1. In this by-law, reference to any Act is reference to that Act as it is amended or re -
enacted from time to time.
2.2. Unless otherwise specified, references in this by-law to sections are references
to sections in this by-law.
3. Word Usage
3.1. This by-law shall be read with all changes in gender or number as the context
may require.
3.2. A grammatical variation of a word or expression defined has a corresponding
meaning.
4. Application
4.1. This by-law applies to all land within the Municipality unless otherwise specified.
PART 2- GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR ALL BURN PERMITS
5. General
5.1. No persons shall set an open-air burn or agricultural burn in the Municipality of
Clarington without an approved burn permit. Open -air burning is permitted for
residential & agricultural properties that have 4 acres or more.
5.2. Recreational burns are not permitted in the Municipality of Clarington and no
burn permits shall be issued for them.
5.3. Open Air burns are not permitted in “Urban areas or Hamlet residential
properties”.
5.4. Burn permits will be issued to the owner of the property. Occupants of the
property can apply for a permit but must obtain written consent from the owner of
the property. Multi-residential properties containing 3 or more self -contained
residential dwelling units are not permitted to burn unless approved by the Fire
Chief or assigned designates.
5.5. The holder of a burn permit shall at all times, have a competent adult (18 years
or older), remain at the burn site for the purpose of tending, controlling and
supervising the fire.
5.6. Every person responsible for tending, controlling and supervising the burn shall
ensure that the fire is completely extinguished before leaving the burn site.
5.7. No burning shall be maintained when weather conditions can cause any or all of
the following:
a) A decrease in visibility on any highway or roadway;
b) A rapid spread of fire through grass or brush area;
c) A public nuisance by creating negative health effects or interference on
neighbouring residents.
5.8. No person shall burn during a Fire Ban or when a smog alert has been declared
by the Ministry of Environment for Ontario
5.9. No person shall burn materials other than, commercially produced charcoal,
briquettes, brush or tree limbs or agricultural waste.
5.10. No person shall ignite or release any ignited flying lanterns
5.11. No burn permits are permitted on urban commercial properties, industrial
properties, salvage yards or construction sites, unless approved by the Fire Chief
or assigned designates.
5.12. The holder of the burn permit shall have an effective extin guishing agent or
device of sufficient size and the capability of extinguishing the fire, at the burn
site and readily available for use at all times.
5.13. If Clarington Emergency and Fire Services is of the opinion that the continued
burning of the recreational burn, open-air burn or agricultural burn is a hazard,
Clarington Emergency and Fire Services may direct the fire to be extinguished
immediately.
5.14. The Clarington Emergency and Fire Services shall be exempt from the provision
of this By-law with respect to open-air burning for educational and training
purposes.
5.15. Any person who contravenes any provision of this By-law is guilty of an offense
and upon conviction is liable to a fine as set out in section 8.
5.16. The Fire Chief or appointed designate may approve or refuse any permit
application and may impose any additional conditions to reduce the risk of fire
spreading.
5.17. The Fire Chief or appointed designate may revoke a permit if any or all the
following applies:
a) The permit was issued in error,
b) Any conditions in the By-law are not being compiled with,
c) The permit information was false, incorrect or misleading,
5.18. If a burning permit is revoked due to section (a) (b) (c), the application fee shall
not be returned.
5.19. No permit is required for burning in a barbeque that has b een approved by a
recognized testing agencies for cooking food, if they are used safely and in
accordance with the manufacturing instructions.
5.20. No permit is required for commercially designed heating devices that have been
approved by recognized testing agencies that are fueled by natural or propane
gas and used safely in accordance with the manufacturing instructions.
PART 3 - PERMITS
6. Permit Applications
6.1. Any person wishing to set an open-air burn or agricultural burn shall submit a
burn permit application for thirty (30) day or twelve (12) months to Clarington
Emergency and Fire Services for review and approval.
6.2. Open-air burning conditions – The holder of the open-air burn permit shall, in
addition to complying with Part 2 of this By-law, comply with the following:
a) Shall burn at ground level
b) Burn must be contained within a base/pit with a pile no larger than 1m x 1m
x 1m (3.3ft x 3.3ft x 3.3ft).
c) All materials to be burned is, brush or tree limbs from the property
d) Burn shall be at least 30m (100ft) from property lines, fences,
street/road/highway, overhead wires, structures, trees and bush/hedges or
other combustible materials.
e) Burning shall be conducted between 10am-8pm.
f) No person shall burn any refuse, grass clippings or leaves.
g) Properties where the burn is occurring must be a minimum of 4 acres in
size.
6.3. Agriculture burn permit Conditions – The holder of the agricultural burn permit
shall, in addition to complying with Part 2 of this By-law, comply with the
following:
a) Shall burn at ground level,
b) Burn must be contained within a base/pit no larger than 3m x 3m x 3m (9.8ft
x 9.8ft x 9.8ft).
c) All materials to be burned are agricultural waste from normal farm practice
as defined in the Farming and Food Production Protection Act, 1998, S.O.
1998, c. 1.
d) Burn shall be at least 30 m (100ft) from property lines, fences,
street/road/highway, overhead wires, structures, trees and bush/hedges, or
other combustible materials.
e) Burning shall be conducted between 10am-8pm
f) No person shall burn any refuse, grass clippings or leaves.
g) Properties where the burn is occurring must be a minimum of 4 acres.
PART 4 - ENFORCEMENT
7. Inspections
7.1. In this section, “Officer” means any employee, officer or agent of the Municipality
of Clarington whose duties include the enforcement of this by-law.
7.2. An Officer may, at any reasonable time, enter upon any property for the purpose
of carrying out an inspection to determine whether or not the provisions of this
By-law have been complied with.
7.3. No person shall prevent, hinder or interfere or attempt to prevent, hinder or
interfere with an inspection undertaken by an Officer.
8. Offences and Penalties
8.1. Any person who contravenes any provision of this by-law is guilty of an offense
and upon conviction is liable to a fine pursuant to the provisions of the Provincial
Offenses Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P.33.
8.2. Any person who contravenes the provisions of the By-law is guilty of an offense
and upon conviction shall be liable to the penalties imposed pursuant to the Fire
Protection and Prevention Act, 1997, S.O. 1997, c 4, as amended for each
offense, exclusive of costs.
8.3. Any person who sets an , open-air burn or agricultural burn in the Municipality of
Clarington, assumes full responsibility for fire control and may be liabl e for cost
recovery incurred by Clarington Emergency and Fire Services and or mutual aid
partnering Fire Departments, including but not limited to; costs of the personnel
and equipment as authorized and set out in the Municipality of Clarington fee
schedule By-law in effect at the time of the incident and authorized by the Fire
Chief or assigned designates.
PART 5 - GENERAL
9. Validity
9.1. In the event any court of competent jurisdiction declares any section or provision
of this By-law to be invalid, or be of no force and effect for any cause, such
section or provision thereof shall be deemed severable from the remainder of the
By-law and the remainder of the By-law shall stand to be enforceable to the
same extent as if the offending section or provision thereof had not been
included herein.
10. Short Title
10.1. The short title of this by-law shall be the “Open Air Burning By-law”.
11. Repeal
11.1. That By-law No. 2012-062 be repealed.
12. Effective Date
12.1. This by-law shall be effective on the date that it is passed.
Passed in Open Council this XX day of MMMM, 2024.
_____________________________________
Adrian Foster, Mayor
_____________________________________
June Gallagher, Municipal Clerk
Written approval of this by-law was given by Mayoral Decision MDE-2024-XXX dated
XXXX XX, 2024.