HomeMy WebLinkAbout70-36THE CORPORATION OF THE
TOWN OF BOWMANVILLE
By -Law No. 70 -36
A by -law to regulate the erection
and provide for the safety of
buildings and structures
the Council of the Corporation of the Town of Bowmanville ENACTS AS FOLLOWS:
SECTION 1. ADMINISTRATION
(a) Title
This by -law may be cited as the "Building By- Law."
(b) Area Covered
This by -law shall apply throughout the municipality.
(c) Buildings And Structures Affected
(i) The administrative provisions of this by -law apply to all buildings
and structures.
(ii) The provisions of Sections 2 to 25 (inclusive) of this by -law apply
to the following buildings and structures:
(a) houses, and
(b) Buildings or structures other than houses which do
not exceed two storeys in height or 4,000 sq. ft.
of floor area on any floor, and which are not used
or intended for assembly or institutional purposes.
(iii) A11::other buildings or structures must conform to the provisions
of Parts 2 to 8 (inclusive) of the National Building Code of Canada, which
code is attached hereto and marked Schedule "A ".
The Plumbing and electrical regulations of the National Building Code are
not applicable, however, as these matters are covered by Provincial reg-
ulations.
(d) Enforcement
(i) Authority
she Building Inspector, appointed by the Council of the municipality
is authorized to administer the provisions of this by -law and to refuse a
permit for any building or structure that, if constructed, would be contrary
to the provisions of any by -law of this municipality or of any by -law of
the County or of the laws of Ontario or Canada in force in the municipality.
(ii) Inspection
The Building Inspector is authorized to enter, at all reasonable hours,
upon any property or premises for the purpose of carrying out his duties
under this by -law.
(iii) Unsafe Structures
The Building Inspector is authorized to pull down or repair at the
expense of the owner, any building, fence, scaffolding or erection that, by
reason of its ruinous or dilapidated state, faulty construction or otherwise,
is in an unsafe condition as regards danger from fire or risk of accident.
- 2 -
(d) Enforcement (Conttd)
Div) Illegal Construction
The Building Inspector is authorized to pull down and remove, at the
expense of the owner, any building or erection constructed, altered, repaired
or placed in contravention of this by -law.
(e) Building Permit
(i) No person shall erect, alter, repair, move, wreck or add to any
building or structure unless he has first obtained a building permit from
the Building Inspector.
(ii) No permit shall be issued for any erection, alteration, repair,
moving or wrecking which does not conform to the provisions of this by -law.
(iii) All applications for a building permit shall be accompanied by
adequate plans, in duplicate, of the work to be undertaken, complete with
all pertinent information.
(iv) Applications shall be subject to the schedule of fees contained in
Schedule "B" to this by -law.
(v) A duplicate of the permit shall be prominently displayed on the
work site and a set of the plans and specifications shall be available
there for inspection.
(vi) Every permit expires if active work has not commenced within a
period of six months from the date of issue.
(f) Special Provisions
Any other building by -law provisions applicable in this municipality are
contained in Schedule "B" of this by -law.
(g) Certificate Of Compliance
No building or structure may be used if it has been constructed, altered,
added or repaired contrary to the requirements of this by -law, or without
a permit, unless a certificate of compliance is first obtained from the
Building Inspector. No certificate of compliance shall be issued until
such building or structure has been made to comply with this by -law. In
addition to the building permit fee, a fee equal to the applicable building
permit fee may be levied for a certificate of compliance.
(h) Other Regulations
nothing in this by -law shall absolve any person from complying with the
requirements of the Ontario Water Resources Commission regarding plumbing,
of the Hydro Electric Power Commission of Ontario regarding electrical
services, of the County Health Unit regarding septic tank installation, or
with any other regulation in force in the municipality.
(i) Violations And Penalties
Every person who erects, alters, repairs, moves, wrecks or adds to any
building or structure in contravention of the requirements of this by -law,
or who causes or permits any violation of the provisions of this by -law,
shall be guilty of an offence and-upon conviction therefore shall forfeit
and pay a penalty not exceeding three hundred dollars ($300) exclusive of
costs for each such offence, and every penalty shall be recoverable under
The Municipal Act and The Summary Convictions Act.
(j) Existing By -Law
The existing building by -law or by -laws of this municipality which are
repealed by this by -law are listed in Schedule "B" of this by -law.
- 3 -
(k) Insertions In Section 4 And Section 22 Of This By -Law
The design loads to be inserted in Section 4 (f) (2) are as follows:
horizontal snow load = 36 lbs. per sq. ft.
sheltered snow load = 45 lbs. per sq. ft.
perpendicular wind load = 21 lbs. per sq. ft.
The design temperature to be inserted in Section 22 (a) is 5o Fahrenheit.
(1) Effective Date
This by -law shall come into force and take effect upon the final passing
thereof.
SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS
Apartment Building means a type of multiple dwelling comprising of three or more
dwelling units with shared entrances and other essential facilities and services
and with shared exit facilities above the first storey.
Area Of A Building means the greatest horizontal projected area at or above grade,
inside the outside perimeter of the exterior walls.
Assembly Occupancy includes auditoria, bowling alleys, places of worship,
community halls, court rooms, dance halls, exhibition buildings, licenced beverage
establishments, gymnasia, libraries, lodge rooms, theatres, museums, schools,
colleges, stations, depots, restaurants, undertaking parlours, arenas, armouries,
curling rinks, public baths, skating rinks, amusement park structures, bleachers,
grandstands, reviewing stands, stadia.
Authority Having Jurisdiction means the Municipal Council, or with respect to the
regulation of buildings, the Building Inspector.
Building means any structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any
use or occupancy as set forth in this by -law.
Business And Personal Services Occupancy means use of a building or structure of any
portion thereof for the transaction of business, or the rendering or receiving of
professional and personal services. Tnese include barber shops, beauty parlours,
dental or medical offices, fire stations, office buildings, self service laundries
and self service dry cleaning establishments.
Closure means the complete assembly of a door or doors, shutters or hatches, or
equipment including hardware, closing devices, frame and anchors that are installed
in openings in a fire separation to act as a barrier against the spread of fire.
Commercial And ILLdustrial Occupancy means the use of a building for assembling,
fabricating, manufacturing, processing and storing of goods and materials.
Dwelling Unit means two or more rooms used or intended for the domestic use of one
or more individuals living as a single housekeeping unit, with cooking, eating,
living, sleeping and sanitary facilities.
Exit means that part of means of egress that leads from the floor area it serves
including any doorway leading directly from a floor area to another floor area to
a public thoroughfare or other acceptable open space.
Fire Load - see Load, fire.
Fire Separation means a barrier against the spread of fire in the form of construction
designed for this purpose.
Heavy Timber Construction - (See Section 18.)
- 4 -
Height Of A Building In Storeys means the number of storeys contained between the
highest roof of a building (except for penthouses containing no dwelling units)
and the floor of its first storey.
High Hazard Commercial And Industrial Buildings means buildings that contain
large quantities of highly combustible and flammable or explosive material such
as bulk storage warehouses for hazardous substances; cereal and flour mills;
chemical or other plants involving hazardous substances; distilleries; dry - cleaning
plants (employing flammable liquids); grain elevators; paint, varnish pyroxylin
product factories; and rubber plants.
House means a building other than an apartment building that contains one or more
dwelling units provided that there is not more than one dwelling unit above another,
and there are not more than 2 storeys above the top of a foundation where the
building contains more than one dwelling unit.
Institutional Occupancy includes jails, prisons, hospitals, police stations,
reformatories, childrents shelters, informaries, nursing homes, rest homes, old
age homes, orphanages, sanitaria.
Load, Fire means the average weight per unit area of the combustible contents of
a room or floor area in pounds per square foot and includes the furnishings,
finished floor, combustible trim, and temporary or movable partitions.
Low Hazard Commercial And Industrial Buildings means buildings for occupancies
with a fire load of 10 pounds per square foot (psf) or less such as: creameries,
power plants (exclusing substations); storage garages; factories, workshops,
salesrooms; storage rooms; barns, stables.
Means Of Egress means a doorway, hallway, corridor, lobby, stair, ramp or other
facility or combination thereof, provided for the escape of persons from a building,
floor area, or room to a public thoroughfare or other approved open space. Means of
egress includes exits and access to exits.
Medium Hazard Commercial And Industrial Buildings means buildings with fire loads
of more than 10 pounds per square foot (psf) such as: box factories; candy plants,
cold storage plants; mattress factories; planing mills; printing plants, electrical
substations; repair garages and service stations; laboratories; woodworking factories;
laundries; loft and warehouse buildings (containing largely combustible stores);
factories; loft buildings; salesrooms; storage rooms; workshops; wholesale
stores; and dry- cleaning plants (employing no flammable or explosive solvents or
cleaners) .
Noncombustible Construction (see Section 6 (b)).
Noncombustible Material means a material that is classed as non - combustible when
tested in accordance with CSA Specification B54.1 -1960.
Owner means any person, firm,corporation or agent controlling the property under
consideration.
Private when used with respect to a room or other space within a building, means
that such room or space is intended solely for the use of an individual tenant or
family and their guests.
Public when used with respect to a room or other space within a building, means
that such room or space is intended to be used in common by the occupants of the
building, their guests or tradesmen.
Storey, First means the storey with its floor closest to grade and having its celing
more than 6 feet above =grade.
Residential Occupancy means the occupancy or use of a building or structure or portion
thereof by persons for whom sleeping accommodation is provided but who are not harboured
or detained to receive medical, charitable, or other care or treatment or are not
involuntarily detained.
SECTION 3. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MEASURES
(a) Fencing And Barricades
(1) When the construction of a building will endanger pedestrians, a suitable
cover shall be provided over the sidewalk along the danger area.
- 5 -
(2) Excavating shall be adequately barricaded when required by the
Authority having jurisdiction with a strongly constructed fence at
least 6 feet high.
(3) Excavation in streets or other public property shall be
adequately barricaded.
(b) Warning Lights
When required by the authority having jurisdiction, warning lights
shall be placed and maintained during the hours of darkness at all
obstructions or excavations on streets or other public places and
at excavation on the building site.
(c) Bracing
The structure shall be adequately braced at all stages of construction
to withstand all--loads to which it may be subjected.
(d) Stability Of Banks
Banks or sides of excavations shall be either trimmed to the stable
slope of the material excavated, or shall be adequately supported.
In all trench excavations, vertical faces shall be sheet -piled or
shored and braced when the depth exceeds 4 feet or as may be required
by the authority having jurisdiction.
(e) Removal Of Water From Excavations
Excavations shall be kept reasonably clear of water so as not to
endanger workmen in the excavations or to create a health hazard.
(f) Demolition
(1) All measures required by the authority having jurisdiction for
the enclosure of the site and protection of the public shall be
completed before demolition is commenced.
(2) Warning signs shall be posted, and owners of adjacent properties
notified, before demolition is commenced.
(3) All services to the site shall be disconnected and capped at the
property line.
(g) Sanitation
Adequate toilet facilities shall be provided for the workmen within
easy access of their place of work.
SECTION 4. PLANNING
(a) Room Areas
The minimum areas and dimensions of rooms in residential buildings shall
conform to Table 1.
TABLE 1
ROOM AREAS AND ROOM DIMENSIONS
Minimum Area
In Combination
As Separate
With
Minimum
Room or Space
Room
Other Space (1)
Dimension
Living Room or Space
145 sq. ft.
145 sq. ft.(3)
9 ft. 10 in.
Dining Room or Space
75 sq. ft.
35 sq. ft.
7 ft. 6 in.
Kitchen or Kitchen Space
45 sq. ft.
45 sq. ft.(4)
—
First Bedroom
105 sq. ft.(2)
—
8 ft. 10 in.
Each Additional
Bedroom
75 sq. ft.(z)
—
6 ft. 6 in.
Bedroom Space
—
45 sq. ft.
7 ft. 6 in.
Passage or Hall
—
—
2 ft. 10 in.
Main Entrance Hall.
or Vestibule
—
—
3 ft. 6 in.
NOTES TO TABLE 1
(1) Two or more areas are regarded as a combination room if the dividing wall
occupies less than 60 per cent of the separating plane.
(2) When a built -in bedroom cabinet is provided, the area may be reduced to 95
square feet in the first bedroom and 65 square feet in other bedrooms.
(3) May be reduced to 120 sq. ft. for bachelor dwelling units where the space
is combined with:.kitchen, dining and bedroom areas.
(4) May be reduced to 40 square feet for bachelor dwelling units.
(b) Ceiling Heights
The minimum heights of ceilings in residential buildings shall conform to
Table 2.
TABLE 2
ROOM HEIGHTS
Room or Space
Minimum Heights
Living Room or Space
7 ft. at any point.
Dining Room or Space
7 ft. 6 in. over at least 75 per cent of the
Kitchen or Kitchen Space
required floor area.
Bedroom or Bedroom Space
7 ft. 6 in. over at least 50 per cent of the
required floor area.
Any part of the floor having a clear height
of less than 4 ft. 6 in. shall not be con-
sidered in computing the required floor
area.
Nonhabitable Basement or Cellar
6 ft. 4 in. under beams, in laundry areas,
including Laundry Area therein
and in any location that would normally
be used for passage to laundry and re-
quired storage areas.
Bathroom or W.C. and
7 ft. over any area where a person would
Laundry Area above Grade
normally be in a standing position.
Passage, Hall or Main Entrance
7 ft.
Vestibule and Habitable Rooms
not specifically mentioned above.
(c) Crawl Space Clearances
(1) The ground level shall be at least 12 inches below the level of all
joists and beams.
(2) Where equipment requiring service such as plumbing clean -outs, traps,
burners, etc. is located in crawl spaces, an access way with a minimum
height and width of 2 feet shall be provided from the access door to the
equipment and for a distance of 3 feet on the side or sides of the equipment
to be serviced.
(3) Access opening of not less than 1 foot, 8 inches by 2 feet, 4 inches
shall be provided to each separated crawl space.
(d) Stairs
Stair dimensions shall conform to the requirements in Section 12, "Stairs,
Handrails and Guards."
(e) Structural Design Procedures
All structural elements in a building which are not specified elsewhere in
this by -law shall be designed to support the design loads in (f) in accordance
with the appropriate provisions in Part 4 of the National Building Code of
Canada, 1965.
(f) Design Loads
(1) The minimum design load on a floor area due to the use of the area is
that listed in Table 3 applied uniformly over the entire area, or to a load
listed in Table 4 applied over an area of 22 square feet (located so as to
cause maximum effects), whichever causes the greater stresses.
- 7 -
TABLE 3
UNIFORM DESIGN LOADS FOR FLOORS
Use of Area of Floor
Design Load
psf
Apartment Buildings:
2,500
— living and sleeping quarters
40
— locker rooms
50
— entrance halls, ground floor corridors,
exits and stairs
100
— corridors, other floors
60
Attics Where There is no Storage of Equipment
12,000
or Material
10
Hotels, Motels, Restaurants, Club Houses:
12,000
— sleeping quarters
40
-- offices, toilets and locker rooms
50
— lobbies, rotundas, conference rooms, kitchens,
stairs, corridors and exits
100
— retail stores, maintenance and service area
100
Office Buildings:
— basement, first floor, corridors and exits
100
—upper floors for office use
50
Retail Stores or Shops for Light Merchandise
100
— separate floors for offices, toilets
50
Factories, Warehouses and Storage Buildings
125
— separate floors for offices, toilets
50
Fire Escapes, exterior balconies
100
Garages:
—for passenger cars
50
—for unloaded buses and light trucks
125
—for loaded trucks and buses and all
trucking spaces
250
Sidewalks and Driveways Over Areaways and
Basements
250
Houses:
— bedrooms
30
—all other rooms
40
TABLE 4
CONCENTRATED DESIGN LOADS FOR FLOORS
Concentrated
Use of Area of Floor Load. (lb.)
Floors of offices, manufacturing buildings
2,000
Floors and areas used by passenger cars
2,500
Floors and areas used by vehicles not exceeding
8,000 lb. gross weight
4,000
Floors and areas used by vehicles not exceeding
20,000 lb. gross weight
8,000
Floors and areas used by vehicles exceeding
20,000 lb. gross weight
12,000
Driveways and sidewalks over areaways
and basements
12,000
a_
(f) Design Loads (Conttd)
(2) The minimum design load on a roof area due to snow shall be on a
horizontal projection of the surface, except that where the building is
sheltered from the wind by other buildings or trees, the minimum design;
snow load shall be .... .
(3) The minimum design load due to wind shall be psf applied per-
pendicular to the surface.
To be inserted by the municipality: information available from the Secretary
of the Associate Committee on the National Building Code.
Information on load coefficients for wind and snow loads in relation to
building shapes may be found in Supplement No. 3 of the National Building Code
of Canada, 1965.
(g) Lighting
A living room, dining room or bedroom, or a room composed of combinations of
any of these rooms with each other or with others not mentioned, shall have
a window or windows that have an aggregate unobstructed glass area not less
than 10 per cent of the floor area of the room served and face directly on
a street, yard or court. Where electric service is available, means of
providing illumination shall be installed.
(h) Ventilation
(1) Every opening for natural ventilation shall consist of at least 3
square feet of unobstructed area for each habitable room except that such
ventilation may be omitted in living rooms or living- dining rooms and may
be reduced to 1 square foot in bathrooms.
(2) Where there is a space between insulation and roofing such space shall
be adequately vented to the outside air. Natural ventilation shall consist
of at least 1 square foot of unobstructed vent area per 300 square feet of
insulated ceiling area.
(3) Unless the crawl space is used as a warm air plenum, crawl space vents
shall consist of at least 1 square foot of unobstructed opening per 500 sq.
ft. of crawl space floor area. Where a crawl space is heated, the openings
for natural ventilation shall have tight - fitting covers to control air - leakage
in winter.
(i) Sound Transmission
(1) Sound transmission class ratings for construction shall be determined
in accordance with ASTM E90 -61T (including appendix) or shall be as listed
in Appendix A to this by -law Required Sound Control Locations (Airborne Sound)
(2) Construction shall provide a sound transmission class rating of not
less than 45 between dwelling units in the same building and between a
dwelling unit and any space common to two or more dwelling units.
(3) Every service room or space such as storage room, laundry, workshop or
building maintenance room and garages (other thah garages for houses), when
not located within a dwelling unit, shall be separated from the dwelling
units by a construction providing a sound transmission class rating of not
less than 45.
SECTION 5. MEANS OF EGRESS
(a) General
(1) Requirements for wall and ceiling finishes in a means of egress shall
conform to 6 (h).
(2) Fire separations of a means of egress shall conform to 6 (d).
(3) Elevators or windows shall not be considered as being part of a
required means of egress.
(4) No exterior open fire escape shall be installed on any new building.
(5) Every means of egress shall have a minimum head room of 7' -0.
(b) Number And Location
(1) Where any floor area is divided by walls or partitions into dwelling
units, rooms that are occupied separately or into suites, each room, dwelling
unit, or suite shall have an exterior doorway at grade or a doorway leading
to an exterior balcony or exterior passageway, which is open to the outside
air or to an interior corridor. From the point the doorway enters the
balcony, passageway, or corridor, it shall be possible to go in opposite
directions to two separate exits from the floor area, except as permitted
in (2) and (3).
�„Sst
(2) Exit doors shall be at the ends of corridors except that in apartment
building or buildings where residential accommodation is rented or assigned
on other than a "per diem" basis, the distance between the dead end of a
public hallway and an exit door from a floor area shall not exceed the
width of the hallway or 20 feet whichever is the lesser. There shall not
be more than three dwelling unit entrance doors between the exit and the
end of the public hallway.
(3) In apartment buildings the entrance to a dwelling unit may open off a
stairway if a second entrance is provided that opens onto a separate stair-
way, or corridor leading to a second exit.
(4) One exit is permitted for each dwelling unit in a house where the
entrance door to the dwelling unit is at or near grade level and the exit
is not shared with any other dwelling unit. All other dwelling units in
houses shall have at least two exits.
(5) Required access for a dwelling unit to a floor area exit shall not be
through any other dwelling unit, garage space, furnace room, storage room,
laundry room or similar service area.
(6) Where separate exits are required for a floor area, they shall be
placed as remote from each other as is practicable.
(7) Every room intended for more than 60 persons or larger than 1000 sq.
ft. in area shall have access to 2 exits which may be exit doorways or
doorways to a corridor or corridors giving access to exits.
(8) The travel distance to an exit shall not exceed 100 ft. in unsprinklered
buildings, and 150 feet in sprinklered buildings except that in high hazard
commercial and industrial occupancies the travel distance shall not exceed
75 ft. This distance shall be measured from any point in the floor area to
any exit measured along the path of exit travel except that when floor areas
are subdivided into rooms used singly or suites of rooms and served by
corridors or exterior passageways, the travel distance shall be measured
from the corridor entrance of such rooms or suites to the nearest exit.
(c) Width
(1) Except as otherwise required in (2) and (3) the minimum aggregate
width of a means of egress shall be at least one unit (22 in.) per 30
persons for occupancies providing sleeping areas and one unit per 60
persons in all other occupancies. The number of persons shall be the normal
number of persons for which the floor area is designed but not less than the
number as determined by dividing the floor area by the area per person in
Table 5.
TABLE 5
OCCUPANT LOADS ON DIFFERENT FLOOR AREAS
(2) The minimum width of any corridor which provides access to an exit
from rooms or suites shall be 44 inches.
(3) The minimum width of any exit shall be 36 inches except as permitted
in (d) (10).
(4) No exit shall decrease in width in the direction of exit travel
except as permitted in (d) (10).
Area /Person
Occupancy
(Sq. Ft.)
Offices, sleeping room, kitchens
100
(other than dwelling units) "I
Business, manufacturing, processing,
50
dormitories
Retail stores (ground floor, basement)
30
(second floor)
60
Storage
300
(2) The minimum width of any corridor which provides access to an exit
from rooms or suites shall be 44 inches.
(3) The minimum width of any exit shall be 36 inches except as permitted
in (d) (10).
(4) No exit shall decrease in width in the direction of exit travel
except as permitted in (d) (10).
- 10 -
(5) The total required exit width shall not be reduced by more than 50
per cent if any one exit becomes inaccessible in an emergency.
(d) Doors
(1) Every door between an attached or built -in garage and a house shall be
tight fitting and have a fire endurance rating of at least 20 minutes or
shall be a solid -core wood door at least 1 3/4 inches thick. Such doors
shall be weatherstripped, fitted with a self closing device and shall not
open into a room that is intended for sleeping.
(2) Every door between a dwelling unit and an exit or a means of egress
that is common to two or more dwelling units shall be tight fitting and
have a fire endurance rating of at least 20 minutes or shall be a solid -core
wood door at least 1 3/4 inches thick.
(3) Doors in other fire resistive construction shall conform to 6 (d) (22).
(4) Every revolving door used as an exit shall be the collapsible type and
shall be used only at ground floor level away from the foot of any stairway.
Such doors shall be assumed to provide not more than 2 unit of exit width (12
inches) and shall only be used adjacent to a hinged exit door.
(5) No riser of any stair shall be located within 1 ft. of a door in an
exit.
(6) No hangings or draperies shall be placed over exit doors to obscure
any exit. no mirrors shall be placed on exit doors.
(7) No door shall open directly on to a step except that where there is
a danger of blockage from ice and snow an exit door may -open on to not
more than one step not :exceeding 6 inches in height.
(8) Every door normally required to be kept closed for fire safety shall
be provided with a self closing mechanism. Every door in a fire separation,
other than a door in a stair well, elevator shaft and dumbwaiter shaft that
is normally required to be kept open for a specified purpose, shall be
equipped with an acceptable rate of heat rise, heat actuated device or
fusible links. Such doors are permitted only when the safety of the occupant
is not endangered thereby.
(9) Every door in a means of egress shall be readily openable in the
direction of travel to the exterior without the use of keys. This does not
include entrance doors to dwelling units.
(10) Doors in exits shall be so arranged that when open they will not
diminish the required width of an exit facility by more than 2 inches for
each 22 inches of required exit width. In no case shall the door opening
or openings be less than 3/4 of the total width of exit or means of egress.
(11) Swinging doors shall not reduce the effective width of a stair or
landing to less than 30 inches nor shall they reduce the effective width of
a passageway or hallway to less than the minimum required width.
(12) The minimum clear width of openings for any swinging door shall be not
less than 30 inches nor more than 48 inches.
