HomeMy WebLinkAbout1351A By-law to regulate the erection and provide for the safety of buildings and structures.
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B U I L D I N G B Y- L A W
NUMBER /3d'/
A BY-LAW TO REGULATE THE ERECTION AND TO PROVIDE FOR THE SAFETY OF
BUILDINGS.
WHEREAS it is expedient and necessary to regulate the erection, alter-
ation, enlargement,. repair and removal, and generally to provide for the
safety and fire protection of buildings and health and sanitation in
dwellings in the Township of Clarke;
BE IT THEREFORE ENACTED by the Council of the Corporation of the Township
of larks as follows;
SECTION 1
DEFINITIONS
"ALCOVE" means that portion in the room, the walls, floor and ceiling of
which form a recess thereto, and access to which is either unobstructed,
or through an arched opening in a wall.
"ASHLAR" means masonry units of stone or cast stone, laid on level beds,
such units being of substantially rectangular shape.
"BASEMENT" means that storey of a dwelling the floor of which is below
grad-`ell ne, but which has a greater height from grade line to ceiling
than from grade line to floor: Provided, that the height from grade
line to ceiling does not exceed 6 feet.
"BUILDING°' ACCESSORY" means a subordinate detached building, appurtenant
to a main wilding and located on the same lot, the purpose of which is
to provide better and more convenient enjoyment of the main building; and
shall include private garages and private stables.
"CELLAR" means that storey of a building which is partly or wholly under-
groun and which has more than half its height, from floor to ceiling,
below the mean level of the adjoining ground.
"CORBEL" means a horizontal projection on the face of a wall formed by
one or more courses of masonry each pro~eeting over the course below.
"LOT" means the minimum area of land used, or intended to be used as the
she of or appurtenant to any building, as described in the application
for a building permit, whether such land is shown on a registered plan of
a subdivision or described by metes and bounds.
"PARTITION" means an interior wall not more than one storey in height.
"PLUMBING Sv'STEM" means, severally and individually: the water distri-
bution system: all fixtures and fixture traps, the drainage system; the
house sewer; any private sewage disposal system; all leaders, together
with all their devices, appurtenances and connections.
"ROOP,7 HABITABLE" means any room, other than a business or work room, that
is suitable for use by one or more persons for living, sleeping, eating,
or food preparation.
"STOREY" means that portion of any building which is situated between the
tom any floor and the top of the floor next above it; if there be no
floor above it, that portion between the top of such floc r and the
ceiling above it.
"STOREY., FIRST" means the storey closest to grade (or first above a base-
ment having its ceiling more than six feet above grade.
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•Building B~r~Law - Pale 2
"WALL BEARING" means a wall that supports any load other than its own
we ght.
"WALL NON BEARING" means a wall that supports no load other than its own
weig t.
"WALL, COM~;70N" means a separation wall between two units used, or intended
to be used jointly by adjoining units.
"WALL FACED" means a w all in which the masonry facing and backing units
are d. Pi- ferent but which are so bonded that they exert a common reaction
under load.
"'HALL PARTY" means a wall forming the structural division between and
esigned for the point use of, two units, and located on a line, which
in the event of separate ownership, would be the property line.
"WALL VENEERED" means a wall having a facing of masonry material, glass,
porce'ain, enamel, metal, or other similar materials attached, but not
bonded, to the backing for the purpose of providing ornamentation or
protection, but not computed in the required thickness of the wall.
SECTION
ADMINISTRATION
1. SI70RT TITLE
This By-Law may be cited as the "Building By-Law" and is hereinafter
referred to as "this code".
Wherever applicable, the provisions of this code shall apply to all
buildings anal the term "buildings" shall include other structures.
Where in this code such terms as "proper", "adequate", "sufficient",
"ample", "suitable", "substantial", "necessary", "dangerous", and the
like, or derivatives thereof are used., they shall be understood to mean
proper, adequate, and so forth, to the satisfaction, or in the opinion
of the Building Inspector and such terms as "where practicable", "where
required", "as far as possible".shall have a like significance.
2. STAA7DARD SPECIFIC.t~TIONS AND RTGt77:~ATIONS
All standard specifications and regu=l8~tions adopted, wholly or in part,
in this code, are hereby declared to be a part of this code and all
buildings, additions or alterations hereafter constructed or made shall
conform to the provisions of this code or National Building Code.
Wherever dated specifications or regulations are cited, subsequent
editions may be used subject to permission from the Building Inspector.
3. TESTS
The cost of any test that may be required by this code or the National
Building Code, or by the Building Inspector, shall be paid for by
the person wishing to use the material, device or construction in question.