(13) All exit doors and passageways other than the exit serving as the main
entrance to a room or building shall have exit signs placed over them when
the exits serve a building with an occupant load of over 150.
(14) Doors in a means of egress shall be at least 61 -8" high.
SECTION 6. FIRE PROTECTION
(a) General
(1) i-n this Section where the term fire endurance or fire resistance is
used, it refers to the ability of construction or element of construction
to withstand collapse or undue temperature rise. Fire resistance ratings
shall be determined in accordance with Clause 3.1.3.2. of the National
Building Code, 1965.
- 11 -
(2) Where the term fire separation is used, it refers to construction
acting as a barrier against the spread of fire. Fire resistance ratings
for separations shall be determined as in (1).
(b) Noncombustible Construction
(1) Except as permitted in (2) to (5) noncombustible construction shall
have all structural elements and assemblies constructed of noncombustible
material.
(2) Paint, paper coverings and wood veneer may be used where noncombustible
construction is required, provided they are not more than 1/8 inch thick and
are applied without any concealed space. Such coverings shall have a flame
spread rating of not more than 50.
(3) Insulation or fill used where noncombustible construction is required
shall have a flame spread rating of not more than 25 without continued
progressive combustion throughout the material except that when applied
directly to the top of a roof slab or deck the flame spread limitation does
not apply.
(4) Wood furring strips used where noncombustible construction is required
shall not exceed 2 inches x 2 inches nominal dimension and the spaces are
adequately fire stopped. In the case of walls, these fire stops shall be
placed at floor and ceiling and at intervals not exceeding 8 feet vertically
or horizontally. In the case of floors the fire stopping shall be provided
beneath all permanent walls and at intermediate locations so that the area
of any open space does not exceed 100 square feet.
(5) When noncombustible construction is required, the use of combustible
caulking, millwork, such as trim, window and door frames, finish flooring
and sash may be used. Where wood sash is used in such construction the
windows shall not extend continuously from storey to storey and shall not
exceed 40 per cent of the area of the wall of each storey.
(c) Fire Endurance
Fire endurance of structural elements in buildings other than houses shall
conform to Table 6 but shall not be less than required in Subsection (d)
for fire separations between rooms or spaces, or Subsection (g) for fire
separations between buildings, where applicable.
TABLE 6
MINIMUM REQUIRED FIRE RESISTANCE
For Structural Members and Assemblies
(in Buildings other than Houses)
Minimum Fire Resistance Rating
Floors
Above
Crawl
Load
Spaces (3)
interior
Bearing
Number
Base-
Balconies
Walls,
Class of
of
ments or
Other
or
Columns
Occupancy
Storeys
Cellars
Floors
Mezzanines
Roofs
and Arches
1
% hr.0)
—
% hr.
% hr.
% hr.
Residen-
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
tial
2
% hr.(')
% hr.(')
% hr.
% hr.
Mr.
oY (2)
0> (2)
(1) (2)
Business
1
% hr,(')
—
% hr.
—
—
and
(1) (2)
Personal
2
% hr.0)
—
% hr.
—
—
Services
O> (2>
Mer-
1
% hr.(')
—
—
—
—
cantile
2
% hr.(1)
—
—
—
—
High
1
% hr.(')
—
% hr.
% hr.
% hr.
hazard
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
Commercial
2
is hr. (1)
% hr.
% hr.
% hr_
% hr_
and
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
Industrial
Other
1
% hr.(')
—
% hr.
—
% hr.
Commercial
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
and
2
% hr.(')
—
% hr.
—
% hr.
Industrial
(1) (2)
(1) (2)
- 12 -
NOTES TO TABLE 6
C1) Heavy timber construction is also acceptable. When heavy timber construction
is used for roofs, the limiting width of beams need not apply.
(2) No limiting fire resistance is required if noncombustible construction is
used.
(3) Where no equipment is installed in a crawl space other than service ducts,
and where the crawl space is not used for storage or for the passage of a
flue, the floor immediately above the crawl space need not comply with
this Table for residential, business and personal services, mercantile or
medium and low hazard and commercial and industrial occupancies. In high
hazard and commercial occupancies, note (2) shall apply to such unused
crawl spaces.
(d) Fire Separation Between Rooms And Spaces
(1) Every required fire separation shall be supported by construction having
a fire resistance at least equal to that required by the supported separation.
(2) Where a fire separation is required to be noncombustible, it shall be
supported by noncombustible construction.
(3) Where a fire separation that is required to be noncombustible terminates
,at an exterior wall or roof surface, no combustible material except the
roofing membrane and coatings shall extend across the end or top of the
fire separation to form a bridge where fire could cross. Combustible roofing
membranes other than in houses, shall be covered with a layer of gravel_or
other noncombustible surface.
(4) Combustible construction which abuts or is supported by a noncombustible
fire separation shall be constructed in a manner that its collapse would not
cause the collapse of the fire separation.
(5) No combustible member shall penetrate through a noncombustible fire
separation nor shall it reduce the thickness of the fire separation to less
than 4 inches.
(6) Exits shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not less
than a 3/4 hour f ire separation.
(7) Access to exits from the dwelling unit entrance shall have at least
a 3/4 hour fire separation.
(8) Where two `exit stairs are contiguous, the dividing wall between them
shall provide at least 3/4 hour fire resistance, be smoke tight and have
no doorways or duct work through it.
(9) The walls, floor and ceiling of every service room or public space such
as common lounge areas, storage rooms, laundries, workshops or maintenance
rooms in an apartment building shall be separated from the remainder of the
building by a fire separation of at least one hour.
(10) Crawl spaces or attic or roof spaces which adjoin rooms or spaces
required to have a fire separation shall be divided into separate areas
by not less than the grade of separation required for the part of the
building they adjoin, except thatiE the ceiling beneath the attic space is
at least equal to the grade of separation required, such attic spaces need
not be subdivided.
(11) Attached or built -in garages for buildings other than houses shall be
separated from other parts of the building by at least a 12 hour fire
separation except that where there are not more than 5 cars, a one hour
fire separation is permitted in the case of apartment buildings. Garage
floors shall be noncombustible.
- 13 -
(12) Where a house contains more than 2 dwelling units, a one hour fire
separation shall be provided between an attached or built -in garage and
sleeping areas, and a 2 hour fire separation between unattached or built -
in garage and other parts of the house.
(13) Except as provided in (14) and (15), every boiler or furnace room,
machinery room containing hazardous substances or incerators shall be
separated from the remainder of the building by a l2 hour fire separation
except that where there is no occupancy above the room and the enclosing
walls pierce the roof, the roof construction shall provide at least 3/4
hour fire resistance, or be of heavy timber construction, or be noncombustible.
Machinery rooms containing no hazardous substances shall be separated from
the remainder of the building by a one hour fire separation.
(14) In houses, a one hour fire separation shall be provided between a dwelling
unit and a room containing a heating unit serving more than one dwelling unit.
(15) In low and medium hazard commercial and industrial buildings, process
rooms where hazardous substances are used shall be separated from the
remainder of the building by a 2 hour fire separation or shall be protected
in other approved manner. Vaults or rooms, in such buildings where hazardous
substances are stored, shall be separated from the remainder of the building
by a 3 hour f ire separation.
(16) Every interior wall enclosing a kitchen, except a kitchen in a dwelling
unit, shall have a 1 hour fire resistance rating.
(17) Except as provided for in (18) and (19), the fire separation between
any two major occupancies in a building shall be at least equal to the
greater rating required in Table 7 for major occupancies concerned.
TABLE 7
FIRE SEPARATIONS BETWEEN OCCUPANCIES
Major Occupancies Fire
Separation
Residential, Business and Personal
Services and Low Hazard Commercial and
Industrial
Mercantile, Medium Hazard Commercial
and Industrial
High Hazard Commercial and Industrial
1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
(18) Where not more than 2 dwelling units are contained within a building
together with a mercantile occupancy, the separation between the two
occupancies may be reduced to a 1 hour fire separation.
(19) Excepting a floor area occupied by a residential occupancy or a
floor area which is sprinklered, any floor area which is leased to more
than one tenant of the same occupancy shall have the space occupied by
each tenant separated from other tenantts space by a 1 hour fire separation.
(20) Sleeping rooms occupied individually and suites or dwelling units in
hotels and other residential buildings shall be separated from adjacent
rooms, suites and corridors by at least a 3/4 hour fire separation.
(21) In residential occupancies any room where hazardous substances are
used shall be equipped with sprinklers or other suitable fire extinguishing
equipment. Such rooms shall be separated from other rooms by a 2 hour fire
separation.
(22) When a doorway or other opening or a shaft occurs in an interior wall,
partition, or floor which is required to provide a fire separation, the
opening shall be equipped with a closure conforming to Table 8.
- 14 -
TABLE 8
MINIMUM FIRE RESISTANCE OF CLOSURES AND SHAFTS IN FIRE SEPARATIONS
Required
Separation
Required
of Wall or
Required Fire
Required Fire
Resistance of
Floor Con-
Resistance of
Resistance of
Closures in
struction (hr.)
Closure (hr.)
Shafts(hr.)
Shafts (hr.)
Y4
X (1) (z)
/
/ w
i
% (U (2)
%
Y R)
1Y
1
1
2
NOTES TO TABLE 8
(1) Wired glass at least 4 in. thick set in steel frames or glass block panels
may be considered as providing a fire resistance of 3/4 hour for closures,
providing the wired glass area does not exceed 9 sq. ft. per panel.
(2) May be solid -core wood door 1 3/4 in. thick or equivalent. (See also 5 (d)
(1) and (2).
(23) Fire protection is not required for steel lintels over openings which
are 6 ft. or less in width in load bearing walls, or 10 ft. or less in
width in non load bearing walls. Such openings may be wider provided that
the lintels are supported at not more than 6 ft. intervals by a construction
with the required fire resistance.
(24) The bottom flanges of shelf angles and plates that are not part of
the structural frame need not be protected.
(25) Steel stair members need not be protected.
(26) Steel members in porches, exterior balconies, exterior stairs,
cornices, marquees and similar construction need not be protected provided
they are entirely outside of an exterior wall providing the required
fire resistance.
(e) Fire Stopping
(1) Fire stops shall be provided at ceiling, floor and roof levels to
_ cut off completely all (oncealed horizontal and vertical draft openings
occurring between storeys and between the top storey and roof space.
This includes spaces between furring or framing as well as around ducts
and pipes which are not tightly fitted into the surrounding construction.
Vertical distance between stops shall not exceed 8 feet.
(2) Fire stopping for pipes and ducts shall consist of tight fitting
metal caps or other suitable noncombustible material.
(3) Fire stopping between wood framing or furring shall consist of
the equivalent of 2 in. nominal thickness of lumber tightly fitted
between spaces, 2 in. plywood with joints backed or two thicknesses of
not less than 1 in. nominal lumber with joints staggered or other
suitable noncombustible material.
(4) A duct that passes through a fire - resistive floor, wall or ceiling
shall be fitted with an automatic damper that operates at a temperature
approximately 500F above the maximum temperature that will be normally
encountered in the system.
- 15 -
(f) Fire Separation Between Houses
(1) A party wall or wall of a house built on the boundary between two
properties shall be a 1 hour fire separation without window or door
openings.
(2) A wall of a house that is less than 4 ft. from the boundary between
two properties shall'be a 3/4 hour fire separation without window or door
openings.
(3) A wall of a house shall be no closer to the boundary between the two
properties than the aggregate width of the windows in any one room or
combination room which are more than 2 ft. high and which face the boundary.
(4) A wall or part of a house that is less than 2 ft. from the boundary
between two properties shall have a noncombustible exterior cladding.
(5) A wall of a garage or auxiliary building that is less than 2 ft. from
the boundary between two properties shall be a 3/4 hour fire separation.
(6) Where there are two or more houses on the same "property or where there
are separate dwelling units opposite each other on the same property, the
requirements of (1) to (5) shall be applicable to "an assumed line between
the buildings" in lieu of "a boundary between two properties."
(g) Fire Separations Between Buildings (Other Than Houses)
(1) Common or party walls of buildings classed as mercantile or high or
medium hazard commercial and industrial occupancy shall be noncombustible
and provide at least 4 hours fire resistance. In other occupancies, a
noncombustible construction providing at least 2 hour fire resistance shall
be provided.
(2) Except as provided in (1), exterior walls in buildings classed as
mercantile or high or medium hazard commercial and industrial occupancy
shall provide at least 2 hours fire resistance and have noncombustible
exterior cladding when the permitted amount of openings in the wall (see
(4)) does not exceed 25 per cent of the total wall area. When the permitted
openings are 10% or less, such walls shall be of noncombustible construction.
When the openings are permitted to be 25 to 99 %, the walls shall provide
at lease 3/4 hour fire resistance or be of heavy timber construction or
noncombustible construction.
(3) Except as provided in (1), exterior walls in buildings of occupancies
other than mercantile or high or medium hazard commercial and industrial,
shall be the same as described in (2) except that the fire resistance
may be reduced to 1 hour where the permitted amount of wall openings in
Table 9 does not exceed 25 per cent of the exposed wall area.
(4) 'The unprotected openings in the side or rear walls shall not exceed
those listed in 'Table 9.
TABLE 9
MAXIMUM PERCENTAGE OF EXTERIOR BUILDING FACE THAT MAY
CONSIST OF UNPROTECTED OPENINGS (1) (4)
Maximum Area
Limiting Distance(9)
of Exterior
Less
Building
than
Face�2)
4 ft.
4 ft.
6 ft.
8 ft.
10 ft.
15 ft.
20 ft.
30 ft.
50 ft.
Up to 300 sq. ft.
0
12
17
25
35
68
100
—
—
300 to 399 sq. ft.
0
11
is
21
29
54
89
100
—
400 to 499 sq. ft.
0
11
14
19
25
45
73
100
—
500 to 999 sq. ft.
0
9
10
14
17
28
43
88
100
Over 999 sq. ft.
0
6
7
10
12
17
23
41
100
- 16 -
NOTES TO TABLE 9
(1) For stores and high or moderate hazard commercial and industrial buildings,
the allowable percentage of openings shall be 2 the values in the above
tabulation.
(2) Exterior building face refers to that portion of a building bounded by the
grade lines, the uppermost ceiling, or any wall or floor that provides at
least the following fire separation:
Mercantile, or high or medium hazard Commercial
& Industrial Occupancy 2 hours
All other occupancies 1 hour
(3) The limiting distance is the distance measured perpendicular from the
exterior building face to a property line or the centre line of a street
or lane, or to an imaginary line between two buildings on the same property
or to an imaginary line between two parts of the same building which are
required to be separated from each other.
(h) Flame Spread Limitations
(1) Except for doors, interior wall and ceiling finishes in apartment
buildings shall have a flame spread rating of not more than 150.
(2) unless a building is sprinklered at least 90 per cent of the ceiling
in an exit or access to an exit shall have a flame spread rating of not
more than 25.
(3) Unless a building is sprinklered at least 90 per cent of the walls
in an exit or access to an exit shall have a flame spread rating of not
more than 75, or the upper half of such walls shall have a flame spread
rating of not more than 25. Doors are excluded from this requirement.
(4) Flame spread ratings shall be determined in accordance with ASTM
Specification E84 -61, or shall be as listed by the Underwriters' Labor-
atories of Canada, or as listed in Supplement No. 2 of the National
Building Code.
(i) Laundry Chutes (Other Than In Houses)
(1) Laundry chutes shall be lined throughout with corrosion resistant
sheet metal.
(2) Service openings to such chutes shall be equipped with an acceptable
self closing hopper door. Openings to such chutes shall not be located
in an exit or a stairway.
(3) The minimum cross sectional dimension of the chute shall be 9 in.
and the minimum area 1 square foot. There shall be neither offset nor
decrease in cross section between the top of the chute and the point of
discharge.
( j ) Refuse Chutes
(1) Refuse chutes shall be of noncombustible material separated from the
remainder of the building by a construction providing a fire separation of
at least 1 hour.
l2) Chutes shall be lined throughout with corrosion resistant sheet
metal not less than 28 galvanized steel (sheet) gauge steel or 0.019 in.
thick aluminum or equal.
(3) There shall be neither offset nor decrease in cross section between
the top of the chute and the point of discharge.
(4) Every service opening into such chutes shall be located in a separate
room or compartment enclosed by walls, floor and ceiling providing a fire
separation of not less than 1 hour.
- 17 -
(5) Such room or compartment shall be of sufficient depth to permit
the door to close with the hopper door in any position. Access to such
room or compartment shall not be in an exit.
(6) Refuse chutes shall discharge into a room or compartment enclosed
by walls, floor and ceiling having a fire separation not less than 2 hours.
The entrance to such room or compartment shall be equipped with an accept-
able self closing door. The discharge end of such chutes shall--be equipped
with a self closing door or with an automatic fire damper operated by a
fusible link or similar device.
(7) The installation shall be designed so that the normal accummulation
of refuse does not hinder the operation of this self closing door or damper.
(8) Every refuse chute shall be provided with equipment for washing down
purposes.
(9) Approved automatic sprinklers shall be installed at the top of a
refuse chute, at alternate floor levels and in the bin or room into which
the chute discharges.
(k) Incinerators
(1) The design, construction and installation of any incinerator shall
conform to "The Standard For Incinerators" NFPA -82 published by the
National Fire Protection Association, International and to this Section.
(2) Every service opening into a combined flue and chute shall be equipped
with an acceptable self - closing hopper door designed and installed so that
no part projects into the chute.
(3) No service opening shall be located in a stairway or in any part of
the combustion zone of an incinerator.
(4) Every incinerator flue shall terminate in an acceptable spark
arrester.
(5) Where auxiliary fuel is supplied to maintain or assist combustion a
shut off cock shall be installed in an accessible location on the fuel
supply line.
(6) Incinerator rooms shall be supplied with an adequate amount of air
for combustion and ventilation.
(1) Alarm And Detection Systems
(1) Fire alarm and.fire detection systems shall be provided for residential
occupancies with sleeping accommodation for 10 or more persons except as
permitted in (2).
(2) Where residential buildings have direct access to the outdoors from
each dwelling unit or level or to a balcony leading to stairs to ground
level a fire alarm or fire detection system is not required.
(3) Smoke detectors connected to a restricted alarm shall be installed in
all exhaust fans in mechanical ventilation systems serving areas providing
sleeping accommodation.
(4) Fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be provided in low hazard
commercial and industrial occupancies where more than 75 persons are
employed above or below street level, and in high or medium hazard commercial
and industrial occupancies where more than 20 persons are employed above or
below street level.
(5) Fire alarm systems required by this Subsection shall be installed in
accordance with the requirements of Section 6. 7, of Part 6 of the National
Building Code.
- 18 -
(m) Sprinkler Systems
(1) Any building or part thereof used or intended for high hazard commercial
and industrial occupancies shall be equipped with suitable fire extinguishing
equipment, such as a standard installation of automatic sprinklers, a carbon
dioxide system, a dry chemical system or other such protection as is required
by the authority having jurisdiction.
(2) Sprinkler systems, when provided, shall conform to Subsection 6.7.5.
of the National Building Code.
SECTION 7. FOUNDATIONS
(a) Depth
Foundation depth shall conform to Table 10 unless past experience shows that
lesser depths are satisfactory, or if the foundation follows a specially
prepared engineering design for lesser depths.
TABLE 10
MINIMUM DEPTHS OF FOUNDATIONS
NOTES TO TABLE 10
a
(1) The types of soil listed in Table 10 may be identified according to the "Guide
to the Field Description of Soil Types" published by the Associate Committee
on Soil and Snow Mechanics, National Research Council, Ottawa.
(2) Depth of frost penetration shall be as established by the authority having
jurisdiction.
(b) Excavations
The bottom of all excavations shall be level and free from organic materials.
For concrete slabs on grade, the base shall be well compacted or consolidated.
The soil under footings shall be left undisturbed. (See also Section 3 (e)).
(c) Fill
(1) Backfill shall be placed carefully against the foundation walls to
avoid damaging the walls or injuring any water - proofing, and to level
sufficiently above the finish grade so that future settlement of the backf ill
will not cause the final grade to slope towards the foundation.
(2) Where a vapour barrier is not installed beneath a basement floor slab,
at least 5 inches of coarse clean granular fill shall be provided. Fill
beneath slabs on grade shall be well compacted.
Foundations Containing
Heated Basements,
Foundation Containing
Cellars, or Crawl Space
No Heated Space
Good Soil
Good Soil
Drainage to
Drainage to
at Least the
at Least the
Depth of
Depth of
Type of
Frost
Poor Soil
Frost
Poor Soil
Soilo)
Penetration
Drainage
Penetration
Drainage
Rock
No limit
No limit
No limit
No limit
Coarse
No limit
No limit
No limit
Below the
grained
depth of frost
soils
penetration(2)
Silt
No limit
No limit
Below the
Below the
depth of frost
depth of frost
penetration(2)
penetration(2)
Clay or
4 ft. but not
4 ft. but not
soils not 4 ft.
4 ft.
less than the
less than the
dearly
depth of frost
depth of frost
defined
penetration(2)
penetration(2)
NOTES TO TABLE 10
a
(1) The types of soil listed in Table 10 may be identified according to the "Guide
to the Field Description of Soil Types" published by the Associate Committee
on Soil and Snow Mechanics, National Research Council, Ottawa.
(2) Depth of frost penetration shall be as established by the authority having
jurisdiction.
(b) Excavations
The bottom of all excavations shall be level and free from organic materials.
For concrete slabs on grade, the base shall be well compacted or consolidated.
The soil under footings shall be left undisturbed. (See also Section 3 (e)).
(c) Fill
(1) Backfill shall be placed carefully against the foundation walls to
avoid damaging the walls or injuring any water - proofing, and to level
sufficiently above the finish grade so that future settlement of the backf ill
will not cause the final grade to slope towards the foundation.
(2) Where a vapour barrier is not installed beneath a basement floor slab,
at least 5 inches of coarse clean granular fill shall be provided. Fill
beneath slabs on grade shall be well compacted.
SAM
(d) Subsurface Drainage
(1) Unless otherwise permitted by the authority having jurisdiction, all
exterior foundation walls and crawl spaces shall be drained either by
gravity or by the use of a sump pump to a suitable drainage system such
as a storm sewer or dry well.
(2) Where drainage tile is required it shall be laid around the exterior
of foundations so that the top of the pipe is below the bottom of the
concrete slab or crawl space floor. The drain tile shall be covered with
6 inches of crushed rock, coarse clean gravel or other porous material.
(e) Unstable Soil
All foundations in areas having unstable soil conditions shall be designed
by a recognized authority. Actual construction shall be in accordance with
the design approved by the authority having jurisdiction.
(f) Footings
(1) Except as provided in (3) below, footings shall be at least 6 inches
thick and shall project at least 4 inches on either side of the foundation
wall, but not more than the thickness of the footing unless suitably
reinforced.
(g)
(2) Footings supporting piers or columns shall be at least 4 square feet
in area for one - storey buildings and 6 square feet for two - storey buildings.
(3) Footings may be omitted under solid concrete walls, provided the
safe - bearing capacity of the soil or rock is not exceeded.
Foundation Walls
(1) Exterior foundation walls shall extend at least 6 inches above final
grade.
(2) Crack control joints shall be placed in foundation walls exceeding
80 feet in one direction at about 40 ft. intervals, and shall be designed
to resist moisture penetration.
(3) The thickness of exterior foundation walls shall conform to Table
11 where average, stable soils are encountered.
TABLE 11
MINIMM THICIUMSS OF 4 ► !
(UNSUPPORTED HEIGHT NOT EXCEEDUM
NOTES TO TABLE 11
(1) Except as provided in note (2), foundation walls are considered as laterally
supported at the top if the floor joists are embedded in the top of the
foundation walls or if the floor system is anchored to the top of the
foundation walls with anchor bolts. The joists may run either parallel or
perpendicular to the foundation wall in such cases.
(2) When a foundation wall contains an opening or openings greater than 4 feet in
length or contains openings in more than 25 per cent of the length of the
wall, that portion of the wall beneath such openings shall be considered as
being laterally unsupported.
Maximum Height of Finish Grade
Above Basement Floor or Inside Grade
Foundation Wall
Foundation Wall
Type of
Wall
Laterally
Laterally
Founda-
Thickness
Unsupported
Supported
tion Wall
(in.)
at the Top(') (2)
at the Top (1) (2)
Solid
6
2 ft. 6 in.
5 ft.
Concrete
8
4 ft.
7 ft.
10
4 ft. 6 in.
7 ft. 6 in.
12
5 ft.
7 ft. 6 in.
Unit
6
2 ft.
2 ft.
Masonry
8
3 ft.
4 ft.
10
4 ft.
6 ft.
12
4 ft. 6 in.
7 ft.
NOTES TO TABLE 11
(1) Except as provided in note (2), foundation walls are considered as laterally
supported at the top if the floor joists are embedded in the top of the
foundation walls or if the floor system is anchored to the top of the
foundation walls with anchor bolts. The joists may run either parallel or
perpendicular to the foundation wall in such cases.
(2) When a foundation wall contains an opening or openings greater than 4 feet in
length or contains openings in more than 25 per cent of the length of the
wall, that portion of the wall beneath such openings shall be considered as
being laterally unsupported.
- 20 -
(4) Where the top of a house foundation wall is reduced in thickness to
extend up to the top of the floor joists, the reduced section shall be
not higher than 14 inches and not less than 3 5/8 inches thick.
(5) Where a foundation wall is reduced in thickness to permit the
installation of a masonry exterior facing, the reduced section shall be
at least 3 5/8 inches thick and tied to the facing material with metal
ties having a minimum cross sectional area of .018 square inches spaced
not more than 8 in. o.c. vertically and 36 in. o.c. horizontally.
(6) Concrete shall be kept at a temperature of not less than 500F for
72 hours after placing. Concrete for footings and foundation walls shall
have a minimum compressive strength after 28 days of 2000 psi and shall
be mixed and placed in accordance with requirements in Section 4.5 of
the National Building Code of Canada, 1965. Solid concrete foundation
walls shall not be subjected to any loads until sufficient strength has
developed in the concrete to support the loads.
(7) masonry units shall be of a load - bearing type. Foundation walls
made with hollow units shall be capped with solid masonry or concrete,
or have the top course filled with mortar or concrete, or be capped
with a nominal 2 inch thick wood sill plate the same width as the wall
except that a 2 inch by 4 inch sill may be used when the exterior siding
is of the type that overlaps the foundation wall at least 2 inch.
SECTION 8. BASEMENT, CELLAR AND CRAWL SPACE COLUMNS
(a) General
Columns shall be designed to support the applicable design loads in
Section 4(e) in accordance with the requirements in Part 4 of the
National Building Code of Canada, 1965, except that in residential
buildings with wood frame floor systems, the columns described in (b),
(c), (d), and (e) shall be acceptable.
(b) Unit Masonry Columns
unit masonry basement, cellar and crawl space columns shall be made of
load bearing type units with nominal dimensions of not less than 12
inches by 12 inches or 10 inches by 16 inches.
(c) Solid Concrete Columns
Solid concrete basement, cellar and crawl space columns shall have a
cross - section of not less than 8 in. x 8 in. if square and 9 in. diameter
if round.
(d) Steel Columns
Steel columns supporting beams in basements, cellars and crawl spaces
shall be at least 2 7/8 in. o.d. with not less than 3/16 in. wall thick-
ness, except that proprietary columns with other dimensions may be used
where load bearing capacities have been determined provided columns are
spaced so that they will not be overstressed. Steel columns shall have
a coating of rust - inhibitive paint and have steel bearing plates at each
end.
(e) Wood Columns
Wood columns in basements, cellars and crawl spaces shall be at least 6
inches square. Columns shall not be embedded in concrete and shall be
separated from the concrete by damp- proofing material.
- 21 -
SECTION 9. DAMPPROOFING AND WATERPROOFING
(a) Waterproofing Walls Below Grade
Where hydrostatic pressure is likely to occur, all exterior surfaces of
basement or cellar walls below grade shall be waterproofed by covering
the walls with two layers of bitumen - saturated membrane, with each layer
being cemented in place with bitumen and coated overall with a heavy
coating of bitumen. Unit masonry walls shall be parged before being
waterproofed.
(b) Waterproofing Floors Below Grade
Where hydrostatic pressure is likely to occur, concrete floor slabs
adjacent to the ground shall be waterproofed by placing a system of
membrane water - proofing between 2 layers of concrete each of which is
at least 3 inches thick and by mopping the floor waterproofing membrane
to the exterior wall waterproofing to form a complete seal.
(c) Dampproofing Walls Below Grade
(1) Where hydrostatic pressure is not likely to occur, all exterior
surfaces of foundation walls below grade shall be dampproofed by
applying at least one heavy coat of bituminous or other acceptable
dampproofing. Unit masonry walls shall be parged before applying the
dampproofing.
(2) interior surfaces of foundation walls shall be dampproofed below
grade if they enclose habitable space. 1xhis dampproofing shall not
extend above grade. Such dampproofing shall consist of at least 2
mil. polyethylene lapped 4 in. at the joints, at least two mopped on
coats of bitumen, or material providing equivalent performance.
(d) Dampproofing Slabs On Grade
(1) When installed below the slab, dampproofing shall consist of
4 -mil. polyethylene applied over dry felt, or 6 mil. polyethylene, or
45 lb. roofing lapped at least 4 inches at the joints.
(2) When installed above the slab, dampproofing shall consist of at
least 2 mil. polyethylene lapped at least 4 inches at joints, or 2
mopped -on coats of bitumen.
(e) crawl Spaces
Crawl spaces shall be dampproofed by a layer of 45 lb. rool roofing, or
4 mil. polyethylene, lapped at least 4 inches at the joints.
(f) Dampproofing Basement And Cellar Slabs
Where hydrostatic pressure is not likely to occur, basement and cellar
floor slabs shall be dampproofed by means of a vapour barrier installed
according to the requirements for slabs on grade, or placed on at least
5 inches thick fill consisting of coarse clean granular material.
(g) Caulking
Caulking shall be provided at any location where necessary to prevent
the entrance of water into the structure.
SECTION 10. FLASHING
(a) Material
Flashing shall consist of sheet lead, copper, galvanized steel, zinc,
aluminum or roll roofing. Where flashing is concealed, polyethylene film
may also be used. Aluminum must be suitably coated to protect it from
contact with masonry or concrete.
- 22 -
(b) Required Locations In Walls
(1) Flashing shall be provided over the back and top of parapet walls,
over heads of openings (where the vertical distance from the bottom of
the eave to the top of the opening is more than 4 of the horizontal
overhang of the eave), under jointed window sills, beneath weep holes
in cavity walls or masonry veneer walls.
(2) Flashing shall be installed so that it leads the water to the
exterior and does not trap water within the structure.
(c) Required Location In Roofs
(1) Flashing shall be installed at the intersection of walls or chimneys
with roofs.
(2) Eaves shall be protected with 45 lb. roll roofing, 2 layers of 15
lb. felt, or 6 mil. polyethylene on roofs having a slope of 4 in 12 or
more and shall extend from the roof edge to a line at least 12 in. inside
and parallel to, the inner face of the exterior wall. Protection may be
omitted over unheated garages, carports, porches or where the roof overhang
exceeds 3 feet.
(3) Valley flashing shall consist of 24 inch wide sheet metal or roll
roof ing.
SECTION 11. THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOUR BARRIERS
(a) Vapour Barriers
11) vapour barriers shall be installed on the warm side of insulation
if insulation, when installed, does not effectively limit the passage of
water vapour over the entire surface.
(2) Materials for vapour barriers shall conform to CGSB Specification
"Vapour Barriers; Sheet for Use in Above -Grade Building Construction,"
70 -GP -1 1960, published by the Canadian Government Specifications Board.
Type 1 Vapour Barriers shall be used where a high resistance to vapour
movement is required, such as in wall construction that incorporates
exterior cladding having a low water vapour permanence. Type 11 Vapour
Barriers may be used in all other construction.
(3) All joints shall be located over supporting members and lap at
least 1 in. The entire surface, including framing members, shall be
protected with the vapour barrier so that no gaps occur. Openings shall
be cut in such a manner that the vapour barrier fits snugly around
electrical outlets, registers, etc., without damaging the insulation.
Damaged vapour barriers shall be repaired or replaced.
(b) Insulation
(1) Material for insulation that is in contact with the ground shall be
inert to the action of soil and water. The insulating property shall not
be significantly reduced by moisture.
(2) Insulation shall be installed in such a manner that there is a
reasonably uniform insulating value over the entire face of the
insulated area.
(3) Loose fill insulation may be used on horizontal surfaces only, except
that specially designed granular types are acceptable for cavity wall
construction in the cavity between the outer and inner wythes.
(4) insulation of foundation walls enclosing heated habitable space or
a crawl space used as a warm air plenum shall extend at least 12 inches
below adjacent grade.
(5) insulation around concrete slabs on grade shall extend at least 12
inches below exterior grade and be located so that heat from the house is
not restricted from reaching the ground beneath the perimeter if exterior
walls are not supported by footings extending below frost level.
- 23 -
(6) Where insulation is exposed to the weather and subject to mechanical
damage, it shall be protected.
(7) Insulation in construction that is required to be noncombustible
shall conform to'the requirements in Section 6(b).
SECTION 12. STAIRS, HANDRAILS, GUARDS
(a) General
(1) breads and risers shall have uniform rise and run in any one flight
and shall be uniform in width and height in successive flights in any
stair system.
(2) At least 3 risers shall be provided for interior stairs located in
exits. At least 2 risers shall be provided for interior stairs which do
not form part of an exit, except that a single riser is permitted between
a floor level and an adjacent landing within a dwelling unit in other than
main stairways and between adjacent floors within a dwelling unit provided
the riser is at least 4 ft. 6 in. in length and does not occur adjacent to
a door.
(3) Where the stair forms part of means of egress, the appropriate
requirements in Section 5, "Means of tigress" and Section 6, "Fire
Protection ", also apply. Where there is a difference in requirements,
the more restrictive requirements shall govern.
(b) Stair Dimensions
(1) _nterior stairs within dwelling units to areas used only for storage,
laundry and mechanical equipment such as unfinished basements, cellars and
attics, shall have a maximum rise of 9 in., a minimum run of 8 in. and a
minimum tread width of 9 in.
(2) Interior stairs within dwelling units other than those listed in (1)
and exterior stairs for houses shall have a maximum rise of 8 in., a
minimum run of 82 in. and a minimum tread width of 92 in., except that a
minimum run of 84 in. and minimum tread width of 94 in. shall be permitted
if the rise does not exceed 7 3/4 in.
(3) interior stairs not contained within dwelling units and exterior
stairs for buildings other than houses shall have a maximum rise of 7 3/4
in., a minimum run of 92 in. and a minimum tread width of 10 in. The
product of the run and rise for such stairs shall be not less than 70 nor
more than 75.
(4) Where the run of any stair is less than 10 in., a nosing of at least
1 in. shall be provided beyond the face of the riser or an equivalent back
slope on the risers shall be provided.
(5) At lease one stairway between each floor level in a dwelling unit and
all common staarways in buildings shall have a minimum width between wall
faces of at least 3 ft. (See also Section 5, "Means of Egress. ")
(6) The clear height, measured vertically from a line drawn through the
outer edges of the nosings shall be at least 6 ft. 4 in. for stairs
located in dwelling units and 7 ft. for all other stairs in a building.
(c) Landings
U) Landings shall be at least as wide and as long as the width of the
stairs in which they occur, except that in a straight run, the length of
the landing need not exceed 44 in.
(2) Where a door swings towards a stair, the full arc of its swing shall
be over a landing. A space equivalent to the dimension for a landing
shall be provided at the top and bottom of each flight of stairs, and
where a doorway occurs in a stairway. A landing shall be provided at the
top of all exterior stairs, except that a landing may be omitted at a
secondary entrance to a house provided the stair does not contain more than
3 risers.
- 24 -
(3) The vertical height between any landings shall not exceed 12 feet.
(4) The clear height over landings shall be at least 6 ft. 4 in. in
dwelling units and 7 ft. for all other stairs.
(d) Winders
(1) Winders are not permitted in any exit stairway.
(2) A stairway shall have not more than one set of winders between
floor levels.
(3) Winders shall provide a turn of not more than 90 0
.
(4) Winder treads shall form an angle of 30 0
.
(5) misers shall equal those of the stair in which the winders occur.
(e) Ramps
(1) The maximum gradient for pedestrian ramps shall be 1 in 10.
(2) Where a doorway or stairway opens on to a ramp through the side
of the ramp there shall be a level area extending across the full
width of the passage way and for a distance of at least 12 in. on
either side of the wall opening.
(3) Where a doorway or stairway opens on to a ramp at the end of the
ramp, there shall be a level area extending across its full width and
along its length for at least 36 in.
(f) Handrails And Guards
(1) When an interior stair has more than 2 risers, the sides of the
stiar and the landing on floor level around the stair well shall be
enclosed by walls or be protected by handrails or balustrades, except
that a stair to an unfinished basement or cellar in a dwelling unit
may have one unprotected side. When an exterior stair has more than
3 risers, at least one open side shall be protected by handrails or
balustrades. All exterior landings, porches and stairs with more than
6 risers shall be protected by handrails on all open sides.
(2) At least one handrail or balustrade shall be provided for interior
stairs of more than 2 risers and exterior stairs of more than 3 risers
when the stairs are'not more than 44 in. wide. When the stairs are more
than 44 in. wide, handrails or balustrades shall be provided on both
sides of the stair. When the stairway is more than 88 in. wide,
intermediate handrails shall also be provided so that the distance
between handrails shall not exceed 66 in.
(3) in closed interior stairways, handrails may be omitted at the
landing if the length of the landing between two stair flights is
greater than the width of the stairs.
(4) Handrails and balustrades for stairs within dwelling units and
exterior steps for houses shall be at least 2 ft. 6 in. above a line
drawn through the outside edges of stair nosings and 2 ft. 8 in. above
landings.
(5) Handrails and balustrades for stairs in a shared means of egress
shall be at least 2 ft. 8 in. above a line drawn through the outside
edges of the stair nosings and 3 ft. above landings. All other guard
rails or balustrades including balconies shall be at least 3 ft. 6 in.
high. Openings in or beneath balcony railings shall not exceed 4 in.
(6) nandrails shall be so constructed that there will be no obstruction
on or above them to break a hand hold.
(g)
- 25 -
(7) tiandrails shall not project more than 32 in. into the required
stiarway or exit width.
(8) Where ramps are used in lieu of stairs, the handrail and guard
requirements for stairs shall apply.
Construction
(1) Exterior stairs rising more than 12 ft. above grade shall be made
of noncombustible material.
(2) Exterior stairs with more than two risers and two treads shall be
supported on unit masonry or concrete walls or piers or shall be
cantilevered from the main foundation wall. When the steps are can-
tilevered, the main foundation wall shall be at least 8 in. thick
solid concrete.
(3) Wooden stair stringers shall have a minimum effective depth of
32" and an overall depth of at least 92 in. Stringers, shall be
supported and secured top and bottom. Stringers shall be at least 1 1/16
in. thick if supported along their length and l 5/8 in. thick if
unsupported along their length. Wood stringers shall be spaced not more
than 3 ft. o.c. in dwelling units and 2 ft. o.c. when located in other
than dwelling units.
(4) Lumber or plywood treads for stairs within dwelling units shall
be at least 1 in. thick, except that'if open risers are used, and the
distance between stringers exceeds 2 ft. 6 in., the treads shall be at
least 1 5/8 in. thick.
(5) The finish for treads and landings of stairs, other than those in
dwelling units or at the entrance to houses, shall have a non -skid finish
or shall be provided with non -skid strips.
SECTION 13. CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS
(a) Basement And Cellar Floors
Floors shall have a minimum thickness of 3 in., exclusive of topping
and shall be sloped to the floor drain.
(b) Slabs On Grade
(1) Slabs on grade with perimeter foundation walls shall be at least
32 in. thick exclusive of topping. When located in slabs, ducts shall
be encased with at least 2 in. of concrete unless crush - resistant
waterproof ducts are used. Slabs shall be reinforced with the
equivalent of 6 in. x 6 in., 6 ga. mesh. The top of the slab shall
be at least 6 in. above grade.
(2) Slabs on grade that do not have perimeter foundation walls shall
be designed for existing soil conditions according to accepted engineering
practice and past experience in the area. Requirements for such slabs
shall be not less than those described in (1).
(c) Concrete
Unreinforced concrete slabs shall have a minimum compressive strength
of 2000 psi and concrete for reinforced slabs shall have a minimum
compressive strength of 2500 psi and have a maximum slump of 3 in.
SECTION 14. MASONRY WALLS ABOVE GRADE
(a) General
(1) Used bricks may be employed if they are free of old mortar, soot or
other surface coating.
- 26 -
(2) Glass blocks and gypsum masonry shall not be used as load bearing
units or in the construction of fireplaces or chimneys. Gypsum block
shall not be exposed to soil, weather or other dampness. masonry
made with framed concrete shall not be used in contact with the soil or
exposed to the weather, unless accepted by the authority having
jurisdiction for this purpose.
(3) Masonry units shall be sound and durable.
(4) Mortar and masonry shall be maintained at a temperature of at
least 400F during laying and for at least 48 hours after laying.
(5) The top surface of uncompleted masonry exposed to the weather
shall be completely covered with a waterproof material when construction
is not in progress.
(b) Mortar
(1) Water and aggregate shall be clean and free of significant amounts
of deleterious materials.
(2) If lime putty is used in preparing mortar, it shall be made by
slaking quicklime in water for at least 24 hours or soaking hydrated
lime in water for at least 12 hours.
(3) Mortar shall be mixed to the proportions specified in Table 12.
Mortar containing cement shall not be used later than 22 hours after
mixing.
TABLE 12
MORTAR MIX PROPORTIONS
(By Volume)
Permissible Use
of Mortar
Portland
Cement
Masonry
Cement
(Type H)
Lime
Aggregate
All locations (1)
M to 1
1
—
1
—
Y4 toM
All locations,(') except:
—
1
foundation walls and
1
—
Y2 to 1Y4
piers
Not less than 2 M
All locations, except
1
—
1Y4 to 2H
and not more
than 3 times the
load bearing walls of
sum of the
hollow units
volumes of the
All non load bearing
fl
—
2Y4 to 4
cement and lime
Partitions and all load
—
—
1
bearing walls of solid
units except
foundation walls
NOTE TO TABLE 12
(1) Must not be used for sand -lime brick or concrete brick. Where sand -lime
or concrete brick is used, a mix consisting of 1 part masonry cement to
3 parts aggregate by volume may be used.
(4) Mortar for gypsum units shall consist of one part gypsum and not
more than 3 parts aggregate by weight.
(5) Mortar for glass block shall consist of 1 part portland cement, 1
part hydrated lime to not more than 4 parts aggregate, by volume.
(c) Mortar Joints
(1) Maximum average joint thickness shall be 2 in. Maximum thickness
of an individual joint shall be 3/4 in.
(2) Solid masonry units shall be laid with full head and bed joints.
- 27 -
(3) Hollow masonry units shall be laid with mortar applied to head
and bed joints of both inner and outer face shells.
(d) masonry Support
(1) All masonry shall be supported on masonry, concrete or steel.
(2) Masonry over openings shall be supported by steel, reinforced
concrete or masonry lintels or arches designed to support the imposed
load.
(e) Thickness And Height
(1) Masonry exterior walls, other than cavity walls, in one storey
buildings and the top storey of two storey buildings shall be at least
52 in. thick provided the walls are not more than 9 ft. high at the
eave and 15 ft. high at the peak of a gable end. The exterior walls of
the bottom storey of two storey buildings shall be at least 72 in. thick.
In walls composed of more than one wythe, each wythe shall be at least
3 5/8 in. thick.
(2) Cavity walls shall have not less than 3 5/8 in. thick wythes
separated by not less than 2 in. nor more than 3 in. space.
(3) Load bearing interior partitions shall be at least 3 5/8 in. thick
for walls up to 5 ft. 6 in. in height, 52 in. thick for walls up to 9
feet in height, and 72 in. for walls up to 36 ft. in height.
(4) interior non load bearing partitions shall be not less than 2 5/8
in. thick.
(5) Masonry veneer resting on a bearing support and applied over wood
frame walls or masonry back -up shall be at least 3 5/8 in. thick. Such
veneer over wood frame walls shall have a minimum of 1 in. air space
behind the veneer.
(6) masonry veneer less than 3 5/8 in. thick shall be individually
supported by the back -up material and shall not extend more than 24 ft.
above finish grade. Individual units shall not support any other units.
(7) The height of parapet walls shall be not more than three times its
thickness above the adjacent roof surface. They shall be solid from the
top of the parapet to at least one foot below the adjacent roof level.
(f) Chases And Recesses
(1) Where a chase is cut into masonry, the width and depth of the cut
shall not be greater than 1/3 the thickness of the masonry and the
horizontal projection of the total length shall not be greater than 4
ft. Where a chase is cut into a load bearing wall the wall thickness
of the masonry remaining in the chased section shall not be less than
6 in.
(2) Where a recess is built into masonry, the width of the recess shall
not be greater than 24 in. and the depth of the recess shall not be
greater than 1/3 the thickness of the wall. At least 6 in. of masonry
shall remain at the back of the recess in load bearing walls.
(3) Chases and recesses larger than provided for above may be cut or
built into masonry but they shall be considered as openings for purposes
of design.
(g) Support Of Loads
(1) Solid load bearing walls of hollow masonry units supporting roof or
floor framing members shall be capped with solid masonry, or have the top
course filled with concrete. Capping may be omitted where the roof
framing is supported on a wood plate at least 2 in. nominal thickness, the
same width as the masonry wall.
(2) Floor joists supported on cavity walls shall be supported on solid
units and shall not project into the cavity. Roof and ceiling framing
members bearing on cavity walls shall be supported on solid masonry
bridging the full thickness of the wall, or a wood plate, at least 2 in.
nominal thickness bearing at least 2 in. on each wythe.
(3) The bearing area under beams and joists shall be sufficient to
carry the supported load. The minimum length of end bearing shall be
at least 3 5/8 in. for beams and 12 in. for joists.
(4) Beams or columns shall be supported on pilasters if the thickness
of the masonry wall or wythe is less than 8 in. At least 8 in. thickness
of solid masonry or concrete under the beam or column shall be provided.
Pilasters shall be bonded or tied to masonry walls or partitions.
Pilasters shall be not less than 2 in. by 12 in. if of concrete or 4 in.
by 12 in. if of unit masonry.
(h) Bonding And 'Tying
(1) Vertical joints in adjacent courses of load bearing walls and
partitions, shall be offset unless the horizontal joints are suitably
reinforced.
(2) Masonry walls, (other than cavity walls), which consist of two
or more wythes shall.-,-have the wythes bonded or tied together with
headers, comprising at least 4 per cent of the wall surface and spaced
not more than 24 in. o.c. vertically or horizontally, extending at least
3 5/8 in. into each wythe; or tied with metal ties spaced not more than
36 in. horizontally and 18 in. vertically. Wall ties shall be corrosion
resistant, shaped to provide a mechanical key at both ends and be the
equivalent in strength to 3/16 in. diameter steel.
(3) The wythes of cavity walls shall be tied together with not less than
the equivalent of 3/16 in. diameter corrosion resistant steel rods shaped
to provide a mechanical key at both ends and a drip near their centres.
Such ties shall be spaced not more than 24 in o.c. horizontally within
4 in. of the bottom of floor joists if the cavity extends below the
joists, and not more than 36 in. o.c. around openings within 12 in. of
the openings. At intermediate locations, the ties shall be spaced not
more than 36 in. o.c. horizontally and 18 in. o.c. vertically.
(4) Masonry veneer which is not individually supported by the back -up
shall be tied to masonry back -up or to wood framing members with
corrosion resistant straps spaced in accordance with Table 13, and
shaped to provide a key with the mortar. Alternatively the veneer may
be tied to masonry back -up with-one header unit per 3 sq. ft. of wall.
TABLE 13
VENEER TIE SPACING
Maximum Vertical Maximum Horizontal
Spacing Spacing
(in.) (in.) g
16
32
20
24
24
16
(5) Masonry veneer individually supported by a masonry back -up shall be
secured to the backing with an acceptable adhesive and shall be wired or
otherwise supported by special tension resistant clips, brackets or
other suitable devices. The surface of the masonry back -up shall be
true and even or shall be evened with mortar.