4 . NATIONAL BLTTLDING CODE
This code is based on the National Building Code prepared by the National
Research Council, Ottawa, and applies specifically to one or two family
dwellings and their accessory buildings. For other types of buildings,
and for construction not specifically contained herein, the provisions
of the National Building Code shall be complied. with, in so Par as they
are applicable.
5. CONSTRUCTION NOT WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THIS CODE
Materials and methods of construction not covered by this code, but
falling within any of the classifications established in the National
Building Code, shall comply with the appropriate regulations therein.
. Building By-Law - Page 3
Materials or methods of construction which are not specifically regulated
by the provisions of this code or of the National Building Code shall be
permitted only at the discretion of the Authority having Jurisdiction.
Every building, other than one or two ~axjy dwellings, estimated value
of Five Thousand Dollars 05,000.00)' or more, shall have plans approved
by and signed by a professional registered Architect, or Engineer. This
provision shall not apply to farm accessory buildings when erected at
least thirty feet (30T) from the property line.
6. BUILDING INSPECTOR
The provisions oP this eo de shall be enforced by the Building Inspector,
or his assistants, appointed by the Municipal Council of the Corporation
of the Township of Clarke.
7. RECORDS
The Building Inspector shall keep proper records of all applications
received, permits and orders issued, inspections and tests made, reports
received and made, and retain copies of all papers and documents
connected with the administration of his duties. All completed records
shall be filed in the Township Office.
8. IIvTS~'ECTION
The Building Inspector, or his authorized representative, may at all
reasonable hours enter into or upon any building or premises for the
purpose of ascertaining whether or not the provisions of this code are
being complied with.
9. EXITING BUILDINGS
Nothing in this code shall require the removal, alteration or abandon-
ment of, nor prevent continuance of the use or occupancy of an existing
building unless, in the opinion of the authority having ~urisdietion
such building constitutes a hazard to safety of persons or property.
SECTION 3
LOT AREAS AND SPACE RE~,UIRFMENTS.
1. The dwelling and accessory buildings thereto shall not be built
on any lot closer than thirty (30) feet from the street or road allowance
line, except in built up areas where adjacent buildings do not comply with
this requirement, when this requirement may be dispensed with and new
buildings planed in line with the established and existing building line.
1~here County or Department of Highways regulations are more stringent, such
regulations shall apply..
2. The minimum lot frontage shall be fifty (50) feet along a municipal
road or street and the total area of the lot shall be not less than the
following;
(a) 15,000 sq. ft. where both well and septic tank are required.
(b) '],500 sq. ft. where either municipal water or sewer can be
provided.
(c) 4,000 sq. ft. where both municipal water and sewer are provided.
3. Aside yard shall be provided on each side of a main building
with a minimum width of four (4) feet on each side plus two (2)
feet on each side for each additional story above the first.
4. Accessory buildings, including garages, shall not be constructed
so as to unduly obstruct the view from buildings built on ad~aeent lots.
5. No accessory building shall be located within three (3) feet of
the building to which it is accessory, or within six (6) feet of any
required window lighting a habitable room, nor exceed one storey in
height or fifteen (15) feet above ground level..
' Building By-Law - Page 4
No single family one story dwelling shall have a living space
ground floor area of less than seven hundred and twenty (']20) sq. ft.
and no story and a half, or two story building, shall have a living space
floor area of less than eleven hundred (1100) sq. ft. and each family
unit in any multi-unit dwelling shall have not less than seven hundred
and twenty (']20) sq. ft. of floor space per family unit.
7. OBT~?OXIOUS USES - Nothing in this by-law shall be construed to
permit the erection or alteration of a building or structure for any
purpose -
(a) That created., or is likely to become, a nuisance or offensive.
1. By the creation of noise or vibration (or)
2. By reason of the emission of gas, fumes, dust or
objectionable odours (or)
3. By reason of the unsightly storage of goods, wares,
merchandi se, salvage, refuse matter or other such
material.
SECTION 4
GEr?FRAL BUILDITvTG RE ~,UIR'~11RENTS
ExCAV 4TI0 TTS
T (1} Excavation for all foundations shall be extended to solid ground
and to a point sufficiently below finish grade to avoid damage
by frost, at least three and one half (32) feet, below finished
fill.
(2) No foundation footing shall be placed on filled ground unless
it is specially designed and approved.
(3) The top soil and all vegetable matter in unexeavated areas shall
be removed and the ground level shall be at least eighteen
inches (18") below the bottom of joist or beams.
(4) Unexcavated areas shall be vented through foundation walls with
at least two vents, one each side in opposing side walls of
one foot each in size for each 500 feet of unexcavated area.