(6) Glass block shall have horizontal joint reinforcement of expanded
metal strips not less than 3 in. wide spaced at vertical intervals not
exceeding 24 in. for units 8 in. or less in height and in every horizontal
joint for units higher than 8 in. Reinforcement shall be lapped at least
6 in. where it is discontinuous. Panels shall be securely bonded or
tied to surrounding masonry.
- 29 -
(i) Lateral Support
Masonry walls and partitions shall be supported at right angles to the
wall by floor or roof construction or by means of intersecting walls or
buttresses. The spacing of such supports shall not exceed the distances
in Table 14.
TABLE 14
MAXIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN LATERAL WALL SUPPORTS
(j) Anchorage Of Roofs, Floors And Intersecting Walls
(1) Masonry walls abutting a structural frame shall be anchored to it
at vertical intervals not exceeding 24 in. with corrosion resistant
steel rods of 3/16 in diameter shaped at both ends to develop the full
strength of the tie.
(2) Where required to provide lateral support (see (I)) masonry walls
shall be anchored to each tier of joists, beams, or floor construction
at maximum intervals of 6 ft. 8 in., except that in houses, anchorage
of the floor joists resting on the foundation wall may be omitted. Ties
shall be corrosion resistant and be not less than the equivalent of 1/8
in. x 2 in. steel strap. Such anchors shall be formed to provide a
mechanical key with the masonry. When joists are parallel to the wall,
such ties shall extend across at least 3 joists.
(3) Where required to provide lateral support, intersecting walls or
partitions shall be bonded or tied together. In masonry walls the units
of the intersecting walls shall be overlapped or corrosion resistant
metal ties equivalent to not less than 4 in. x 14 in. steel strapping
shall be provided. Such anchors shall be spaced not more than 4 ft. o.c.
vertically and shaped at both ends to provide a mechanical key. When
required lateral support is provided by an intersecting wood frame wall,
ties shall extend across at least 3 studs and spaced not more than 36
in. o.c. vertically. Ties shall be corrosion resistant and consist of
the equivalent of not less than 3/16 in. diameter steel rods. The ties
shall be anchored to the wood framing at one end and shaped to provide
a mechanical key at the other.
(4) Roof systems of wood frame construction shall be tied to exterior
walls by not less than 2 in. diameter anchor bolts spaced not more than
8 feet apart embedded at least 4 in. into the masonry and fastened to a
rafter plate of not less than nominal 2 in. thick lumber. Alternatively
the roof system may be anchored by nailing the wall furring strips to
the side of the rafter plate.
(5) Where anchor bolts are to be placed in the top of a pier, the
pier shall be capped with concrete or reinforced masonry at least 12 in.
thick.
(k) Corbelling
(1) All corbelling shall consist of solid units. The units shall be
corbelled so that the horizontal projection of any unit does not exceed
1 in. and the total projection does not exceed 1/3 the total wall thickness.
Maximum Spacing
Type of Wall
of Supports
Load bearing walls or partitions
20 times the wall
of solid units
thickness
Load bearing walls or partitions
18 times the wall
of hollow units or cavity walls
thickness
Non load bearing walls or
36 times the wall
partitions
thickness
(j) Anchorage Of Roofs, Floors And Intersecting Walls
(1) Masonry walls abutting a structural frame shall be anchored to it
at vertical intervals not exceeding 24 in. with corrosion resistant
steel rods of 3/16 in diameter shaped at both ends to develop the full
strength of the tie.
(2) Where required to provide lateral support (see (I)) masonry walls
shall be anchored to each tier of joists, beams, or floor construction
at maximum intervals of 6 ft. 8 in., except that in houses, anchorage
of the floor joists resting on the foundation wall may be omitted. Ties
shall be corrosion resistant and be not less than the equivalent of 1/8
in. x 2 in. steel strap. Such anchors shall be formed to provide a
mechanical key with the masonry. When joists are parallel to the wall,
such ties shall extend across at least 3 joists.
(3) Where required to provide lateral support, intersecting walls or
partitions shall be bonded or tied together. In masonry walls the units
of the intersecting walls shall be overlapped or corrosion resistant
metal ties equivalent to not less than 4 in. x 14 in. steel strapping
shall be provided. Such anchors shall be spaced not more than 4 ft. o.c.
vertically and shaped at both ends to provide a mechanical key. When
required lateral support is provided by an intersecting wood frame wall,
ties shall extend across at least 3 studs and spaced not more than 36
in. o.c. vertically. Ties shall be corrosion resistant and consist of
the equivalent of not less than 3/16 in. diameter steel rods. The ties
shall be anchored to the wood framing at one end and shaped to provide
a mechanical key at the other.
(4) Roof systems of wood frame construction shall be tied to exterior
walls by not less than 2 in. diameter anchor bolts spaced not more than
8 feet apart embedded at least 4 in. into the masonry and fastened to a
rafter plate of not less than nominal 2 in. thick lumber. Alternatively
the roof system may be anchored by nailing the wall furring strips to
the side of the rafter plate.
(5) Where anchor bolts are to be placed in the top of a pier, the
pier shall be capped with concrete or reinforced masonry at least 12 in.
thick.
(k) Corbelling
(1) All corbelling shall consist of solid units. The units shall be
corbelled so that the horizontal projection of any unit does not exceed
1 in. and the total projection does not exceed 1/3 the total wall thickness.
- 30 -
(1) Weep Holes
Weep holes spaced not more than 2 feet apart shall be provided at the bottom
of the cavity in cavity wall and masonry veneer wall construction to drain
the cavity to the exterior.
(m) Dampproof ing
(1) Unless protected for its full height by a roof of a carport or porch,
exterior walls other than cavity walls shall be dampproofed by parging the
interior surface and covering the parging with breather type asphalt
saturated paper.
(2) The junction between door and window frames with masonry shall be
caulked.
SECTION 15. CONVENTIONAL WOOD FRAMING
(a) General
(1) All members shall be so framed, anchored, fastened, tied and braced
together to provide the strength and rigidity necessary for the purpose
for which they are used.
(2) Joists, rafters, beams and plank decking in plank and beam con-
struction shall be designed to carry all superimposed loads according
to the requirements in Section 4 (e). For ordinary loading conditions,
the maximum permissible spans for wood joists, rafters, beams shall
conform to the Span Tables in Appendix A.
(3) Nailing and stapling shall conform to the requirements in Appendix
B.
(4) Ends of joists or beams and other members framing into masonry or
concrete at or below grade shall be treated with preservative. All
components shall be of such a design and construction and connected to
other components in such a manner as to ensure a reasonably windtight
structure.
(b) Notching And Drilling
(1) Notches in joists and rafters shall be not deeper than 1/3 the
depth of the member and within 2 the member depth from the edge of the
bearing.
(2) Holes drilled in floor, roof or ceiling framing shall not exceed
4 the member depth and shall be located at least 2 in. from the edges.
(c) Anchorage
unless the ends of the first floor joists are embedded in concrete, the
sill plate shall be anchored to the foundation with at least 2 inch
diameter anchor bolts spaced 8 ft. 0 in. o.c. embedded at least 4 inches.
(d) Sill Plates
Sill plates shall be at least 2 inches x 4 inches material and set in a
full bed of mortar except that where the top of the wall is level, they
may be set directly on the wall and caulked.
(e) Beams
(1) Beams supporting joists shall have at least 3 5/8 in. length of end
bearing.
(2) Butt joints in built -up wood beams shall be located at the support
or within 6 in. of the span quarter points. Joints near the quarter points
shall not be adjacent to each other or occur in more than half the
members at any quarter point.
- 31 -
(f) Floor Joists
(1) Floor joists shall have at least 12 in. length of end bearing except
when supported on ribbon boards.
(2) Joists shall be restrained from twisting at intervals not exceeding
7 ft, by ceiling furring, cross bridging, blocking, or continuous strapping
nailed across the bottoms of the joists, unless the ceiling is covered with
plywood.
(3) Header and trimmer joists around floor openings shall be doubled
when the header joist exceeds twice the common joist spacing.
(4) 1gon load - bearing partitions parallel to floor joists shall be supported
by doubled joists where the partitions are over 6 ft. in length and contain
openings which are not full ceiling length.
(g) Walls And Partitions
(1) Load bearing partitions parallel to the floor joists shall be
supported on partitions or beams strong enough to transfer the loads to
vertical supports.
(2) Load bearing partitions at right angles to the joists shall be within
25 per cent of the span length from the joist support unless the joists
are designed to support such loads.
(3) Unless the weakened studs are suitably reinforced, wall studs shall
not be notched, drilled or otherwise damaged so that the undamaged portion
of the stud is less than 2/3 the depth of the stud if the stud is load
bearing, or 1 5/8 in. if the stud is non load bearing.
(4) Studs shall be doubled at the sides of openings in load bearing
walls so that the inner studs extend from the lintel to the bottom wall
plate, and the outer studs extend from top wall plates to the bottom wall
plate.
(5) Size and spacing of studs shall conform to Table 15.
TABLE 15
SIZE AND SPACING OF. STUDS
(6) Openings in non load bearing partitions shall be bridged by not less
than nominal 2 in. thick material the same width as the studs securely
nailed to adjacent studs.
(7) Openings in load bearing stud walls shall be bridged with lintels
conforming to Table 16.
Maximum
Type
Supported Loads
Minimum
Stud
Maximum
of
(including dead
Stud
Spacing
Unsupported
Wall
loads)
Size
c. to c.
Height
Limited attic
2 in. x 3 in_
24 in.
10 ft.
storage or no load
or
2 in. x 4 in.
12 ft.
Full attic storage
2 in. x 4 in.
24 in.
12 ft.
or roof load , or
limited attic storage
plus one floor
Interior
Full attic storage
2 in. x 4 in.
16 in.
12 ft.
Partitions
plus one floor, or
roof load plus one
floor, or limited attic
storage plus two floors
Full attic storage
2 in. x 4 in.
12 in.
12 ft.
plus two floors
3 in. x 4 in.
16 in.
12 ft.
or roof load plus
2 in. x 6 in.
16 in.
14 ft.
two floors
Roof, with or with-
2 in. x 4 in.
24 in.
10 ft.
out attic storage
Roof, with or with-
2 in. x 4 in.
16 in.
10 ft.
Exterior
out attic storage
Walls
plus one floor
Roof, with or with-
2 in. x 4 in.
12 in.
10 ft.
out attic storage
3 in. x 4 in.
16 in.
10 ft.
plus two floors
2 in. x 6 in.
16 in.
12 ft.
(6) Openings in non load bearing partitions shall be bridged by not less
than nominal 2 in. thick material the same width as the studs securely
nailed to adjacent studs.
(7) Openings in load bearing stud walls shall be bridged with lintels
conforming to Table 16.
- 32 -
(8) Wall plates shall be at least 2 in. thick, and the same width as the
studs. Except over openings, top wall plates shall be doubled in load
bearing walls and any joints in the top plates offset at least 16 in.
Where plates do not extend over openings, the section containing the
opening shall be suitably tied into the adjacent wall sections.
TABLE 16
LINTEL SPANS
(NOMINAL 4 IN. THICK LUMBER OR TWO THICKNESSES OF
NOMINAL 2 IN. LUMBER INSTALLED ON EDGE)
(9) The top plates in load bearing walls and partitions shall be lapped
or otherwise suitably tied at corners and intersecting partitions and
where joints occur in single top plates used with load bearing walls.
Such ties shall be the equivalent of at least 3 in. by 6 in. x 20 gauge
galvanized sheet steel nailed to each wall or partitions with at least
the equivalent of three 22 in. nails.
(h) Roof And Ceiling Framing
(1) Members shall be continuous or spliced directly over vertical
supports.
(2) Members shall be doubled on each side of openings greater than 2
rafter or joist spacings.
(3) Lumber roof trusses shall be capable of withstanding a load equal
to the ceiling load plus 2 2/3 times the design roof snow load (but not
less than 60 psf) for 24 hours. Such trusses shall not deflect more than
1/360 of the span after being loaded with the ceiling load plus 1 1/3 the
design roof snow load (but not less than 30 psf) after 1 hour.
(4) Rafters shall be. supported directly over exterior walls.
Nominal
Maximum
Location
Supported Loads
Depth of
Allowable
Of
Including
Lintels
Spans
Lintels
Dead Loads
(in.)
(ft.) (in.)
Limited attic storage
4
4-0
6
6-0
8
8-0
10
10-0
12
12 -6
Full attic storage, or
4
2 -0
roof load, or limited
6
3 -0
attic storage plus one
8
4-0
floor
10
5 -0
Interior
12
6-0
Partitions
or Walls
Full attic storage plus
one floor, or roof load
4
6
—
2-6
plus one floor, or
8
3-0
limited attic storage
10
4-0
plus two floors
12
5-0
Full attic storage plus
4
—
two floors, or roof load
6
2-0
plus two floors
8
3 -0
10
3-6
12
4-0
Roof, with or without
4
4 -0
attic storage
6
6-0
8
8 -0
10
10-0
12
12 -0
Roof, with or without
4
2 -0
Exterior
Walls
attic storage plus one
floor
6
8
10
5 -0
7 -0
8-0
12
90
Roof, with or without
4
2-0
attic storage plus two
6
4-0
floors
8
6-0
10
7 -0
12
8-0
(9) The top plates in load bearing walls and partitions shall be lapped
or otherwise suitably tied at corners and intersecting partitions and
where joints occur in single top plates used with load bearing walls.
Such ties shall be the equivalent of at least 3 in. by 6 in. x 20 gauge
galvanized sheet steel nailed to each wall or partitions with at least
the equivalent of three 22 in. nails.
(h) Roof And Ceiling Framing
(1) Members shall be continuous or spliced directly over vertical
supports.
(2) Members shall be doubled on each side of openings greater than 2
rafter or joist spacings.
(3) Lumber roof trusses shall be capable of withstanding a load equal
to the ceiling load plus 2 2/3 times the design roof snow load (but not
less than 60 psf) for 24 hours. Such trusses shall not deflect more than
1/360 of the span after being loaded with the ceiling load plus 1 1/3 the
design roof snow load (but not less than 30 psf) after 1 hour.
(4) Rafters shall be. supported directly over exterior walls.
- 33 -
(5) Hip and valley rafters shall be at least 2 in. greater in depth
than the common rafters and at least 12 in. thick.
(6) Ceiling joists shall have not less than 12 in. length of bearing.
Ceiling joists supporting part of the roof load shall be 1 in. greater
in depth than the sizes shown in "Span Tables For Ceiling Joists" in
Appendix A, except that when the roof slope is 3 in 12 or less, the
ceiling joist sizes shall be determined from the "Span Tables For Roof
Joists."
(7) Unless the bottom ends of rafters are adequately tied to the
ceiling joists to resist spreading (see Appendix B, Table 11B) the
ridge beams shall be at least 2 in. x 6 in. lumber vertically supported
at not more than 4 ft. intervals by at least 2 in. x 4 in. struts to
suitable bearing.
(8) Intermediate rafter support to reduce the rafter span may
consist of 2 in. x 4 in. collar ties or ceiling joists when the roof
slope if 4 in 12 or greater, or dwarf walls. Collar ties more than 8
ft. long shall be laterally braced at mid span with a 1 in. x 4 in.
stringer.
(9) Roof joists shall be restrained from twisting in accordance with
(f) (2).
(i) Subfloors
(1) Except as otherwise permitted in (3), plywood subfloors shall be
at least 2 in. thick on spans up to 16 in., 5/8 in. thick on spans up
to 20 in. and 3/4 in. thich on spans up to 24 in. Surface grain shall
be perpendicular to the joist's. Where resilient flooring is used,
plywood edges shall be tongued- and - grooved or blocking installed without
a separate panel type underlay, beneath the joints to prevent differential
movements.
(2) Except as permitted in (3), particle board subfloors shall be at
least 5/8 in. thick on spans up to 16 in., 3/4 thick on spans up to
20 in. and 1 in. thick on spans up to 24 in. Where resilient flooring
is used without a panel type underlay, particle board subfloors shall
have all edges supported by blocking or framing.
(3) Plywood subfloors may be 2 in. thick and particle board 5/8 in.
thick where the finish flooring is at least 3/4 in. thick, laid at
right angles to the joists.
(4) Lumber subfloors shall be at least 11/16 in. thick on supports up
to 16 in. o.c. and 3/4 in. thick on supports up to 24 in. o.c. Boards
shall be not more than 8 in. wide and laid at not less than 450 to the
joists. All ends shall be supported.
(j) Roof Sheathing
(1) Where the thickness of the plywood or particle board such as to
require the support of the plywood edges parallel to the surface grain,
the support shall be provided by at least 2 in. by 2 in. blocking
securely nailed between framing members, metal H clips, or tongued -and-
grooved edge plywood.
(2) The thickness of plywood and particle board roof sheathing shall
conform to Table 17.
- 34 -
TABLE 17
MINIMUM THICKNESSES OF PLYWOOD
AND PARTICLE BOARD ROOF SHEATHING
(3) Plywood shall be laid with surface grain at right angles to the
supports.
(4) Lumber roof sheathing shall be at least 11/16 in. thick on supports
spaced 16 in. o.c. and 3/4 in. thick on supports up to 24 in. o.c.
(k) Wall Sheathing
(1) Wall sheathing shall be installed if the exterior cladding requires
solid backing or intermediate nailing between framing members.
(2) Where wall sheathing is required in (1), it shall consist of 11/16
in. lumber, 7/16 in. fibreboard, 2 in. gypsum board, 5/16 in. particle
board or plywood.
(1) Sheathing Paper
(1) A layer of sheathing paper shall be provided over all wall sheathings.
(2) At least two layers of vertically applied paper shall be applied
under the siding if no sheathing is used and if the siding is not of
the panel type.
SECTION 16. POST, BEAM AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION
(a) Posts
(1) Size and spacing of posts shall be determined on the basis of Section
4.3 of the "National Building Code of Canada, 1965.11
(2) Posts in exterior walls shall be anchored to the wall plate by at
least 18 ga. steel angles if the sheathing does not provide adequate
anchorage.
(3) Members used for intermediate framing between posts shall conform to
the requirements in Section 15 for non load bearing stud walls.
(b) Beams
(1) The size and spacing of roof, floor or ceiling beams shall be
determined on the basis of Section 4.3 of the "National Building Code of
Canada, 1965 ".
(2) Roof beams shall be securely connected to the exterior wall framing
and to the centre bearing beams or partitions to resist uplift from wind.
(3) Joints in beams shall be located over solid supports.
(4) Opposite beams shall be tied together at the joints by means of
splices or suitable mechanical connections.
V
Minimum
Plywood Thickness
Plywood
Plywood
Particle
With Edges
With Edges
Board
Supported
Unsupported
With Edges
Joist or Rafter Spacing
(in.)
(in.)
Supported
(in.)
(in.)
12
5/16
516
3/8
16
516
3/8
3/8
20
3/8
1/2
F16
24
3/8
1/2
7/6
32
1/2
—
36
5/8
—
40
3/
—
48
%8
—
(3) Plywood shall be laid with surface grain at right angles to the
supports.
(4) Lumber roof sheathing shall be at least 11/16 in. thick on supports
spaced 16 in. o.c. and 3/4 in. thick on supports up to 24 in. o.c.
(k) Wall Sheathing
(1) Wall sheathing shall be installed if the exterior cladding requires
solid backing or intermediate nailing between framing members.
(2) Where wall sheathing is required in (1), it shall consist of 11/16
in. lumber, 7/16 in. fibreboard, 2 in. gypsum board, 5/16 in. particle
board or plywood.
(1) Sheathing Paper
(1) A layer of sheathing paper shall be provided over all wall sheathings.
(2) At least two layers of vertically applied paper shall be applied
under the siding if no sheathing is used and if the siding is not of
the panel type.
SECTION 16. POST, BEAM AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION
(a) Posts
(1) Size and spacing of posts shall be determined on the basis of Section
4.3 of the "National Building Code of Canada, 1965.11
(2) Posts in exterior walls shall be anchored to the wall plate by at
least 18 ga. steel angles if the sheathing does not provide adequate
anchorage.
(3) Members used for intermediate framing between posts shall conform to
the requirements in Section 15 for non load bearing stud walls.
(b) Beams
(1) The size and spacing of roof, floor or ceiling beams shall be
determined on the basis of Section 4.3 of the "National Building Code of
Canada, 1965 ".
(2) Roof beams shall be securely connected to the exterior wall framing
and to the centre bearing beams or partitions to resist uplift from wind.
(3) Joints in beams shall be located over solid supports.
(4) Opposite beams shall be tied together at the joints by means of
splices or suitable mechanical connections.
V
- 35 -
(c) Planks
(1) The thickness and span of floor and roof planks shall be determined
on the basis of Section 4.3 of the "National Building Code of Canada,
1965.11
(2) Planks shall be laid at right angles to beams.
(3) Flat laid planks for floors shall be tongued -and- grooved or
splined unless a separate underlay is used or wood strip flooring is
applied at right angles to the planks.
(4) Floor planks shall be not more than 8 in. wide.
SECTION 17. PLANK FRAME WALLS
(a) General
Plank wall construction consists of flat vertical plank framing members
supporting horizontal beams with plank in- filling between.
(b) Thickness
Unsheathed plank frame walls shall be at least 3 in. thick and sheathed
walls 2 in. thick (nominal.)
(c) Vertical Framing
(1) Vertical framing shall consist of not less than 10 in. nominal
width planks spaced not more than 8 ft. o.c.
(2) uprights shallnot bear on wood members with grain at right angles
to the upright, except where bearing on s11s.
(3) Corners shall be formed by butting and fastening face and edge of
two planks together.
(4) uprights shall be provided at each side of every opening except that
a window opening 2 ft. 6 in. or less need be supported only on one side
by a vertical structural member. In such case, the opposite jamb of the
window or short upright to Which it is attached shall bear on the filler
wall plank immediately below, which in turn shall be notched into the
vertical structural members on each side.
(d) Horizontal Framing
(1) Planks acting as lintels over openings in 2 in. thick walls shall
be at least 8 in. deep for openings up to 5 ft. 6 in. wide, 10 in. deep
for openings up to 7 ft. wide and 12 in. for openings up to 8 ft. wide.
(2) Planks acting as lintels over openings in 3 in. thick walls shall
be at least 8 in. deep for openings up to 7 ft. and 10 in. deep for
openings up to 8 ft. wide.
(3) Ron load bearing horizontal planks shall be nailed securely to the
uprights. Load bearing horizontal planks shall be dovetailed into the
uprights or otherwise suitably fastened.
(e) Sheathing And Sheathing Paper
(1) Sheathing and sheathing paper application over the exterior of plank
frame walls shall be as described in 15 (k) and (1).
(2) Sheathing paper shall also be installed over the interior of the
planks.
- 36 -
SECTION 18. HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION
(a) General
(1) Heavy timber construction means that type of wood construction in
which a degree of fire endurance is attained by placing limitations on
the minimum sizes of wood structural members and on minimum thickness
and composition of wood floors and roofs, by avoidance of concealed spaces .
under floors and roofs, by the use of approved fastenings, construction
details and adhesives for structural members. Design of heavy timber
construction shall be in accordance with Section 4.3 of the National
Building Code of Canada, 1965.
(2) All wood elements shall be arranged in heavy solid masses and
smooth flat surfaces so as to avoid thin sections, sharp projections
and concealed or inaccessible spaces.
(3) Built -up members shall not be used unless the individual pieces
are glued together as in glued laminated construction or the entire
assembly complies with the requirements for minimum sizes as set forth
herein for solid sawn timber.
(b) Columns
(1) Wood columns shall be solid or glued laminated and not less than 8
in. nominal in any dimension when supporting floor loads and not less
than 6 in. nominal in width and not less than 8 in. nominal in depth
when supporting roof and ceiling loads only.
(2) Columns shall be continuous or superimposed throughout all storeys
by means of reinforced concrete or metal caps with brackets or connected
by properly designed steel or iron caps, with pintles and base plates or
by timber splice plates affixed to the columns by means of metal connectors
housed within the contact faces or by the other approved methods.
(c) Beams
(1) Beams and girders of wood supporting floors shall be solid sawn or
glued laminated and not less than 6 in. nominal in width and not less than
10 in. nominal in depth.
(2) Wall plates, boxes of self - releasing type or approved hangers shall
b e provided, where beams and girders enter masonry. An air space of z
in. is provided at the top, end and sides of the member unless approved
durable or treated wood is used.
(3) Girders and beams shall be closely fitted around columns and
adjoining ends cross -tied to each other by approved steel or irom post
caps or by metal strips lag screwed or bolted to their sides or intertied
to and with the columns by through bolted corbel blocks, side bolsters,
splice blocks and fillers so that the stresses are transferred by means
of devices or metal connectors housed within the contacting faces of the
members. Wood bolsters may be placed on top of columns which support roof
loads only.
(4) Where intermediate beams are used to support a floor they shall rest
on top of the girders or shall be supported by approved metal hangers into
which the ends of the beams are closely fitted.
(d) Arches And Trusses
(1) Arches which spring from the floor line and support floor loads
shall be not less than 8 in. nominal in any dimension.
(2) Framed timber trusses supporting floor loads shall have members of not
less than 8 in. nominal in any dimension.
(3) Framed or glued laminated arches for roof construction which spring
from the floor line and do not support floor loads shall have members
not less than 6 in. nominal in width and not less than 8 in. nominal in
depth for the lower half of the height and not less than 6 in. nominal in
depth for the upper half.
- 37 -
(4) Frames or glued laminated arches for roof construction which spring
from the top of walls or wall abutments, framed timber trusses and other
roof framing which does not support floor loads shall have members of
not less than 4 in. nominal width and not less than 6 in. nominal depth.
Spaced members shall be of two or more pieces not less than 3 in. nominal
in thickness and shall be blocked solidly throughout their intervening
spaces or shall be covered by a continuous wood plate of not less than 2 in.
nominal in thickness, secured to the underside of the members. Splice
plates are no less than 3 in. nominal thickness. When protected by
approved automatic sprinklers under the roof deck, roof framing members
shall be at least 3 in. nominal width.
(e) Roof Anchorage
(1) Adequate roof anchorage shall be provided against uplift by wind.
(f) Floors
(1) Floors shall be without concealed spaces.
(2) Floors shall be solid of glued laminated plank, splined or tongue -
and- groove, of not less than 3 in. nominal in thickness covered with 1 in.
nominal dimension tongue -and- groove flooring laid crosswise or diagonally,
or not less than 4 in. nominal width planks set on edge close together
and well spiked and covered with 1 in. nominal dimension flooring. The
planks shall be laid so that no continuous line of joints will occur except
as points of support.
(3) Flooring shall not extend closer than 2 in. to walls to provide an
expansion joint and the joint is covered at top or bottom to avoid flue
action.
(g) Roofs
(1) Roofs shall be without concealed spaces.
(2) Roof decks shall be solid or glued laminated plank, splined or tongue -
and- groove, not less than 2 in. nominal in thickness or not less than 3 in.
nominal in width, planks set on edge close together and laid as required
for floors. Other types of decking may be used if noncombustible.
SECTION 19. ROOFING
(a) General
(1) Roofs shall be protected with roofing including flashing where
necessary, installed to effectively shed rain and prevent water due
to ice damming from entering the roof.
(2) The slope limits of roof coverings shall conform to Table 18.
TABLE 18
SLOPE LIMITS FOR VARIOUS ROOF COVERINGS
Minimum Maximum
Type of Roofing Slope Slope
Built -up Roofing:
— asphalt base (gravelled)
0
3 in 12
— asphalt base (without gravel)
% in 12
6 in 12 .
— asphalt base (surfaced with wide
selvage asphalt roofing)
2 in 12
no limit
— coal -tar base (gravelled)
0
1 in 12
—cold process
% in 12
9 in 12
Asphalt Shingles:
— normal application
4 in 12
no limit
—low slope application
2 in 12
no limit
Roll Roofing:
- smooth and 90 lb. mineral surfaced
3 in 12
no limit
—19 in. wide selvage asphalt roofing
2 in 12
no limit
—cold application felt
% in 12
9 in 12
Wood Shingles
3 in 12
no limit
Hand -split Shakes
4 in 12
no limit
Asbestos- Cement Shingles
4 in 12
no limit
Asbestos - Cement Corrugated Sheets
3 in 12
no limit
Sheet Metal Roofing
0
no limit
Corrugated Metal Roofing
3 in 12
no limit
Sheet Metal Shingles
3 in 12
no limit
Slate Shingles
6 in 12
no limit
Clay Tile
6 in 12
no limit
(b) Wood Shingles And Shakes
(1) Shingle exposure shall conform to Table 19.
TABLE 19
MAXIMUM EXPOSURE OF WOOD SHINGLES
Maximum Shingle Exposure
Roof Slope 16 -in. Shingles 118 -in. Shingles 1, 24-in. Shingles
4 in 12 or less) 3 % in. 4% in. 5 % in.
Over 4 in 12 5 in. 5% in. 7% in.
(2) Exposure for hand -split wood shakes shall not exceed 82 in. for
18 in. shakes, 10 in. for 24 in. shakes and 13 in. for 32 in. shakes.
(3) Shingles or shakes shall be offset at least 12 in. in adjacent
courses so that joints in alternate courses do not line up.
(c) Asphalt Shingles
(1) Asphalt shingles applied to slopes of 4 in 12 or greater shall
provide at least double coverage over the entire roof, disregarding
cut -outs.
(2) Shingle tabs shall be secured where the shingle exposure is more
than 5 in. or in areas where wind may cuase damage to shingles.
(3) Asphalt shingles applied to slopes of less than 4 in 12 shall
provide at least triple coverage over the entire roof disregarding
cut -outs and the first two courses.
(4) The first course of shingles applied to slopes less than 4 in 12
shall be cemented to the roof deck, and succeeding courses cemented to
each other with a band of cement to provide an impermeable roof surface.
(d) Built -Up Roofs
(1) Coal tar products and asphalt products shall not be used together
in built -up roof construction.
(2) Aggregate shall be uniformly graded in particle size from 4 in. to
5/8 in., dry and free from dirt when applied.
(3) Nails used in built -up roofing shall be corrosion - resistant.
(4) Wide - selvage, mineral- surfaced, asphalt roofing used in built -up
roofing shall be not less than 120 lb. per roofing square.
(5) Roofing felt used in built -up roofs shall be not less than No. 15
type.
(6) Bituminous materials, aggregate surfacing and roofing felts shall
be applied in the quantities indicated in Table 20.
- 39 -
TABLE 20
MATERIAL COMBINATIONS FOR BUILT -UP ROOFS
NOTES TO TABLE 20
(1) 2 layers laid dry over the sheathing and 2 layers mopped with bitumen.
(2) All layers mopped with bitumen.
(3) 1 combination felt laid dry and 2 layers of glass felts mopped with bitumen.
(4) All layers of glass felt mopped with bitumen.
SECTION 20. SIDING
(a) General
(1) Exterior wall shall be protected with a siding including flashing and
trim where necessary which shall provide a reasonably durable surface and
shall shed water.
(2) Insulating asphalt siding shall be ventilated by providing a space at
least 3/8 in. in depth to allow for the release of water vapour to the
exterior.
(3) Gypsum board of fibreboard sheathing shall not be considered as
providing sufficient nail holding power for the attachment of siding.
(4) Nails for the attachment of siding shall be corrosion - resistant.
(b) Lumber Siding
(1) Lumber siding shall be sound, free of knot holes, loose knots,
through checks, or splits.
(2) Lumber siding shall be fastened to the framing, blocking or furring
at not more than 24 in. intervals and lapped or matched in such a way as
to prevent the entry of rain.
(c) Wood Shingles And Shakes
(1) A single course application of shingles shall have a maximum exposure
of 72 in. for 16 in. shingles, 82 in. for 18 in. shingles and 112 in. for
24 in. shingles.
(2) A double course application shall have a maximum exposure of 12 in.
for 16 in. shingles, 14 in. for 18 in. shingles and 16 in. for 24 in.
shingles.
(3) Joints in successive courses shall be offset to provent the entry of
rain.
Amount of Bitumen
per 100 sq. ft. of
Number of Piles of Dry Sheathing,
Roof Surface
Roofing Felts
Wood Board or
All other
Mopping
Plywood Deck
Decks
Minimum Amount of
Coats
Aggregate Surfacing
Dry
Roofing
Roofing
Between
Flood
per 100 sq. ft. of
Type of Roof
Plies
Coat
Sheathing
Felts
Felts
Roof Surface
Asphalt and
400 lb. gravel or
Aggregate
20 lb.
60 lb.
1
4(1)
3(2)
crushed rock or 300 lb.
slag on level roof;
300 lb. gravel or crushed
Coal Tar Pitch
and Aggregate
25 lb.
75 lb.
1
4(1)
3(2)
rock or 225 lb. slag
on 3 in 12 slope.
Proportional weights
Glass Felt and
Aggregate
25 lb.
601b.
—
3(3)
2(4)
for intermediate roof slopes
Asphalt —
Smooth Surface
201b.
25 lb.
1
4(1)
3(2)
—
Glass Felt—
Smooth Surface
201b.
201b.
3 (3)
3(1)
—
Cold Process
1.5 gal.
4 gal.
Roofing
Cold Process
Cold Process
Cement
Top Coating
—
2
—
—
NOTES TO TABLE 20
(1) 2 layers laid dry over the sheathing and 2 layers mopped with bitumen.
(2) All layers mopped with bitumen.
(3) 1 combination felt laid dry and 2 layers of glass felts mopped with bitumen.
(4) All layers of glass felt mopped with bitumen.
SECTION 20. SIDING
(a) General
(1) Exterior wall shall be protected with a siding including flashing and
trim where necessary which shall provide a reasonably durable surface and
shall shed water.
(2) Insulating asphalt siding shall be ventilated by providing a space at
least 3/8 in. in depth to allow for the release of water vapour to the
exterior.
(3) Gypsum board of fibreboard sheathing shall not be considered as
providing sufficient nail holding power for the attachment of siding.
(4) Nails for the attachment of siding shall be corrosion - resistant.
(b) Lumber Siding
(1) Lumber siding shall be sound, free of knot holes, loose knots,
through checks, or splits.
(2) Lumber siding shall be fastened to the framing, blocking or furring
at not more than 24 in. intervals and lapped or matched in such a way as
to prevent the entry of rain.
(c) Wood Shingles And Shakes
(1) A single course application of shingles shall have a maximum exposure
of 72 in. for 16 in. shingles, 82 in. for 18 in. shingles and 112 in. for
24 in. shingles.
(2) A double course application shall have a maximum exposure of 12 in.
for 16 in. shingles, 14 in. for 18 in. shingles and 16 in. for 24 in.
shingles.
(3) Joints in successive courses shall be offset to provent the entry of
rain.
- 40 -
(d) Asbestos- Cement Siding
(1) Asbestos - cement shingles shall weigh not less than 165 lb. /sq.
(2) Asbestos - cement sheet shall be not less than 3/16 in. thick when
applied to studs spaced not more than 16 in. o.c. nor less than 4 in.
thick when applied to studs spaced not more than 24 in. o.c. Where
applied over sheathing, thickness shall be not less than 1/8 in.
(e) Plywood
(1) Plywood shall be the exterior type. Plywood thickness shall
conform to Table 21, except that plywood siding applied directly
over sheathing without an air space may be 4 in. thick.
TABLE 21
mINIMUM PLYWOOD THICKNESS, EXTERIOR WALL FINISH
With
(Over
Sheathing
furring)
Without
Sheathing
Face Grain
Face Grain
Spacing
Face Grain
Right
Face Grain
Right
of
Parallel
Angles
Parallel
Angles
Supports
to Furring
to Furring
to Supports
to Supports
% in.
% in.
% in:
% in.
16 in.
20 in.
% in.
% in.
% in.
% in.
24 in.
% in.
% in.
% in.
% in.
(2) Horizontal - lapped plywood shall have wedges under all butt joints
and at all corners if applied without sheathing.
(f) Hard Pressed Fibreboard
(1) Hard pressed fibreboard shall be of the tempered or treated type at
least 4 in. thick if applied over sheathing or 5/16 in. thick if applied
without sheathing. If applied without sheathing, maximum spacing of
supports shall be 16 in.
(2) Horizontal - lapped hard pressed fibreboard shall have wedges under
all butt joints and at all corners.
(g) Metal Siding
(1) Steel siding shall be manufactured from galvanized sheet steel of
not less than 30 galvanized steel (sheet) gauge.
(2) Aluminim siding shall be at least 0.025 in. thick if applied without
a backer board and 0.019 in. thick if applied with a backer board.
(h) Stucco
(1) Stucco shall consist of 1 part Portland cement: 4 to 1 part hydrated
lime; 32 to 4 parts aggregate per part of cementitious material by volume.
(2) Stucco shall be reinforced with metal lath except that such reinforcing
may be omitted if the base consists of sound clean masonry, sufficiently
rough to provide a mechanical key.
(3) Stucco reinforcing shall be galvanized and shall consist of expanded
metal, weighing at least 1.8 lb /sq. yd., 18 ga. wire mesh, or diamond
mesh lath weighing 3.4 lb /sq. yd.
(4) Reinforcing shall be fastened 6 in. o.c. vertically and 16 in. o.c.
horizontally or 4 in. o.c. vertically and 24 in. horizontally.
- 41 -
(5) Stucco shall be applied in at least two base coats plus finish to
a depth of at least 5/8 in.
(6) Stucco shall be maintained at not less than 50 0F temperature for at
least 48 hr. after application.
SECTION 21. INTERIOR FINISHES
(a) Lath And Plaster
(1) Gypsum lath shall be at least 3/8 in. thick on supports spaced not
more than 16 in. o.c. and at least 2 in. thick on supports spaced not
more than 24 in. o.c.
(2) metal lath weight shall conform to Table 22.
TABLE 22
MINIMUM WEIGHT OF METAL LATH
(3) Plaster shall be at least 3/8 in. thick at any point and plaster
mixes shall conform to the requirements in (4) to (7) or to CSA Specification
A82.30 -1965.
(4) Plaster shall be applied in three coats consisting of a scratch coat,
brown coat and finish coat, except that where the base consists of gypsum
lath or unit masonry other than concrete, a two coat application may be
used in which a brown coat is doubled back over the scratch coat.
(5) When plaster is applied over concrete or concrete masonry a special
bond coat shall be used as the first coat.
(6) When 3 coat plaster is used, the first or scratch coat shall consist
of 1 part gypsum plaster to 2 parts sand by weight. The second or brown
coat shall consist of I part gypsum plaster to 3 parts sand by weight.
The finish coat shall consist of 1 part gypsum plaster to 3 parts lime
by volume.
(7) When two coat plaster is used, the first coat shall consist of 1
part gypsum plaster to 22 parts sand by weight. The finish coat shall
consist of 1 part gypsum plaster to 3 parts lime by volume.
(8) Corners of all walls and ceilings and corners over window or door
openings shall be reinforced.
(9) In cold weather, plaster shall be applied at 500F to 700F and
maintained at this temperature range for at least 96 hours and above
freezing thereafter. Ventilation shall be provided for the proper drying
of the plaster during and subsequent to its application.
(b) Gypsum Board
Gypsum board shall be at least 3/8 in. thick on supports up to 16 in.
o.c. and 2 in. thick on supports up to 24 in. o.c.
Maximum Spacing of
Supports
Min. Weight
Walls
Ceilings
per sq. yd.
Type of Lath
(lb.)
(in.)
(in.)
Diamond Mesh
2.5
12
12
3.0
16
12
Flat Rib
2.5
16
12
3.0
16
16
in. Rib
2.5
16
16
3.0
20
20
3.5
24
24
(3) Plaster shall be at least 3/8 in. thick at any point and plaster
mixes shall conform to the requirements in (4) to (7) or to CSA Specification
A82.30 -1965.
(4) Plaster shall be applied in three coats consisting of a scratch coat,
brown coat and finish coat, except that where the base consists of gypsum
lath or unit masonry other than concrete, a two coat application may be
used in which a brown coat is doubled back over the scratch coat.
(5) When plaster is applied over concrete or concrete masonry a special
bond coat shall be used as the first coat.
(6) When 3 coat plaster is used, the first or scratch coat shall consist
of 1 part gypsum plaster to 2 parts sand by weight. The second or brown
coat shall consist of I part gypsum plaster to 3 parts sand by weight.
The finish coat shall consist of 1 part gypsum plaster to 3 parts lime
by volume.
(7) When two coat plaster is used, the first coat shall consist of 1
part gypsum plaster to 22 parts sand by weight. The finish coat shall
consist of 1 part gypsum plaster to 3 parts lime by volume.
(8) Corners of all walls and ceilings and corners over window or door
openings shall be reinforced.
(9) In cold weather, plaster shall be applied at 500F to 700F and
maintained at this temperature range for at least 96 hours and above
freezing thereafter. Ventilation shall be provided for the proper drying
of the plaster during and subsequent to its application.
(b) Gypsum Board
Gypsum board shall be at least 3/8 in. thick on supports up to 16 in.
o.c. and 2 in. thick on supports up to 24 in. o.c.
- 42 -
(c) Plywood
Plywood finishes for ceilings and walls shall have an effective thickness
of at least 3/16 in. on supports up to 16 in. o.c. and 3/8 in. thick on
supports up to 24 in. o.c. except that in walls where blocking is provided
at midwall height plywood shall have an effective thickness of at least
3/16 in. thick on supports up to 24 in. o.c. One quarter inch grooved
plywood shall be considered to have an effective thickness of 3/16 in.
(d) Hardpressed Fibreboard
Hardpressed fibreboard shall be at
back -up, 4 in. thick on supports up
supports up to 24 in. o.c.
(e) Wood Strip Flooring
least 1/8 in. thick on continuous
to 16 in. o.c. and 3/8 in. thick on
Wood strip flooring may be applied without a subfloor, providing it is 3/4
in. thick and is laid at right angles to joists not more than 16 in. o.c.
so that the end joints are staggered and occur over supports, or are end -
matched. Such flooring shall be laid so that no two adjoining strips
break joints in the same space between supports and each strip bears on
at least two supports.
(f ) Glazing
Glass thickness shall conform to Table 23.
TABLE 23
SASH TYPE WINDOWS AND FIXED GLAZING
Maximum Perimeter or Area of Glass Sheet
Minimum
Glass Main Storm and
Weight or Exterior Combination
Thickness Doors Windows Doors
(a) General
(1) All buildings shall
capacity to maintain the
the use of the building,
Of ..c
SECTION 22. HEATING
be equipped with heating devices of sufficient
desired indoor temperature, commensurate with
assuming an outdoor winter design temperature
(2) Heating systems shall be designed,"— constructed and installed in accordance
with good engineering and commercial practice.
(3) Equipment forming part of a heating system except for concealed or
embedded pipes or ducts shall have easy accesses for inspection, maintenance
and cleaning.
To be inserted by the municipality; information available from the
Secretary of the Associate Committee on the National Building Code.
The latest issues of the following publications may be used as a
guide in the design of heating systems:
Warm Air Heating Systems - all types ;(oil, gas, electric). The Published
Manuals of the National Warm Air Heating & Air Cond. Association.
Electric Heating systems- radiant. The Heating Manual of the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association.
Hot Water and Steam Heating Systems -all types (oil, gas, electric). The
published manuals of the Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers
and the Guide and Data Books of the ASHR.AE.
Not
18 oz.
permitted
120 in.
Not permitted
24 oz.
72 in.
168 in.
120 in.
32 oz.
100 in.
240 in.
160 in.
3/16 in.
120 in.
280 in.
—
7/32 in.
—
50 sq. ft.
—
1/4 in.
—
Not limited
—
(a) General
(1) All buildings shall
capacity to maintain the
the use of the building,
Of ..c
SECTION 22. HEATING
be equipped with heating devices of sufficient
desired indoor temperature, commensurate with
assuming an outdoor winter design temperature
(2) Heating systems shall be designed,"— constructed and installed in accordance
with good engineering and commercial practice.
(3) Equipment forming part of a heating system except for concealed or
embedded pipes or ducts shall have easy accesses for inspection, maintenance
and cleaning.
To be inserted by the municipality; information available from the
Secretary of the Associate Committee on the National Building Code.
The latest issues of the following publications may be used as a
guide in the design of heating systems:
Warm Air Heating Systems - all types ;(oil, gas, electric). The Published
Manuals of the National Warm Air Heating & Air Cond. Association.
Electric Heating systems- radiant. The Heating Manual of the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association.
Hot Water and Steam Heating Systems -all types (oil, gas, electric). The
published manuals of the Institute of Boiler and Radiator Manufacturers
and the Guide and Data Books of the ASHR.AE.
- 43 -
(4) Oil burning, gas burning or electric heating equipment shall be
installed in accordance with the following specifications published by
the Canadian Standards Association:
CSA B51 - 1965 "Code for the Construction and Inspection of Boilers
and Pressure Vessels"
CSA B139 -1962 "Installation Code for Oil Burning Equipment"
CSA B149 -1966 "Installation Code for Gas Burning Appliances
and Equipment"
CSA C22.1 -1966 "Canadian Electrical Code"
(5) Fuel fired heating appliances shall not be installed in an exit or
access to an exit.
(6) Crawl spaces used as warm air plenums shall be restricted to one
storey portions of dwelling units. Enclosing material in such spaces,
including insulation shall not be more flammable than nominal 1 in. wood.
Combultible ground cover in such crawl spaces shall be covered with
noncombustible material or have noncombustible receptacles beneath the
register openings.
(b) Heating Supply Ducts
Kl) Except as otherwise permitted in the National Fire Protection
Association publication 90A for heating systems having a capacity of
not more than 400,000 BTU /hr., and 90B for heating systems with a capacity
greater than 400,000 BTU /hr., and for ducts encased in concrete in houses,
ducts shall be noncombustible and shall be reasonably air tight. Material
and installation of combustible ducts in concrete shall conform to Manual
4 of the National Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Association.
(2) Galvanized steel, aluminum or tin plate supply ducts shall have a
thickness, including coating conforming to Table 24. Other metals if
used shall have equivalent strength and durability. Rectangular panels
in plenums and ducts greater than 12 in. wide, shall be stiffened.
TABLE 24
MINIMUM METAL THICKNESS OF DUCTS
NOTE TO TABLE 24
(1) In single family houses, thickness may be reduced to 30 ga. for ducts 14 in.
or less in size and to 28 ga. for ducts over 14 in. in size, where the per-
missible duct clearance is 2 in. or less.
(3) Where the installation of heating supply ducts in walls, floors and
partitions creates a space between the duct and construction material, the
space shall be sealed with noncombustible material at each end.
(4) Vertical supply ducts located in closets or rooms shall be covered
with at least 4 in. cellular asbestos insulation or other acceptable
noncombustible insulation.
(5) Ducts shall be securely supported by metal hangers, straps, lugs
or brackets, except that where zero clearance is permitted in (7), and (8),
wooden brackets may be used.
Galv. Steel
Aluminum
Tin Plate
Shape and
Size of
(Galvanized
Location of
Duct
(Sheet)
(B & S or AM
(Lb. per
Duct
Un.)
gauge)
wire gauge)
Base Boa)
All round
14 or less
No. 30
No. 26
135
ducts and
enclosed
rectangular
Over 14
No. 28
No. 24
—
ducts
Exposed
14 or less
No. 28(i)
No. 24
—
rectangular
ducts
Over 14
No. 260)
No. 23
—
NOTE TO TABLE 24
(1) In single family houses, thickness may be reduced to 30 ga. for ducts 14 in.
or less in size and to 28 ga. for ducts over 14 in. in size, where the per-
missible duct clearance is 2 in. or less.
(3) Where the installation of heating supply ducts in walls, floors and
partitions creates a space between the duct and construction material, the
space shall be sealed with noncombustible material at each end.
(4) Vertical supply ducts located in closets or rooms shall be covered
with at least 4 in. cellular asbestos insulation or other acceptable
noncombustible insulation.
(5) Ducts shall be securely supported by metal hangers, straps, lugs
or brackets, except that where zero clearance is permitted in (7), and (8),
wooden brackets may be used.
- 44 -
(6) The minimum clearance of furnace plenums from combustible construction
shall be as described in standards CSA B139 -1962 for oil furnaces, CSA
B149 -1966 for gas furnaces and Part 6 of the National Building Code for
solid fuel burning furnaces.
(7) Ducts from warm air furnaces with minimum plenum clearance of 3 in.*
or less shall have at least this clearance from combustible construction where
the duct leaves the main plenum. This clearance may be gradually reduced to
z in. at a distance of at least 18 in. from the furnace plenum and to zero
beyond a bend or offset in the duct sufficiently large to shield the
remainder of the duct from direct radiation from the furnace heat exchanger.