(5) In all excavations where accumulation of water is likely to
occur, foundations and basements shall be kept dry by placing a
continuous row of field ti le in a bed of gravel or cinders around
the outside of walls at a level of the footings and below the base-
ment floor level. All drains shall be connected to a main drain
or other waste water disposal system or sump pump.
(6) TNater in Excavations; Excavations shall be kept clear of water
at all times.
FOUT D.ATI ONS
II (1) Continuous Foundation Wall
A 1 well ngs sha have a continuous foundation wall suprorting
the main outside wall of the structure, and such. foundation wall
shall be placed on adequate footings in accordance with the
requirements of the National Building Code.
(2) Foundation walls are required to be waterproofed by applying
a coating of coal tar pitch or asphalt or other waterproof material
to the outside of walls to grade level.
t3} All concrete block foundation walls enclosing excavated areas must
be waterproofed, the walls shall be parged with cement mortar before
applying the waterproofing. All block walls which are filled with
earth both sides shall be made solid to the height of the finished
grade or fill.
(4} All footings shall bear on undisturbed soil and shall be of
concrete mixed to at least 2,000 lb. strength, and shall be at
least 6 inches thick and project at least 4 inches beyond the
face of wall above on each side.
Buildi~ By-Law - Page 5
(5) No exterior concrete or b~.ock wall shall be less than 8" thick for
one storey. (See National Building Code, for other widths.)
No masonry foundation wall shall be less than 16 inches thick.
All block walls shall be laid up with full width mortar joints on all ,
webbs. Block walls in excess of 31 ft. in length shall be
supported by pilasters or wing walls.
(6) D_amP Proofin Masonr Above Grade
A~1 unit masonry wal s excepting cavity walls bonded with metal
ties shall be treated at the interior faces to arrest moisture
travel beyond these faces:
(a) Nailing strips 3/8" by 14" located no more than 18" on
centres or approved mechanical devices to receive
furring strips shall be built into masonry walls described
in the preceding paragraph. The interior of such walls
shall be parged or bank plastered and 15 lb. breathing type
saturated Pelt paper applied. Furring strips ']/8" by
1~" shall then be applied vertically at 16" on centres on
top of felt paper.
(b) In cavity walls bonded only with metal ties, and in
walls of solid masonry 12" or more thick, the requirements
of subsection (a) preceding shall. apply, except saturated
felt may be omitted.
Damp-proof courses shall be installed in all masonry walls to
bar passage of moisture from one part of the structure to another
as follows;
(a) A damp-proof course shall be installed immediately under
the first floor joists or sill to prevent the capillary rise
of moisture.
(b) tiYhen brick masonry or other jointed window sills are
employed, a damp-proof course shall be provided under
the full length of such sills.
(~) l~hen foundation walls are carrying floor joists and are of block,
the top course shall be made of semi-solid blocks, or made solid
by filling with concrete.
(8) Mortar for cement block or masonry walls shall be of not less than
two parts cement, 150 lime to six parts of clean sand.
(9) In no case shall the foundation wall thickness be less than that
of the wall above.
(10) In no case shall brick or block columns have a dimension of less
than 12 x 12 inches square or 16 x 10 inches or equal.
(11) All masonry chimneys shall have foundations of masonry or concrete
which shall extend down to the level of the foundation wall footing
at least, and shall be constructed with the foundation footings,
and shall be at least eight inches in depth.
(12) Concrete shall be placed in forms erected true to line and well
braced against deflection under load, and forms shall not be
removed until concrete has thoroughly set.
(13) The ingredients of concrete shall not consist of more than six parts
of clean gravel and sand to one part of cement. All materials shall
be clean and free from loam or other foreign matter.
(14) In foundation walls, or thick masses of concrete, the use of stone
plumbs or fillers may be made, if of sound material and reasonable
quantities are used that will not weaken the concrete.
" Bui ldi ng By-Law - Page 6
III' BASEr~TT FLOORS
' '~iBasement Moors shall be of not less than 3 inches of concrete
and trowelled smooth, made of at least 1 to 5 material of clean
sand and stone or clean pit-run gravel, and sand.
(2) Before pouring the eondrete the ground shall be levelled and
covered with at least four inches of gravel or cinders, after
sufficient drains have been laid.
(3) Basement floors are to be drained., the floors shall be properly
sloped to drain outlet, the drain shall be provided with a
trapped floor outlet and grating or strainer set flush with
floor.
IV OUTSIDE WALLS
All exterior or division walls of buildings hereafter erected
shall be of sufficient thickness to support the load to be
carried, but in no case shall a brick, concrete or hollow block
wall be less than eight inches thick.
(2) Face brick shall be all new, of good shape and condition. The
use of old brick from old chimneys coated with soot or creosote
is to be avoided. Backing brick may be of used good stock brick
if they are hard burnt and Olean. Concrete, cinder or other
approved blocks, properly bonded to the face brick in each second
course of blocks may be used, or other approved material.