Applied to gas or oil fired warm air furnaces (vertical) with high
limit controls of up to 250 °F.
(8) Supply ducts from warm air furnaces with a minimum furnace plenum
clearance of over 3 in. but not more than 6 in. shall have at least this
clearance from combustible construction at the main furnace plenum and
for a horizontal distance of 6 ft. from the furnace plenum. This clearance
may be reduced to z in. beyond this point and to zero clearance beyond a bend
or offset in the duct sufficiently large to shield the remainder of the duct
from direct radiation from the furnace heat exchanger.
(9) Ducts from furnaces with a minimum plenum clearance of more than 6 in.
shall have a clearance from combustible construction equal to that specified
for the furnace plenum. This clearance shall be maintained for a horizontal
distance of at least 3 ft. from the furnace plenum. The clearance may be
reduced to 6 in. beyond this point and to 1 in. at a horizontal distance of
6 ft. from the furnace plenum. This clearance may be further reduced to
5/16 in. beyond a bend or offset in the duct sufficiently large to shield the
remainder of the supply duct from direct radiation from the furnace heat
exchanger.
(10) Clearances for boots and register boxes shall be as described for
supply ducts when the boot or box is not separated from combustible
construction, except that when at least 4 in. of cellular asbestos
insulation is provided, no clearance is required.
(11) Where a register is installed in a floor directly over a pipeless
furnace, a double walled register box with at least 4 in. between walls
or a register box with the warm air passage completely surrounded by the
cold air passage, shall be permitted in lieu of the specified clearances
listed in (7) to (9) inclusive.
(12) The size of supply ducts shall be designed according to recognized
engineering practice to have adequate capacity for the heat loss of the
area being served.
(13) All round pipe joints shall be lapped not less than 1 inch and
shall have a snug fit without undue crimping or distortion. Such joints
need not be screw fastened or taped.
(14) Rectangular duct connections shall be made with S and drive cleats
or equivalent mechanical connection. Such connections need not be taped
if reasonably air tight.
(15) Trunk ducts shall be securely supported by metal hangers, straps,
lugs or brackets. The ducts shall not be nailed directly to wood members.
Branch pipes shall be supported at suitable spacing to maintain alignment
and prevent sagging.
(c-) Supply Outlets For Warm Air Ducts
(1) Registers for warm air supply ducts in garages shall be located at
least 4 ft. above the floor and be fitted with an automatic closure
to prevent garage vapours entering the heating system. (See also Sub-
section 6 (e) (4).
(2) Except for pipeless and floor furnaces, the temperature of supply
air at the outlets shall not exceed 160 °F.
- 45 -
(d) Return Air Systems
(1) The return air system shall be designed to handle the entire air
supply.
(2) Parts of return air ducts directly above or within 2 ft. of the
outside furnace casing shall be noncombustible. Return air ducts in
other locations shall be constructed of material not more flammable
than nominal 1 in. wood.
(3) Combustible return air ducts shall be lined with noncombustible
material below floor registers, at the bottom of vertical ducts and
under furnaces having a bottom return.
(4) Spaces between studs used as return air ducts shall be separated
from the unused portions of such spaces by tight fitting stops of metal
or nominal 2 in. thick wood.
(5) A vertical return air duct shall have openings to receive return
air on not more than one floor.
(6) A public hall or public stairway shall not be used as a return air
plenum.
(7) The return air system shall be designed so that the negative pressure
from the circulating fan cannot affect the furnace combustion air supply
nor draw combustion products from joints or openings in the furnace or
flue pipe.
(8) Return air inlets shall not be located in a garage or an enclosed
furnace room or in a crawl space if the furnace is installed in the crawl
space.
(9) Where warm air is exhausted into a garage, special provision shall
be made for make up air from the outside to compensate for this air.
(10) Return air from any dwelling unit shall not be recirculated to
any other dwelling unit.
(11) At least one return air inlet shall be provided per dwelling unit.
Each return shall serve an area having a design heat loss of not more than
60,000 BTU /hr.
(e) Steam And Hot Water Heating Systems
(1) Every steam and hot water pipe shall be constructed of noncombustible,
corrosion resistant material having adequate strength and durability.
(2) Lnsulation or other covering for steam or hot water pipes shall be
noncombustible.
(3) Clearance between steam or hot water pipes and combustible construction
shall be at least i in. for steam or water temperatures up to 2500F and 1
in. for temperatures over 2500F.
(4) The space around pipes passing through a wall or floor construction
shall be fire stopped with noncombustible material to prevent the spread
of fire between compartments.
(5) When pipes are run in an enclosure, the fire resistance of the
enclosure shall be at least equal to that of the construction through
which it passes. Such enclosures shall have a noncombustible lining if
the pipes are not insulated with at least 1 in. of insulation.
(6) Steam and hot water pipes shall be designed to allow expansion and
contraction with changes in temperature.
- 46 -
(f) Radiators, Convectors And Heat Exchangers
(1) Every heat exchanger or unit heater using hot water or low pressure
steam shall be installed with sufficient clearance to ensure that the
temperature of any combustible material will not exceed its safe limit.
(2) Every steam or hot water radiator or convector in a recess or
concealed space of combustible construction or attached to a wall shall
be provided with a noncombustible backing.
(g) Solid Fuel Burning Appliances
(1) Solid fuel burning appliances shall be mounted on noncombustible
floors or on two courses of 4 in. hollow masonry units, except when the
base of the unit is maintained at a relatively cool temperature by means
of a fan chamber or water chamber located beneath the unit. If the unit
is of the type in which the flame or hot gases do not contact the base,
and there is at least 4 in. clearance beneath the unit, it may be mounted
on sheet metal over 4 in. asbestos- cement board-
(2) Automatically stoker -fired forced warm air furnaces with 250OF high
limit control, or boilers.with 15 psi ga. maximum pressure and 2500F
maximum temperature limits shall have at least 6 in. clearance from
combustible construction above and at sides of bonnet or at jacket sides
and rear. Other types of boilers or furnaces shall have 18 in. clearance.
At least 48 in. clearance shall be provided at the front of all units.
Clearances, except at front, may be reduced if the combustible construction
is suitably protected.
(3) All necessary controls shall be installed in such a manner as to ensure
the safe operation of the equipment.
(4) Clearances from unprotected combustible construction for stoves,
ranges and space heaters shall conform to Table 25.
TABLE 25
CLEARANCES FROM UNPROTECTED COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION
FOR STOVES, RANGES AND SPACE HEATERS BURNING SOLID FUEL
Minimum Clearance (Inches)
At At At At
Appliances Top Front Sides Rear
Stoves, ranges and direct -fired
water heaters (fire pot without
fire -clay lining) 36 48 36(') 36
Stoves, ranges and direct -fired
water heaters (fire pot with
fire -clay lining) 36 48 240) 12
Space Heaters 1 36 1 48 1 12 1 12
NOTES TO TABLE 25
(1) For other than the fire -box side of a range burning solid fuel, the clearance
at side may be 18 in.
(2) Clearance at sides and front may be reduced to half those shown if the com-
bustible construction is protected by sheet metal over 4 in. asbestos board
or 4 in. asbestos board held out 1 in, by noncombustible material.
(h) Chimneys And Venting Equipment
(1) unless otherwise specified in the "Installation Code for Oil Burning
Equipment," CSA 8139 -1962, or "Installation Code for Gas - Burning Appliances
and Equipment," CSA B149 -1966, published by the Canadian Standards Assoc.,
the requirements for chimneys and vents in the Subsection apply.
- 47 -
(2) the flue -pipe shall slope upward and the cross- sectional area of the
flue -pipe shall be at least equal to the area of the flue outlet of the
appliance. Connection of the flue pipe to the chimney shall be by a metal
thimble or masonry flue ring. The connection shall be tight and made so
that the flue pipe does not extend into the chimney flue. The minimum
clearance between a flue pipe and unprotected combustible construction
shall be 18 in.
(3) A chimney flue serving a fireplace shall not serve any other heat
producing unit. Two or more heat producing units other than fireplaces
may be connected to a single chimney flue provided the flue pipe connections
to the chimney are made at different levels and in not more than one storey,
and if the cross - section area of the chimeny flue is at least equal to the
sum of the cross - sectional areas of the flue pipes. The minimum size of
flues shall be the equivalent of 6 in. diameter for small stoves, ranges,
space heaters and water heaters, 8 in. x 8 in. for furnaces and boilers, and
8 in. x 12 in. for fireplaces.
(4) Masonry chimneys shall be at least 32 in. thick for flue areas of 126
sq. in. or less and at least 72 in. thick (two wythes of masonry) for flue
areas in excess of 126 sq. in. The top of the chimney flue should be at
least 3 ft. above the highest point of chimney contact with the roof ard.
2 ft. above any roof surface within 10 ft. of the chimney. The clearance
between concrete or masonry chimneys and combustible framing shall be at
least 2 in. for interior chimneys and 2 in. for exterior chimneys.
(5) Every masonry chimney shall have a liner consisting of at least
5/8 in. fired -clay or firebrick, or other acceptable material and be
capped to form a drip, with flues separated by at least 32 in. of
masonry.
(6) Factory -built chimneys shall meet the requirements of the "Standards
for Factory -Built Chimneys ", C103 -1963, published by the Underwriterst
Laboratory of Canada.
(7) Factory -built fireplaces shall meet the requirements of the "Standard
for Factory -built Fireplaces," UL 127 -1960 published by the Underwriters,
Laboratories Inc.
(8) The back and side walls of fireplaces shall be at least 72 in. of
solid brick, block or concrete, or 12 in. of hollow block (at least 2
wythes) or stone; except that 32 in. solid masonry or 7 5/8 in. of hollow
masonry is permitted if an acceptable steel liner is used.
(9) The fireplace shall have a fireproof hearth that extends at least 16
in. in front and 8 in. beyond each side of the opening.
(10) The throat of every fireplace shall be equipped with a metal damper
sufficiently large to cover the full area of the throat opening.
(11) Mortar for the placing of firebrick shall be the fire clay or other
high - temperature type.
SECTION 23. PLUMBING
(a) General
All plumbing systems shall be installed in accordance with provincial
plumbing regulations. In the absence of such regulations, Part 7,
"Plumbing Services" of the "National Building Code of Canada, 1965"
shall aply.
(b) Private Water Supply And Sewage Disposal Systems
The design and construction of private water supply and sewage disposal
systems shall conform to the regulations of the Provincial Health
Department or the local Board of Health.
- 48 -
(c) Sanitary Facilities
(1) Where a piped water supply is available, every dwelling unit shall
be provided with at least one kitchen sink, water closet, wash basin and
bathtub.
(2) Where there is no piped water supply, a sanitary privy, chemical
closet, or other means approved by the authority having jurisdiction for
the disposal of excreta shall be provided.
(3) Where a piped supply of potable water is available the plumbing
fixtures for a dwelling unit shall be connected to the water supply
system, and, either, to a sanitary sewer or to an individual sewage
disposal system.
(4) Where a means of heating water is provided in a water supply system,
piping shall be installed to connect the heated water with a kitchen sink,
a wash basin and a bathtub.
SECTION 24. ELECTRICAL SERVICES
(a) General
Where electricity is available, electrical facilities shall be provided
for every building.
(b) Installation
Electrical installations shall meet:
(1) the requirements of the appropriate Provincial or Municipal statutes,
or, in the absence of such statutes,
(2) the requirements of the current edition of the "Canadian Electrical
Code" Part 1, C22.1, published by the Canadian Standards Association.
SECTION 25. MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
(a) General
All materials, systems and equipment shall possess the essential properties
to perform their intended functions in the structure.
(b) Testing
(1) When required by the authority having jurisdiction, materials, systems
or equipment shall be tested to determine acceptability for their intended
use.
(2) Except as provided in (c) (2) the test method to determine the
acceptability of materials, systems or equipment shall be published by
a recognized agency.
(3) All tests shall be carried out by a testing laboratory acceptable
to the authority having jurisdiction.
�c) Other Materials, Systems And Equipment
(1) Materials, systems and equipment not specifically described in
these standards or for which no recognized test procedure has been
established may be used if it can be shown that that materials, system
or equipment is suitable on the basis of past performance or sound
engineering principles or on the basis of tests described in (2).
(2) Where no published test method exists (see Appendix to National
Building Code of Canada, 1965) the tests shall be designed to simulate
or exceed anticipated service conditions or shall be designed to
compare the performance of material, system or equipment with similar
material, system or equipment that is known to be acceptable.
1WRIM
(d) Lumber
(1) Lumber grades shall conform to Table 26 for the particular use.
(2) All framing lumber shall be identified by the grade stamp of an
association or independent grading agency approved to grade stamp
lumber by CLS Administrative Board of the Canadian Standards Association.
(3) Grade stamp marks shall show the-insignia of the Association, or
independent grading agency, the species, grade and identifying mark of
the mill or grader and the rule under which it was graded.
(e) Concrete
(1) Concrete shall be kept at a temperature of not less than 50OF for
at least 72 hours after placing.
(2) Concrete shall be maxed and placed in accordance with the requirements
of Section 4.5 of the National Building Code of Canada, 1965.
TABLE 26
MINIMUM LUMBER GRADES FOR SPECIFIC END USES
NOTES TO TABLE 26
(1) Where wall sheathing is not required as a nailing base, one lower grade than
those specified is permitted.
(2) Refers to grading rules of different lumber associations.
(3) BCLMA means British Columbia Lumber Manufacturers Association grading rules.
WCLIB means West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau grading rules.
WWPA means Western Wood Products Association grading rules.
ESGC means Eastern Spruce Grading Committee grading rules.
EPGC means Eastern Pine Grading Committee grading rules.
CIA means Canadian Lumberman's Association grading rules.
Douglas Fir
Eastern Spruce
White Pine
White Pine
Ponderosa Pine
W. Hemlock
Balsam Fir
Red Pine
Red Pine
W. White Pine
W. Red Cedar
Jack Pine
Lodgepole Pine
Spruce —Sitka
Eastern Hemlock
Larch
Uses
W. White and
Eastern Cedar
White Fir
Engelmann
Tamarack
Engelman Spruce
Yellow Cedar
Poplar
Western White
Lodgepole Pine
Spruce
Ponderosa Pine
'
Western White Pine
Larch
( BCLMA, WCLIB,
WWPA) (2) (3)
(ESGC) (2) (3)
(EPGC) (2) (3)
(CLA) > (3)
(WWPA) (2) (2)
Stud Wall Framing
Standard
Standard (No. 2)
No. 1 Dim.
No. 1 Dim.
Standard
(Load Bearing
No. 1 Studs
No. 1 Studs
Members)
Stud Wall Framing
Utility
Utility (No. 3)
No. 4 Com.
No. 4
Utility
(Non Load Bearing
Members
West Coast Studs
Studs
West Coast Studs
Plank Frame
Construction
Utility
Standard (No. 2)
No. 3 Com.
No. 3
No. 2 Studs
Utility
(Load Bearing
Members)
Plank Frame
Construction
Economy
Economy (No. 4)
No. 5 Com.
No. 5
Economy
(Non Load Bearing
Members)
Posts and Beams
Roof Sheathing
Standard
Standard
Standard (No. 2)
Standard (No. 2)
No. 1 Dim.
No. 3 Com.
No. 1 Dim.
No.
Standard
Subflooring
Wall Sheathingo)
Standard
Utility
Standard (No. 2)
Utility
No. 3 Com:
4
No. 3
No. 3 Com.
No. 3 Com.
(No. 3)
No. 4 Com.
No. 4
No. 4 Com.
NOTES TO TABLE 26
(1) Where wall sheathing is not required as a nailing base, one lower grade than
those specified is permitted.
(2) Refers to grading rules of different lumber associations.
(3) BCLMA means British Columbia Lumber Manufacturers Association grading rules.
WCLIB means West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau grading rules.
WWPA means Western Wood Products Association grading rules.
ESGC means Eastern Spruce Grading Committee grading rules.
EPGC means Eastern Pine Grading Committee grading rules.
CIA means Canadian Lumberman's Association grading rules.
- 50 -
APPENDIX A - SPAN TABLES lA - VIIIA
TABLE IA
CEILING JOISTS (4) - ATTIC NOT ACCESSIBLE BY A STAIRWAY FOR NO. 1
OR CONSTRUCTION GRADE LUMBER (5)
NOTES TO TABLE lA
(1) When any of these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association
Rules, reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6 %.
(2) Includes gypsum board.
(3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table (2x5, 2 x 7, etc.,) may be
estimated with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(4) For ceiling joists in attics accessible by a stairway, refer to Table
V1A for floor joists designed for 30PSF live load.
(5) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Department
of Forestry publication No. 1110, 1965.
TABLE 11A
RAFTERS - NOT SUPPORTING CEILING FOR NO. I OR CONSTRUCTION GRADE LUMBER (3)
LIVE LOAD
LIVE
LOAD
10
lb.
per sq.
ft.
LIVE
LOAD
50 lb.
per
sq. ft.(4)
Plastered
ceiling(2)
per
sq. ft.0)
Other
than
plastered
ceiling
20 Ib_ per sq.
ft.(4)
Nominalh>
Joist spacing
Spacing
Joist spacing
Species
Size
12 in.
16 in.
20 in.
24 in.
12
in.
16 in.
20 in.
24 in.
(inches)
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
24 in.
2x4
11
6
10
1
9
0
8
2
11
7
10
1
9
0
8
2
Douglas Fir
2 x 6
17
6
15
11
14
8
13
11
20
0
18
2
16
11
15
11
Western Larch
2 x 8
23
10
21
8
20
1
18
11
27
4
24
10
23
0
21
7
5
2 x 10
29
9
27
1
25
1
23
7
34
1
31
0
28
9
27
0
7
2x4
10
8
9
2
8
4
7
7
10
8
9
2
8
4
7
7
Pacific Coast
2 x 6
17
1
15
6
14
5
13
7
19
7
17
10
16
6
15
6
Hemlock
2 x 8
23
4
21
2
19
8
18
6
26
8
24
4
22
6
21
2
1
2 x 10
29
1
26
6
24
7
32
1
33
5
30
5
28
1
26
6
Lodgepole Pine
2 x 4
9
7
8
4
7
5
6
10
9
7
8
4
7
5
6
10
Ponderosa Pine
2 x 6
15
5
14
0
12
7
11
6
16
2
14
1
12
7
11
6
All Western Spruce
2 x 8
21
0
19
1
17
8
16
8
24
1
21
11
19
11
18
2
Species
2 x 10
26
3
23
11
22
1
20
11
30
1
27
5
24
11
22
9
2
2 x 4
9
0
7
10
7
0
6
5
9
0
7
10
7
0
6
5
Western Red Cedar
2 x 611)
14
11
13
7
12
7
11
6
16
4
14
1
12
7
11
6
Western White Pine
2 x 8
20
5
18
6
17
2
16
2
23
4
20
11
18
8
17
1
11
2 x 10
25
6
23
1
21
6
20
3
29
1
26
1
23
5
21
5
2
2x4
10
4
9
0
8
0
7
4
10
4
9
0
8
0
7
4
Pacific Coast
2 x 6
15
11
14
5
13
5
12
7
18
- 2
16
2
14
5
13
2
Yellow Cedar
2 x 8
21
7
19
8
18
4
17
2
24
10
22
6
20
1
is
4
1
2 x 10
27
0
24
7
22
11
21
6
31
0
28
1
26
1
24
5
Eastern Spruce
2 x 4
9
7
8
4
7
5
6
10
9
7
8
4
7
5
6
10
Balsam Fir
2 x 6
15
5
14
0
13
0
12
2
17
8
16
0
14
7
13
4
Eastern Hemlock
2 x 8
21
0
19
1
17
8
16
8
24
1
21
11
19
11
18
2
2
2 x 10
26
3
23
-11
22
1
20
li
30
1
27
5
24
11
22
9
2
2x4
10
4
9
0
8
0
7
4
10
4
9
0
8
0
7
4
Jack Pine
2 x 6
15
11
14
5
13
5
12
7
18
2
16
6
15
4
14
4
0
2 x 8
21
7
19
8
18
4
17
2
24
10
22
6
20
11
19
6
2
2 x 10
27
0
24
'T
22
11
21
6
31
0
28
1
26
1
24
5
9
2 x 4
9
10
8
11
8
4
7
10
11
4
10
2
9
2
8
5
White Pine
2 x 6
14
11
13
7
12
7
11
11
17
1
15
4
13
8
12
6
Red Pine
2 x 8
20
5
18
6
17
2
16
2
23
4
20
11
18
8
17
1
11
2 x 10
25
6
23
1
21
6
20
3
29
1
26
1
23
5
21
5
7
2x4
9
0
7
10
7
0
6
5
9
0
7
10
7
0
6
5
Poplar
2 x 6
14
11
13
7
12
7
it
11
17
1
15
4
13
8
12
6
1
2 x 8
20
5
is
6
17
2
16
2
23
4
20
11
18
8
17
1
2
2 x10
125
6
23
1
21
6
20
3
29
1
26
1
23
5
21
5
NOTES TO TABLE lA
(1) When any of these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association
Rules, reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6 %.
(2) Includes gypsum board.
(3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table (2x5, 2 x 7, etc.,) may be
estimated with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(4) For ceiling joists in attics accessible by a stairway, refer to Table
V1A for floor joists designed for 30PSF live load.
(5) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Department
of Forestry publication No. 1110, 1965.
TABLE 11A
RAFTERS - NOT SUPPORTING CEILING FOR NO. I OR CONSTRUCTION GRADE LUMBER (3)
LIVE LOAD
LIVE LOAD
LIVE LOAD
LIVE
LOAD
50 lb.
per
sq. ft.(4)
40 lb.
per
sq. ft.0)
30 lb. per
sq.
ft.0)
20 Ib_ per sq.
ft.(4)
Spacing
Spacing
Spacing
Spacing
Nominal(2)
16 in.
20 in.
24 in.
16 in.
20 in.
24 in.
16
in.
20 in.
24 in.
12
in.
16
in.
20
in.
24 in.
Species
Size
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
(inches)
2 x 4
5
10
5
1
4
8
6
5
5
8
5
2
7
2
6
5
5
11
9
9
8
5
7
7
6
11
Douglas Fir
2 x 6
11
8
10
6
9
7
12
7
11
7
10
7
13
11
12
11
12
0
17
6
15
11
14
9
13
10
Western Larch
2 x 8
16
0
14
5
13
1
17
2
15
10
14
6
18
11
17
7
16
5
23
10
21
8
20
1
15
11
2 x 10
20
2
18
2
16
7
21
10
20
1
18
4
24
0
22
2
20
8
30
2
27
5
25
5
23
11
2x4
5
4
4
8
4
4
5
11
5
2
4
10
6
7
5
11
5
5
9
0
9
9
7
0
6
4
Pacific Coast
2 x 6
11
5
10
6
9
7
12
4
11
5
10
7
13
7
12
7
11
11
17
1
15
6
14
5
13
7
Hemlock
2 x 8
15
7
14
5
13
1
16
10
15
7
14
6
18
6
17
2
16
2
23
4
21
2
19
8
18
6
2 x 10
19
10
18
2
16
7
21
4
19
10
18
4
23
5
21
10
20
6
29
6
26
10
24
11
23
5
Lodgepole Pine
2 x 4
4
10
4
4
3
11
5
2
4
8
4
4
5
11
5
4
4
10
8
1
7
0
6
3
5
8
Ponderosa Pine
2,,6
8
1
7
2
6
8
11
8
0
7
2
10
0
9
0
8
4
13
8
11
10
10
8
9
8
All Western Spruce
2 x 8
12
10
11
5
10
5
14
1
12
7
11
6
15
11
14
2
13
0
21
0
18
9
16
9
15
3
Species
2 x 10
16
1
14
5
13
2
17
10
15
11
14
7
20
1
18
0
16
5
26
8
23
8
21
2
19
4
2 x 4
4
6
4
0
3
8
4
11
4
5
4
0
5
7
5
0
4
7
7
7
6
7
5
11
5
4
Western Red Cedar
2 x 60)
8
1
7
2
6
7
8
11
8
0
7
4
10
1
9
0
8
2
13
9
11
11
10
8
9
9
Western White Pine
2 x 8
12
0
10
8
9
10
13
2
11
10
10
10
15
0
13
5
12
2
20
4
17
7
15
9
14
4
2 x 10
15
2
13
7
12
5
16
10
15
0
13
8
19
0
17
0
15
6
25
9
22
4
19
11
18
2
2x4
5
1
4
7
4
2
5
8
5
1
4
7
6
5
5
8
5
2
8
8
7
6
6
9
6
2
Pacific Coast
2 x G
9
4
8
4
7
7
30
2
9
1
8
4
11
7
f0
4
9
5
15
9
13
7
12
2
11
1
Yellow Cedar
2 x 8
12
11
11
7
10
6
14
2
12
8
11
7
16
1
14
5
13
1
21
8
18
11
16
11
15
5
2 x 10
17
5
15
6
14
2
19
1
17
1
15
7
21
7
19
5
17
8
27
5
24
11
22
9
20
10
Eastern Spruce
2 x 4
4
10
4
4
3
11
5
2
4
8
4
4
5
11
5
4
4
10
8
1
7
0
6
3
5
8
Balsam Fir
2 x 6
I
9
5
8
5
7
7
10
4
9
2
8
5
11
8
10
5
9
6
15
5
13
9
12
3
11
2
Eastern Hemlock
2 x 8
12
10
11
5
10
5
14
1
12
7
11
6
15
11
14
2
13
0
21
0
18
9
16
9
15
3
2 x 10
16
2
14
5
13
2
17
10
15
11
14
7
20
1
18
0
16
5
26
8
23
8
21
2
19
4
2 x 4
5
1
4
7
4
2
5
8
5
1
4
7
6
5
5
8
5
2
8
8
7
6
6
9
6
Jack Pine
2 x 6
10
0
9
0
8
2
11
1
9
It
9
0
12
6
11
2
10
2
15
11
14
5
13
2
12
0
2 x 3
13
8
12
4
11
2
15
1
13
6
12
4
17
1
15
4
13
11
21
8
19
8
18
0
16
5
2 x 10
I' 17
5
15
G
14
2
19
1
17
1
15
21
i
19
5
17
8
27
5
24
11
22
9
20
10
2 .4
5
11
5
4
4
10
6
6
5
10
5
4
7
4
1 6
7
6
0
9
10
8
8
7
9
7
1
White Pine
2 x 6
8
10
7
I1
i
2
9
8
8
8
7
11
11
0
9
10
9
0
14
11
12
11
11
7
10
6
Red Pine
2 x 8
12
0
10
8
9
10
13
2
11
10
10
Is
0
13
5
12
2
20
4
17
7
15
9
14
4
2 x 1
15
_
13
7
12
5
16
10
15
0
10
113
8
19
0
17
0
15
6
25
9
22
4
19
11
18
2
2 x 4
'i'i 4
6
4
0
3
8
4
11
4
5
4
0
5
7
5
0
4
7
7
6
7
5
11
S
4
Poplar
2 x 6
S
10
11
1
2
9
8
8
8
7
II
11
0
9
10
9
0
14
11
12
11
11
7
10
6
2 x 8
12
0
10
8
9
10
13
2
31
30
10
10
15
0
13
5
12
2
20
4
17
7
15
9
14
4
2 x 10
;'i 15
2
13
7
12
5
16
10
15
0
13
8
19
0
17
0
15
6
25
9
22
4
19
1 t
18
2
- 51 -
NOTES TO TABLE 11A
(1) When species are graded by Western Wood Products Association Rules, reduce
the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6 %.
(2) Spans for sizes not listed in this table (2 x 5, 2 x 7, etc.,) may be
estimated with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(3) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be fDund in Dept. of
Forestry Publication No. 1110, 1965.
(4) Spans may be used for loads other than those shown if the member spacing
is varied proportionately to the ratio of the load in the table to the
new design load.
TARTF 1 1 1 A
ROOF JOISTS - SUPPORTING CEILING FOR N0. 1 OR CONSTRUCTION GRADE LUMBER (4)
NOTES TO TABLE 111A
1) When species are graded by Western Wood Products Association Rules, reduce the
spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6`/0.
2) Includes gypsum board.
3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table (2x5, 2x7, etc) may be estimated
with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
4) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Department of
Forestry Publication No. 1110, 1965.
5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied proportionately
to the ratio of the load in the table to the new design load.
LIVE LOAD 30 lb. per sq. ft.((')
Plastered
ceiling(2)
Other
than plastered
ceiling
Species
Nominal(3)
Joist spacing
Joist spacing
Size
12 in.
16 in.
20 in.
24
in.
12
in.
16 in.
20 in.
24 in.
(inches)
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
2 x 6
12
1
1.
0
10
2
9
7
13
11
12
7
11
8
11
0
Douglas Fir
Western Larch
2 x 8
2 x 10
16
20
6
11
15
19
0
0
13
17
11
8
13
16
1
7
18
23
11
11
17
21
2
10
15
20
11
2
15
19
0
0
2 x 12
25
4
23
0
21
5
20
1
29
0
26
4
24
6
23
0
2 x 6
11
11
10
10
10
0
9
5
13
7
12
4
11
5
10
10
Pacific Coast
2 x 8
16
2
14
8
13
7
12
10
IS
6
16
10
15
7
14
8
Hemlock
2 x 10
20
6
18
7
17
4
16
4
23
5
21
4
19
10
18
7
2 x 12
24
10
22
6
20
11
19
8
28
5
25
10
23
11
22
6
Lodgepole Pine
Ponderosa Pine
2 x 6
2 x 8
10
14
8
7
9
13
7
2
8
12
6
4
7
11
10
7
11
16
0
8
9
15
7
1
8
13
6
6
7
12
10
4
All Western Spruce
2 x 10
18
6
16
10
15
7
14
8
21
1
19
1
17
1
15
7
Species
2 x 12
22
5
20
4
18
11
17
8
25
1
22
11
20
6
18
8
2 x 6W
10
5
9
5
8
7
7
10
11
1
9
7
8
7
7
10
Western Red Cedar
2 x 8
14
1
12
10
11
11
it
2
16
2
14
2
12
8
11
7
Western White Pine
2 x 10
17
11
16
4
15
1
14
2
20
6
18
0
16
1
14
8
2 x 12
21
8
19
8
18
4
17
2
24
10
21
7
19
4
17
7
2 x 6
11
0
10
0
9
4
8
8
12
7
11
0
9
10
9
0
Pacific Coast
2 x 8
15
0
13
7
12
8
11
11
17
2
15
2
13
7
12
5
Yellow Cedar
2 x 10
19
0
17
4
16
0
15
1
21
10
19
10
18
5
16
10
2 x 12
23
0
20
it
19
5
18
4
26
4
23
11
22
1
20
2
Eastem Spruce
2 x 6
10
8
9
8
9
0
8
6
12
2
11
1
9
11
9
0
Balsam Fir
2 x 8
14
7
13
2
12
4
11
7
16
8
15
1
13
6
12
4
Eastern Hemlock
2 x 10
18
6
16
10
15
7
14
8
21
1
19
1
17
1
15
7
2 x 12
22
5
20
4
18
11
17
8
25
7
23
4
21
7
20
0
2 x 6
11
0
10
0
9
4
8
8
12
7
11
5
10
7
9
8
Jack Pine
2 x 8
15
0
13
7
12
8
11
11
17
2
15
7
14
6
13
2
2 x 10
19
0
17
4
16
0
15
1
21
10
19
10
18
5
16
10
2 x 12
23
0
20
11
19
5
18
4
26
4
23
11
22
2
20
11
2x6
10
5
9
5
8
8
8
2
11
11
30
5
9
4
8
6
Red Pine
2 x 8
14
1
t2
10
11
11
11
2
16
2
14
2
12
8
11
7
White Pine
2 x 10
17
11
16
4
15
1
14
2
20
6
18
0
16
1
14
8
2 x 12
21
8
19
8
18
4
17
2
24
10
22
6
20
8
18
ii
2 x 6
10
5
9
5
8
8
8
2
11
11
10
5
9
4
8
6
Poplar
2 x 8
14
1
12
10
11
11
11
2
16
2
14
2
12
8
11
7
2 x 10
17
11
16
4
15
1
14
2
20
6
18
0
16
1
14
8
2 x 12
21
8
19
8
18
4
17
2
24
10
22
6
20
8
18
11
NOTES TO TABLE 111A
1) When species are graded by Western Wood Products Association Rules, reduce the
spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6`/0.
2) Includes gypsum board.
3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table (2x5, 2x7, etc) may be estimated
with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
4) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Department of
Forestry Publication No. 1110, 1965.
5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied proportionately
to the ratio of the load in the table to the new design load.
- 52 -
TABLE 1VA
ROOF JOISTS - SUPPORTING CEILING FOR NO. I OR CONSTRUCTION GRADE LUMBER (4)
NOTES TO TABLE 1VA
(1) When any of these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association
Rules, reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6 %.
(2) includes gypsum board.
(3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table ( 2x5, 2x7, etc.) may be
estimated with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(4) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Dept. of
Forestry Publication No. 1110, 1965.
(5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied proportionately
to the ratio of load in the Table to the new design load.
LIVE
LOAD
40
1b.
per sq.
ft.W
Plastered
ceiling(2)
Other than plastered
ceiling
Species
Nominal(a)
Joist spacing
Joist spacing
Size
12 in.
16 in.
20 in.
24
in.
12 in.
16 in.
20 in.
24 in.
(inches)
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
2 x 6
it
0
10
0
9
4
8
8
12
7
11
5
10
7
10
0
Douglas Fir
2 x 8
15
0
13
7
12
8
11
11
17
2
15
7
14
6
13
7
Western Larch
2 x 10
19
0
17
4
16
0
15
1
21
10
19
10
18
5
17
4
2 x 12
23
0
20
11
19
5
18
4
26
2
23
10
22
1
20
10
2 x 6
10
10
9
10
9
1
8
7
12
4
11
2
10
5
9
10
Pacific Coast
2 x 8
14
8
13
4
12
5
11
8
16
10
15
4
14
2
13
4
Hemlock
2 x 10
18
7
16
11
15
8
14
10
21
4
19
5
18
0
16
11
2 x 12
22
6
20
6
19
0
17
11
25
7
23
4
21
7
20
4
Lodgepole Pine
2 x 6
9
8
8
6
7
7
6
11
9
11
8
6
7
7
6
11
Ponderosa Pine
2 x 8
13
4
12
0
11
2
10
6
15
2
13
6
12
1
11
0
All Western Spruce
2 x 10
16
10
15
2
14
2
13
4
19
2
17
1
15
4
14
0
Species
2 x 12
20
4
18
6
17
1
16
1
23
0
20
6
18
5
16
10
Western Red Cedar
2 x 6(1)
2 x 8
9
12
5
10
8
11
7
8
7
10
8
10
7
10
0
2
9
14
11
8
8
12
7
8
7
11
8
5
7
10
0
5
Western White Pine
2 x 10
16
4
14
10
13
8
12
11
18
7
16
1
14
5
13
1
2 x 12
19
8
17
11
16
7
15
7
22
4
19
4
17
4
15
8
Pacific Coast
Yellow Cedar
2 x 6
2 x 8
2 x 10
10
13
17
0
7
4
9
12
15
1
5
8
8
11
14
5
6
7
7
10
13
it
10
8
11
15
19
4
- 7
10
9
13
18
10
7
0
8
12
16
10
2
5
8
11
15
0
1
0
2x12
20
11_
19
0
17
7
16
7
23
10
21
7
19
8
18
0
_
Eastern Spruce
2 x 6
9
8
8
10
8
2
7
8
11
1
9
11
8
11
8
1
Balsam Fir
2 x 8
13
4
12
0
11
2
10
6
15
2
13
6
12
1
11
0
Eastern Hemlock
2 x 10
16
10
15
2
14
2
13
4
19
2
17
1
15
4
14
0
2 x 12
20
4
18
6
17
1
16
1
23
0
21
0
19
5
18
0
2 x 6
10
0
9
1
8
5
7
11
11
5
10
5
9
6
8
8
Jack Pine
2 x 8
13
7
12
5
11
6
10
10
15
7
14
2
13
0
11
10
2 x 10
17
4
15
8
14
7
13
8
19
10
18
0
16
5
15
0
2 x 12
20
11
19
11
17
7
16
7
23
10
21
7
20
0
18
10
2 x 6
9
5
8
7
7
11
7
6
10
8
9
4
8
4
7
7
Red Pine
2 x 8
12
10
11
8
10
10
10
2
14
8
12
8
11
5
10
5
White Pine
2 x 10
16
4
14
10
13
8
12
11
18
7
16
1
14
5
13
1
2 x 12
19
8
17
11
16
7
15
7
22
4
20
4
18
6
16
10
2 x 6
9
5
8
7
7
11
7
6
10
8
9
4
8
4
7
7
Poplar
2 x 8
12
10
11
8
10
10
10
2
14
8
12
8
11
5
10
5
2x10
16
4
14
10
13
8
12,
11
18
7
16
1
14
5
13
1
2 x 12
19
8
17
11
16
7'
15
7
22
4
20
4
18
6
16
10
NOTES TO TABLE 1VA
(1) When any of these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association
Rules, reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6 %.
(2) includes gypsum board.
(3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table ( 2x5, 2x7, etc.) may be
estimated with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(4) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Dept. of
Forestry Publication No. 1110, 1965.
(5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied proportionately
to the ratio of load in the Table to the new design load.
- 53 -
TABLE VA
ROOF JOISTS - SUPPORTING BEILING FOR NO. I OR CONSTRUCTION GRADE LUMBER (4)
NOTES TO TABLE VA
(1) When any of these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association Rules,
reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6%.
(2) Includes gypsum board.
(3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table (.2x5, 2x7, etc.) may be estimated
with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(4) Allowable spans for other grades of limber may be found in Dept. of Forestry
Publication No. 1110, 1965.
(5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied
proportionately to the ratio of the load in the Table to the new design load.
LIVE LOAD 50 lb. per sq. ft.(5)
Plastered ceiling(2)
Other than plastered ceiling
Species
Nominal(a)
joist spacing
Joist
spacing
Size
12
in.
16
in.
20 in.
24
in.
12
in.
16 in.
20 in.
24
in.
(inches)
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
2 x 6
10
2
9
4
8
7
8
1
11
8
10
7
9
11
9
4
Douglas Fir
Western Larch
2 x 8
2 x 10
2 x 12
13
17
21
11
8
2
12
16
19
8
0
2
11
14
17
10
11
11
11
14
16
1
0
10
15
20
24
11
2
2
14
18
22
6
5
1
13
17
20
6
0
5
12
16
19
8
0
2
2 x 6
10
0
9
1
8
5
7
11
11
5
10
5
9
8
9
1
Pacific Coast
Hemlock
2 x 8
2 x 10
2 x 12
13
17
20
7
4
10
12
15
19
5
8
0
11
14
17
6
7
6
10
13
16
10
8
5
15
19
23
7
10
10
14
18
21
2
0
7
13
16
20
2
8
0
12
15
1s
5
8
10
Lodgepole Pine
Ponderosa Pine
All Western Spruce
Species
2 x 6
2 x 8
2 x 10
2 x 12
9
12
15
18
0
4
7
8
7
11
14
17
10
2
2
0
6
10
13
15
11
5
1
8
6
9
12
14
5
10
5
11
9
14
17
21
0
1
10
5
7
12
15
18
10
4
7
8
6
11
14
16
11
0
0
10
6
10
12
15
5
1
8
2
2 x 64)
8
8
7
10
7
0
6
5
9
0
7
10
7
0
6
5
Western Red Cedar
2 x 8
it
11
10
10
10
0
9
6
13
5
11
7
10
5
9
6
Western White Pine
2 x 10
2 x 12
15
18
1
1
13
16
8
5
12
15
8
2
12
14
0
5
17
20
0
5
14
17
8
7
13
15
1
8
12
14
0
5
2 x 6
9
4
8
5
7
10
7
4
10
4
9
0
8
0
7
4
Pacific Coast
Yellow Cedar
2 x 8
2 x 10
12
16
8
0
it
14
6
7
10
13
8
6
10
12
0
8
14
18
5
5
12
16
5
8
11
15
1
0
10
13
2
8
2 x 12
19
2
17
7
16
2
15
2
22
1
20
0
18
0
16
5
2 x 6 j
9
0
8
2
7
7
3
1
7
5
Eastern Spruce
7 2
10 4
9 0
Balsam Fir
2 x 8
12
4
11
2
10
5
9
10
14
1
12
4
11
0
10
1
Eastern Hemlock
2 x 10
15
7
14
2
13
1
12
5
17
10
15
7
14
0
12
8
2 x 12
18
8
17
0
15
8
14
11
21
5
19
5
18
0
16
4
2 x 6
9
4
8
5
7
10
7
5
10
7
9
8
8
8
7
11
Jack Pine
2 x 8
12
8
11
6
10
8
10
0
14
6
13
2
11
10
10
10
2 x 10
16
0
14
7
13
6
12
8
18
5
16
8
15
0
13
8
2 x 12
19
2
17
7
16
2
15
2
22
1
20
0
18
7
17
6
2 x 6
8
8
7
11
7
5
6
11
9
10
8
6
7
7
6
11
White Pine
2 x 8
11
11
10
10
10
0
9
6
13
5
11
7
10
5
9
6
Red Pine
2 x 10
15
1
13
8
12
8
12
0
17
0
14
8
13
1
12
0
2 x 12
18
1
16
5
15
2
14
5
20
10
18
10
16
10
15
5
2 x 6
8
8
7
11
7
5
6
11
9
10
8
6
7
7
6
11
Poplar
2 x 8
11
11
10
10
10
0
9
6
13
5
it
7
10
5
9
6
2 x 10 1
15
1
13
8
12
8
12
0
17
0
14
8
13
1
12
0
2x12 11,
18
1
16
5
15
2
14
5
20
10
18
10
16
10
15
5
NOTES TO TABLE VA
(1) When any of these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association Rules,
reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6%.
(2) Includes gypsum board.
(3) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table (.2x5, 2x7, etc.) may be estimated
with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(4) Allowable spans for other grades of limber may be found in Dept. of Forestry
Publication No. 1110, 1965.
(5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied
proportionately to the ratio of the load in the Table to the new design load.
54 -
TABLE VIA
FLOOR JOISTS -- FOR NO. 1 OR CONSTRUCTION GRADE LUMBER (4)
B OTES TO TABLE VIA
(1) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table ( 2x5, 2x7, etc.) may be estimated
with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(2) includes gypsum board.
(3) When these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association Rules,
reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6`/0.
(4) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Dept. of Forestry
Publication No. 1110, 1965.
(5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied
proportionately to the ratio of load in the Table to the new design load.
LIVE LOAD
40 lb. per sq.
ft.(')
LIVE LOAD 30
Ib. per sq. ft.(b)
All ceilings
Plastered
ceiling(2)
Other
than
plastered
ceiling
Species
Nominal(')
Size
Joist spacing
Joist spacing
Joist spacing
16 in.
20 in.
24 in.
16 in.
20
in.
24
in.
16 in.
20 in.
24
in.
(inches)
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
ft.
in.
2x6
10
0
9
4
8
8
11
0
10
2
9
7
12
7
it
8
11
0
Douglas Fir
2 x 8
13
7
12
8
11
11
15
0
13
11
13
1
7
17
21
2
10
15
20
11
2
15
19
0
0
Western Larch
2 x 10
17
4
16
0
15
1
19
23
0
0
17
21
8
5
16
20
1
26
4
24
6
23
0
2 x 12
20
11
19
5
18
4
2 x 6
9
10
9
1
8
7
10
10
10
0
9
5
12
4
it
5
10
9
Pacific Coast
2 x 8
13
4
12
5
11
8
14
8
13
7
12
10
16
21
10
4
15
19
7
10
14
18
8
7
Hemlock
2 x 10
16
11
15
8
14
10
18
22
7
6
17
20
4
11
16
19
4
8
25
10
23
11
22
6
-
2 x 12
20
6
19
0
17
11
Western Spruce Species
2 x 6
8
0
7
1
6
6
9
0
8
1
7
5
9
0
8
12
1
8
7
11
5
7
Lodgepole Pine
2 x 8
12
0
11
2
10
4
13
16
2
10
12
15
4
7
11
14
7
8
14
18
4
0
16
1
14
8
Ponderosa Pine
2 x 10
15
2
14
2
13
15
0
10
20
4
18
11
17
8
21
11
19
6
17
10
2 x 12
18
6
17
1
2 x 60)
8
0
7
2
6
6
9
1
8
1
7
5
9
1
8
1
7
5
Western Red Cedar
2 x 8
11
8
10
7
9
8
12
10
11
11
10
11
13
5
12
0
2
10
13
11
11
Western White Pine
2 x 10
14
10
13
5
12
3
16
4
15
1
13
16
11
10
17
20
0
7
15
18
5
16
10
2 x 12
17
11
16
2
14
10
19
8
18
4
2x6
9
1
8
2
7
6
10
0
9
4
8
6
10
4
9
4
8
6
Pacific Coast
2 x 8
12
5
11
6
10
10
13
7
12
8
11
11
14
5
5
12
17
11
4
11
15
9
10
Yellow Cedar
2 x 10
15
8
14
7
13
8
17
4
16
0
15
1
19
23
6
21
0
14
2
2 x 12
19
0
17
7
16
7
20
11
19
5
18
4
8
10
8
2
9
0
8
6
10
14
6
4
9
12
4
8
8
11
6
7
Eastern Spruce
2 x 6
7 6
9 8
Balsam Fir
2 x 8
12
0
11
2
10
4
13
16
2
10
12
15
4
7
11
14
7
8
18
0
16
1
14
8
Eastern Hemlock
2 x 10
15
2
14
2
13
0
20
4
18
11
17
8
23
4
21
0
19
2
2 x 12
18
6
17
1
16
1
2 x 6
9
1
8
5
7
11
10
0
9
4
8
8
11
2
10
0
9
2
Jack Pine
2 x 8
12
5
11
6
10
10
13
7
12
8
11
11
15
4
13
8
12
6
2 x 10
15
8
14
7
13
8
17
4
16
0
15
1
19
5
17
4
15
10
2 x 12
19
0
17
7
16
7
20
11
19
5
18
4
23
11
22
2
20
7
2 x 6
8
7
7
10
7
1
9
5
8
8
8
0
9
10
8
10
8
0
Red Pine
2 x 8
11
8
10
7
9
8
12
10
11
11
10
11
13
5
12
0
10
11
White Pine
2 x 10
14
10
13
5
12
2
16
4
15
1
13
11
17
0
15
2
13
11
2 x 12
17
11
16
7
15
7
19
8
18
4
17
2
22
1
19
8
18
0
2 x 6
8
7
7
10
7
1
9
5
8
8
8
0
9
10
8
10
8
0
Poplar
2 x 8
11
8
10
7
9
8
12
10
11
11
10
11
13
5
12
0
10
11
2 x 10
14
10
13
5
12
2
16
4
15
1
13
11
17
0
15
2
13
it
2 x 12
17
11
16
7
15
7
19
8
18
4
17
2
22
1
19
8
18
0
B OTES TO TABLE VIA
(1) Spans for sizes not listed in this Table ( 2x5, 2x7, etc.) may be estimated
with sufficient accuracy by straight line interpolation.
(2) includes gypsum board.
(3) When these species are graded by Western Wood Products Association Rules,
reduce the spans of 2 in. x 6 in. members by 6`/0.
(4) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Dept. of Forestry
Publication No. 1110, 1965.
(5) Spans may be used for other loads if the member spacing is varied
proportionately to the ratio of load in the Table to the new design load.
- 55 -
TART R IT1 l A
MAXIMUM SPANS FOR BUILT -UP WOOD BEAM IN BASEMENTS, CELLARS
AND CRAWL SPACES (1) FOR HOUSES FOR NO. 1 OR CONSTRUCTION
GRADE LUMBER (6)
NOTES TO TABLE V11A
(1) This table provides maximum allowable spans for main beams or girders which
are built up from nominal 2 inch members in the species, sizes, and grades
indicated. Allowable spans for solid wood beams, blued- laminated wood
beams, or built -up beams in sizes or grades other than shown, shall be
determined from standard engineering formulae.
(2) Supported joist length means 2 the sum of the joist spans on both sides of
the beam.
(3) For supported joist lengths intermediate between those showin in the tables,
straight line interpolation may be used in determining the maximum beam span.
(4) The 2 inch members shall be laid on edge and fastened together with a double
row of common nails not less than 32 in. in length. Nails shall be spaced
not more than 18 inches apart in each row with the end nails placed 4 inches
to 6 inches from the end of each piece.
(5) Where built -up wood beams are employed over a single span, the length of each
individual piece used to fabricate the beam shall equal the length of the beam.
(6) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Residential Standards,
Canada, 1965.
Sup -
7 ft.
6 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
9 ft.
6 in.
11 ft.
0 in.
11 ft.
6 in.
13 ft.
4 in.
Fir (Amabilis
No.
ported
6 ft.
3 in.
7 ft.
Size of built -up
beam, inches(')
(c)
9 ft.
10 in.
9 ft.
Species
of
joist
and Grandis)
IM or 2
12 ft.
5 ft.
5 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
8 ft.
4 in.
Storeys
Length
3 -2
x 8
4-2
x 8
3 -2 x 10
4-2 x 10
3 -2 x 12
4-2 x 12
1 in.
7 ft.
('-) (3)
7 ft.
5 in.
8 ft.
9 ft.
6 in.
10 ft.
11 in.
12 ft.
0 in.
13 ft.
10 in.
14 ft.
6 in.
16 ft.
9 in.
6 ft.
8 in.
10 ft.
8 ft.
6 in.
9 ft.
9 in.
10 ft.
9 in.
12 ft.
5 in.
13 ft.
0 in.
15 ft.
0 in.
15 ft.
1Y2 or 2
12 ft.
7 ft.
8 in.
8 ft.
11 in.
9 ft.
8 in.
11 ft.
4 in.
11 ft.
8 in.
13 ft.
8 in.
Douglas Fir
8 in.
14 ft.
6 ft.
9 in.
8 ft.
3 in.
8 ft.
6 in.
10 ft.
6 in.
10 ft.
4 in.
12 ft.
8 in.
Western Larch
Coast
6 in.
16 ft.
6 ft.
0 in.
7 ft.
7 in.
7 ft.
8 in.
9 ft.
8 in.
9 ft.
3 in.
11 ft.
8 in.
Pacific
Hemlock
6 in.
8 ft.
12 ft.
6 in.
14 ft.
6 in.
15 ft.
11 in.
18 ft.
4 in.
19 ft.
3 in.
22 ft.
2 in.
10 ft.
4 in.
10 ft.
11 ft.
3 in.
12 ft.
11 in.
14 ft.
2 in.
16 ft.
5 in.
17 ft.
2 in.
19 ft.
10 in.
6 in.
1
12 ft.
10 ft.
3 in.
11 ft.
10 in.
13 ft.
0 in.
15 ft.
0 in.
15 ft.
8 in.
18 ft
1 in.
9 in.
11 ft.
14 ft.
9 ft.
6 in.
10 ft.
11 in.
12 ft.
0 in.
13 ft.
10 in.
14 ft.
6 in.
16 ft.
9 in.
7 in.
9 ft.
16 ft.
8 ft.
10 in.
10 ft.
3 in.
11 ft.
3 in.
13 ft.
0 in.
13 ft.
7 in.
15 ft.
8 in.
10 in.
8 ft.
8 ft.
7 ft.
11 in.
9 ft.
4 in.
10 ft.
0 in.
11 ft.
10 in.
12 ft.
1 in.
14 ft.
4 in_
2 in.
7 ft.
10 ft.
6 ft.
7 in.
8 ft.
4 in.
8 ft.
4 in.
10 ft.
6 in.
10 ft.
0 in.
12 ft.
9 in.
4 in.
1Y2 or 2
12 ft.
5 ft.
8 in.
7 ft.
2 in.
7 ft.
2 in.
9 ft.
0 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
10 ft.
11 in.
10 in.
14 ft.
14 ft.
5 ft.
0 in.
6 ft.
3 in.
6 ft.
4 in.
8 ft.
0 in.
7 ft.
9 in.
9 ft.
8 in.
Pacific Coast
Yellow Cedar
13 ft.
16 ft.
4 ft.
7 in.
5 ft.
8 in.
5 ft.
9 in.
7 ft.
2 in.
7 ft.
0 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
Eastern Larch
12 ft.
8 ft.
10 ft.
8 in.
12 ft.
4 in.
13 ft.
6 in.
15 ft.
8 in.
16 ft.
5 in.
18 ft.
11 in.
jack Pine
11 ft.
10 ft
9 ft.
7 in.
11 ft.
0 in.
12 ft.
1 in.
14 ft.
0 in.
14 ft.
8 in.
16 ft.
11 in.
1
12 ft.
8 ft.
9 in.
10 ft.
1 in.
11 ft.
I in.
12 ft.
9 in.
13 ft.
5 in.
15 ft.
5 in.
14 ft.
7 ft.
11 in.
9 ft.
4 in.
10 ft.
0 in.
11 ft.
10 in.
12 ft.
1 in_
14 ft.
4 in.
16 ft.
7 ft.
0 in. ,
8 ft.
9 in.
8 ft.
11 in.
11 ft.
1 in.
10 ft.
9 in.
13 ft.
5 in.
NOTES TO TABLE V11A
(1) This table provides maximum allowable spans for main beams or girders which
are built up from nominal 2 inch members in the species, sizes, and grades
indicated. Allowable spans for solid wood beams, blued- laminated wood
beams, or built -up beams in sizes or grades other than shown, shall be
determined from standard engineering formulae.
(2) Supported joist length means 2 the sum of the joist spans on both sides of
the beam.
(3) For supported joist lengths intermediate between those showin in the tables,
straight line interpolation may be used in determining the maximum beam span.
(4) The 2 inch members shall be laid on edge and fastened together with a double
row of common nails not less than 32 in. in length. Nails shall be spaced
not more than 18 inches apart in each row with the end nails placed 4 inches
to 6 inches from the end of each piece.
(5) Where built -up wood beams are employed over a single span, the length of each
individual piece used to fabricate the beam shall equal the length of the beam.
(6) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Residential Standards,
Canada, 1965.
8 ft.
7 ft.
6 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
9 ft.
6 in.
11 ft.
0 in.
11 ft.
6 in.
13 ft.
4 in.
Fir (Amabilis
10 ft.
6 ft.
3 in.
7 ft.
9 in.
7 ft.
11 in.
9 ft.
10 in.
9 ft.
7 in.
11 ft.
11 in.
and Grandis)
IM or 2
12 ft.
5 ft.
5 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
8 ft.
4 in.
10 ft.
5 in.
Balsam Fir
14 ft.
4 ft.
10 in.
6 ft.
0 in.
6 ft.
1 in.
7 ft.
Sin.
7 ft.
5 in.
9 ft.
3 in.
Eastern Hemlock
Pine (Lodgepole
16 ft.
4 ft.
4 in.
5 ft.
5 in.
5 ft.
6 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
6 ft.
8 in.
8 ft.
4 in.
and Ponderosa)
8 ft.
9 ft.
11 in.
11 ft.
6 in.
12 ft.
7 in.
14 ft.
7 in.
15 ft.
3 in.
17 ft.
7 in.
Spruce
10 ft.
8 ft.
11 in.
10 ft.
3 in.
11 ft.
3 in.
13 ft.
0 in.
13 ft.
8 in.
15 ft.
9 in.
(all species)
1
12 ft.
8 ft.
1 in.
9 ft.
5 in.
10 ft.
3 in.
11 ft.
11 in.
12 ft.
6 in.
14 ft.
5 in.
14 ft.
7 ft.
6 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
9 ft..
6 in.
11 ft.
0 in.
11 ft.
6 in.
13 ft.
4 in.
16 ft.
6 ft.
9 in.
8 ft.
1 in.
8 ft.
6 in.
10 ft.
3 in.
10 ft.
4 in.
12 ft.
6 in.
8 ft.
6 ft.
4 in.
7 ft.
4 in.
8 ft.
6 in.
9 ft. 10 in.
10 ft.
6 in.
12 ft.
6 in.
Western Red
10 ft.
5 ft.
8 in.
6 ft.
7 in.
7 ft.
3 in.
8 ft.
9 in.
8 ft.
9 in.
11 ft.
0 in.
Cedar
IM or 2
12 ft.
5 ft.
0 in.
6 ft.
0 in.
6 ft.
3 in.
7 ft.
10 in.
7 ft.
7 in.
9 ft.
6 in.
Red Pine
14 ft.
4 ft.
5 in.
5 ft.
6 in.
5 ft.
7 in.
7 ft.
0 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
8 ft.
5 in.
Pine (Eastern and
Western White)
16 ft.
4 ft.
0 in.
4 ft.
11 in.
5 ft.
1 in.
6 ft.
3 in.
6 ft.
2 in.
7 ft.
7 in.
Poplar (Aspen,
8 ft.
8 ft.
5 in.
9 ft.
8 in.
11 ft.
3 in.
13 ft.
0 in.
14 ft.
4 in.
16 ft.
7 in.
Largetooth
10 ft.
7 ft.
6 in.
8 ft.
8 in.
10 ft.
1 in.
11 ft.
8 in.
12 ft.
10 in.
14 ft.
10 in.
Aspen, and
1
12 ft.
6 ft.
10 in.
7 ft.
11 in.
9 ft.
2 in.
10 ft.
7 in.
13 ft.
9 in.
13 ft.
6 in.
Balsam Poplar)
14 ft.
6 ft.
4 in.
7 ft.
4 in.
8 ft.
6 in.
9 ft.
10 in.
10 ft.
6 in.
12 ft.
6 in.
16 ft.
S. ft.
11 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
7 ft.
9 in.
9 ft.
2 in.
9 ft.
5 in.
11 ft.
9 in.
NOTES TO TABLE V11A
(1) This table provides maximum allowable spans for main beams or girders which
are built up from nominal 2 inch members in the species, sizes, and grades
indicated. Allowable spans for solid wood beams, blued- laminated wood
beams, or built -up beams in sizes or grades other than shown, shall be
determined from standard engineering formulae.
(2) Supported joist length means 2 the sum of the joist spans on both sides of
the beam.
(3) For supported joist lengths intermediate between those showin in the tables,
straight line interpolation may be used in determining the maximum beam span.
(4) The 2 inch members shall be laid on edge and fastened together with a double
row of common nails not less than 32 in. in length. Nails shall be spaced
not more than 18 inches apart in each row with the end nails placed 4 inches
to 6 inches from the end of each piece.
(5) Where built -up wood beams are employed over a single span, the length of each
individual piece used to fabricate the beam shall equal the length of the beam.
(6) Allowable spans for other grades of lumber may be found in Residential Standards,
Canada, 1965.
- 56 -
TATIT 17 NTl l l A
MAXIMUM SPANS FOR LATERALLY SUPPORTED STEEL BEA..MS IN BASEMENTS, CELLARS
AND CRAWL SPACES (1) (3) (4) OF HOUSES
NOTES TO TABLE V111A
(1) A beam may be considered to be laterally supported if wood joists bear
on its top flange at intervals of 24 in. or less over its entire length
and if all the load being applied to this beam is transmitted through
the joists, and if 1 in. x 2 in. wood strips in contact with the top
flange are nailed on both sides of the beam to the bottom of the joists
supported. Other additional methods of positive lateral support are
acceptable.
�2) Supported joist length means i the sum of the joist spans on both sides
of the beam.
(3) for supported joist lengths intermediate between those shown in the
tables, straight line interpolation may be used in determining the
maximum beam span.
C4) inis table provides maximum spans for main steel beams or girders, of
the sizes and weights indicated. Allowable spans for steel beams in
sizes, weights or shapes other than shown, shall be determined from
standard engineering formulae.
APPENDIX B - NAILING AND STAPLING TABLES
Table 1B - Nailing Table
Minimum
Minimum Number or
Construction Detail Length of Maximum
Nails (in.) Spacing of Nails
Floor joist to plate — toe nail
3 Y4
2
Width (2) of Floor to be Supported
No. of
Minimum
Minimum
8 ft.
10 ft.
12 ft.
14 ft.
16 ft.
Storeys
Depth
Weight/Foot
Floor joist to stud (balloon construction)
4 in.
7.7 lb.
10
9
8.5
8
7.5
2 each end
5 in.
10.Olb.
12.5
11.5
11
10.5
10
1
6 in.
12.5 lb.
15
14
13
12.5
12
or end nail
7 in.
15.3 lb.
18
17
16
15
14.5
8 in.
18.4 lb.
21
19.5
18.5
17.5
16.5
4 in.
7.7 lb.
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
subflooring
5 in.
10.0 lb-
10.5
9.5
8.5
8
7.5
1Y2 or 2
6 in.
12.Slb-
12.5
11.5
10.5
9.5
9
3Y4
7 in.
15.3 lb.
15
14
13
12
11
Rafter to joist (with ridge unsupported)
8 in.
IS.4lb.
17.5
16
15
14
13
NOTES TO TABLE V111A
(1) A beam may be considered to be laterally supported if wood joists bear
on its top flange at intervals of 24 in. or less over its entire length
and if all the load being applied to this beam is transmitted through
the joists, and if 1 in. x 2 in. wood strips in contact with the top
flange are nailed on both sides of the beam to the bottom of the joists
supported. Other additional methods of positive lateral support are
acceptable.
�2) Supported joist length means i the sum of the joist spans on both sides
of the beam.
(3) for supported joist lengths intermediate between those shown in the
tables, straight line interpolation may be used in determining the
maximum beam span.
C4) inis table provides maximum spans for main steel beams or girders, of
the sizes and weights indicated. Allowable spans for steel beams in
sizes, weights or shapes other than shown, shall be determined from
standard engineering formulae.
APPENDIX B - NAILING AND STAPLING TABLES
Table 1B - Nailing Table
Minimum
Minimum Number or
Construction Detail Length of Maximum
Nails (in.) Spacing of Nails
Floor joist to plate — toe nail
3 Y4
2
Wood or metal strapping to underside
of floor joists
2Y4
2
Cross bridging to joists
2Y4
2 each end
Doubled header or trimmer joists
3%
12 in. o.c.
Floor joist to stud (balloon construction)
3Y4
2
Ledger strip to wood beam
3Y4
2 per joist
Joist splice to joist
3Y4
2 each end
Tail joist to adjacent header joist
3%
5
(end nailed) around openings
4
3
Each header joist to adjacent trimmer joist
3%
5
(end nailed) around openings
4
3
Stud to wall plate (each end) toe nail
2Y2
4
or end nail
3%
2
Double studs at openings, or studs at
partition or wall intersections and
corners
3%
30 in. o.c.
Doubled top wall plates
3%
24 in. o.c.
Bottom wall plate or sole plate to joists
or blocking (exterior walls)
3%
16 in. o.c.
Interior partitions to framing or
subflooring
3%
24 in. o.c.
Horizontal member over openings in non
load bearing partitions — each end
3Y4
2
Ceiling joist to plate — toe nail, each end
3Y4
2
Roof rafter or roof joist to plate —
toe nail
3Y4
3
Rafter plate to.each ceiling joist
4
2
Rafter to joist (with ridge supported)
3%
3
Rafter to joist (with ridge unsupported)
See note 1 to Table
Gusset plate to each rafter at peak
2Y4
4
- 57 -
TABLE 1B - (Continued)
NOTES TO TABLE 1B
(1) Where the ridge is unsupported, the rafters shall be nailed to the joists
with not less than 34 in. nails in the amount specified in Table 11B. In
such cases the ceiling joists shall also be fastened together with not
less than 34 in. nails. Each such splice shall have at least one nail
more than is required for the rafter to joist connection.
(2) Annular grooved nails.
(3) May be reduced by 4 in. if annular grooved.
TABLE 11B
Rafter tied to Every Joist
Rafter tied to Joist Every 4 Ft.
Minimum
House Width
Minimum
Number or
Construction Detail
Length of
Maximum
up to 26 ft.
Nails (in.)
Spacing of Nails
Rafter to ridge board — toe nail
2%
4
—end nail
3Y4
3
Collar tie to rafter —each end
3Y4
3
Collar tie lateral support to each collar tie
2Y4
2
Roof strut to rafter
3Y,
3
Roof strut to bearing partition — toe nail
3 Y,
2
2 by 6 or less plank decking to support
3Y4
2
Plank decking wider than 2 by 6
or
less
to support
3%
3
2 -in. edge laid plank decking to support
or
less
(toe nail)
3
1
2 -in. edge laid plank to each other
3
18 in. o.c.
X -in. plywood to supports
Im
5
4
% -in. plywood wall sheathing to supports
1%
9
6 in. o.c.
—
—
—
along edges and
%-in. plywood roof sheathing to supports
21x1
5
12 in. o.c. along
8
7 -
9
intermediate
-in. plywood to supports
20)
—
supports
34-in. plywood to supports
2(3)
5/12
16 in.
Ys-in. plywood to supports
2(3)
4
4
%-in. plywood to supports
2(3)
6
8
Gypsum board. (2) fiberboard (2) and
8
—
—
particle board wall sheathing to supports
1?�
J
5
1 by 6 or less subfloors
2
2
1 by 8 lumber subfloors
2
3
1 by 8 or less lumber roof sheathing
2
2
Lumber roof sheathing wider than 8 -in.
2
3
1 by 8 or less lumber wall sheathing
2
2
Lumber wall sheathing wider than 8-in.
2
3
NOTES TO TABLE 1B
(1) Where the ridge is unsupported, the rafters shall be nailed to the joists
with not less than 34 in. nails in the amount specified in Table 11B. In
such cases the ceiling joists shall also be fastened together with not
less than 34 in. nails. Each such splice shall have at least one nail
more than is required for the rafter to joist connection.
(2) Annular grooved nails.
(3) May be reduced by 4 in. if annular grooved.
TABLE 11B
Rafter tied to Every Joist
Rafter tied to Joist Every 4 Ft.
House Width
I House Width
House Width
I House Width
up to 26 ft.
up to 32 ft.
up to 26 ft.
up to 32 ft.
Roof
Rafter
Roof Snow Load (lb. /sq. ft.)
Slope
Spacing
20 psf
30 psf
40 psf
20 psf
30 psf
40 psf
20 psf.
30 psf
40 psf
20 psf
30 psf
40 psf
(C to C)
or
less
or
more
or
less
or
more
or
less
or
more
or
less
or
more
4/12
16 in.
3
4
5
4
5
7
9
—
—
—
—
—
24 in.
5
7
8
7 -
9
11
9
—
—
—
—
—
5/12
16 in.
3
3
4
4
5
6
6
8
10
8
—
—
24 in.
4
5
7
6
7
9
6
8
10
—
—
—
6/12
16 in.
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
7
8
7
9
11
24 in.
3
4
5
4
5
7
5
7
8
7
9
11
7/12
16 in.
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
7
6
7
9
24 in.
3
3
4
4
5
6
4
5
7
6
7
9
9/12
16 in.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
4
5
6
24 in.
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
5
4
5
6
16 in.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
12/12
24 in.
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
TABLE 111B - STAPLING TABLE
(A) % in. T & G Hardwood Flooring
18 gauge, 1% in. long, X in. crown.
(B) Asphalt Shingles to Wood Decks —
16 gauge, % in. long, X in. crown.
Corrosion resistant.
M more staples than the number of nails required.
16 gauge, % in. long, 1 in. crown.
Corrosion resistant.
Equivalent to number of nails required.
(C) Cedar 6Sg Shingles too in. to Decks —
in. crown.
Corrosion resistant.
(D) Gypsum Plaster Lath, % in. thick —
16 gauge, 1 in. long, % in. crown.
Gypsum Plaster Lath, Y2 in. thick —
16 gauge, 1Ys in. long, % in. crown.
(E) % in. and % in. Plywood Wall Sheathing -
16 gauge, 1y� in. long, %1n. crown.
(F) % in. Plywood Roof Sheathing -
16 gauge, 1/1,� in. long, % in. crown.
(G) 3j in. and Y� in. Fibreboard Wall Sheathing -
16 gauge, 1% in. long, % in. crown.
(H) % in. Plywood, % in. and Y4 in. Hardboard Underlayment —
18 gauge, % in. long, % in. to % in. crown.
in. Plywood Underlayment —
18 gauge, 1Y8 in. long, % in. crown.
(I) Metal Plaster Lath —
14 gauge, 1Y2 in. long, % in. crown.
(J) Lumber or Plywood Subflooring and Sheathing —'/ in. to 3/4 in. thick.
16 gauge, 2 in. long, 3/8 in. crown driven parallel to floor joists.
REFERENCES TO THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF CANADA
(1965)
NBC
REFERENCE
SECTION
l:
ADMINISTRATION
Part 1
SECTION
2:
DEFINITIONS
Part 2
SECTION
3:
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MEASURES
Part 8
SECTION
4:
PLANNING
Sections
3.6
& 4.1
SECTION
5:
MEANS OF EGRESS
Section
3.4
SECTION
6:
FIRE PROTECTION
Section
3.2
SECTION
7:
FOU14DATIONS
Section
4.2
SECTION
8:
BASEMENT, CELLAR AND CRAWL SPACE COLUMNS
Sections
4.4,
4.5,4.61
and 4.3
SECTION
9:
DAMPPROOFING AND WATERPROOFING
Supp. #5
SECTION
10:
FLASHING
Section
4.7
& Supp.
#5
SECTION
11:
THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOUR BARRIERS
Section
4.7
& Supp.
#5
SECTION
12:
STAIRS, HANDRAILS AND GUARDS
Section
3.4
SECTION
13:
CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS
Section
4.5
& Supp.
#5
SECTION
14:
MASONRY WALLS ABOVE GRADE
Section
4.4
& Supp.
#5
SECTION
15:
CONVENTIONAL WOOD FRAMING
Supp. #5
SECTION
16:
POST, BEAM AND PLANK CONSTRUCTION
Section
4.3
& Supp.
#5
SECTION
17:
PLANK FRAME WALLS
Supp. #5
SECTION
18:
HEAVY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION
Section
4.3
& Supp.
#5
SECTION
19:
ROOFING
Section
4.7
& Supp.
#5
SECTION
20:
SIDING
Section
4.7
& Supp.
#5
Entm
REFERENCES TO THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF CANADA (1965) (Cont'd)
NBC
REFERENCE
SECTION
21:
INTERIOR FINISHES
Section 3.6 &
Supp.
#5
SECTION
22:
HEATING
Section 7.3 &
Supp.
#5
SECTION
23:
PLUMBING
Part 7
SECTION
24:
ELECTRICAL SERVICES
Section 6.5 &
Supp.
#5
SECTION
25:
MATERIALS, SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
Part 5 & The
Appendix
r
THIS BY -LAW READ A FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD TIME AND FINALLY PASSED THIS DAY
OF Lek; 1970.
° r,ayor
11
60 _
SCHEDULE "All
Schedule "A" to this by -law is the National Building Code of Canada, 1965.
SCHEDULE "B"
Fees For Building Permits
No permit or fee where the estimated cost of the work is not more than One
Hundred ($100.00).
For a permit where the estimated cost of the work is more than One Hundred ($100.00)
but not more than Five Hundred ($500.00), the fee shall be One Dollar.
For a permit where the estimated cost of the work is more than Five Hundred ($500.00)
but not more than One Thousand ($1,000.00) the fee shall be Two Dollars.
For a permit where the estimated cost of the work is more than One Thousand ($1,000.00)
but not more than Ten Thousand ($10,000.00), the fee shall be Two Dollars and Fifty
Cents ($2.50) for each One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) plus Three Dollars ($3.00)
for each permit.
For a permit where the estimated cost of the work is more than Ten Thousand ($10,000.00)
but not more than Fifty Thousand ($50,000.00) the fees shall be Seventy -Five Cents
(.75(,,) for each One Thousand ($1,000.00) plus Three Dollars ($3.00) for each permit.
For a permit where the estimated cost of the work is more than One Hundred And One
Thousand ($101,000.00) and more the fee shall be Thirty Cents (.30(,') for each One
Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00) plus Three Dollars ($3.00) for each permit.
For a permit where the estimated cost of the work is more than Fifty -One Thousand
($51,000.00) but not more than One Hundred Thousand ($100,000.00) the fee shall be
Forty Cents (.40(,,) for each One Thousand ($1,000.00) plus ($3.00) for each permit.
By- Laws) Repealed By By -Law No. 70 -36
By -Law No. 1714 passed on March 2nd, 1959.