(3) ?'Phere the backing is constructed of hollow masonry units, solid
masonry of not less than four inches in depth shall be provided
for the bearings of sll foists framing into such walls; or
hollow blocks may be filled solid with concrete; lintels over
openings, shall bear upon solid mascnry material.
V Veneer Exteriors
1 Stone Veneer six inches thick or better, or brick veneer four
inches thick or better outside a wooden frame construction
properly tied, is per mitted, providing the frame is substantially
built of 2 x 4 studding at not more than lb inch centres,
properly braced and strengthened and sheathed on outside with
at least ~ inch lumber and covered with waterproof paper lapped
at least 2 inches at all points.
(2) All sheathing materials shall be free from decay and shall
consist of at least ~ inch lumber, -~ inch fibre board, 5/16th
plywood, or z inch Gypsum sheathing equal or better.
(3) In frame construction of window and door openings, studs shall
be cut to receive the lintel or header over the opening, and
shall extend in one pieve from lintel or header to bearing.
Lintels and headers over all openings shall be doubled and set
on edge and be of sufficient size and thickness and strength to
carry the load imposed on same. s
ALLOWABLE SPANS FOR HEADERS OR LINTELS #
Hea er or upporting Two loors, Supporting one Supporting roof
Lintel ceiling and roof (~~a~) Ploor ceiling & & ceiling only
(feet) roof (feet) (feet) e
F
_
:
- "x4' 2 2 4
2-2" x 6" 4 5 6
2-2"x8" 6 7 8
2-2"x10" ~ 8 10 p
2-2"x12" 9 12
E
(4) All sills and girders on top of foundation walls and piers shall '
be levelled, shimmed up and thoroughly bedded in cement mortar.
(5) All sills and bearing plates for rafters framing into or on
masonry walls shall be propperly secured to masanry with ~" bolts
6" long, at not more than 6~ apart.
(6) Top plates shall be of not less than double 2 x 4fs which shall
lap at corners and intersecting partitions. All other double
plate points shall be broken at least three feet apart. All
such laps shall be securely spiked, and points in top plates
shall occur over studs only.
,Building By-Law - Page 7
(7) Plank Frame may take the place of studding and boarding, but
shall be built of three inch thick plank or two inch plank
covered with 7/8 tongued and grooved lumber with waterproof
paper between, or other approved siding.
(8) All material used in plank or stud framing shall be entirely
free from soft rot, very large knots or shakes, etc., which
would impair its nail holding qualities and strength.
(9) All wood frame construction may be used for outside walls, the
outside covering of wood shall be manufactured from No. 2 and 3
Common ~'Phite pine or better, or equivalent grades oP other suit-
able lumber. Cement, or approved stueeo~on galvanized lath
set on wood Purring may be applied as outside covering to a
building with wood frame construction, or any other approved
make of siding.
(10) Studs in exterior frame walls may be run from sill to roof
plates providing they do not exceed 16 feet in length, second
floor foists supported on exterior frame shall bear on at
least 1 x 4" ribbons let into the edge or face of studs, foists
bearing on ribbons shall be securely nailed to the studs.
VI CHIMNEYS AND FLUES
(1} There shall be a separate flue for each furnace or fireplace in-
stalled; all flues shall be lined with glazed clay tale and
surrounded with not less than 4" of masonry with all horizontal
points broken, minimum flue size shall nvt be less than 7~ x ']~-"
inside diameter, and each flue shall have a cast iron clean-out
door, wherever possible two feet below the smoke inlet.
(2) Height of Chimney
~7asonry chimneys shall extend from the foundation or foundation
wall, as the case may be, to a distance of 3 feet above the
highest point of contact with the roof, or 2 feet above any
-roof, ridge, parapet, or other part of the structure which is
within 10 feet of the chimney.
(3) Flue Lining
Flue lin ni gs shall extend continuously from a point 4 inches
below the smoke pipe inlet, or in the case of a fireplace
from the apex of the smoke chamber, to a distance of not less than
4 inches above the top of the chimney cap.
(4) Clearance of Smoke Pipes
Any pipe which serves a furnace shall be spaced a clear distance
of not less than 9 inches from any combustible construction;
provided that, if such distance be less than 18 inches, added
protection shall be provided in one of the following ways;
(a) Such combustible construction shall be protected by a
metal shield having a width equal to 3 times the diameter,
and extending the full length of the smoke pipe, and
shall be spaced 2 inches clear of the combustible con-
struction.
(b) Such combustible construction shall be covered with ~ of
an inch of plaster on metal lath, or ~ inch of plaster on
perforated gypsum lath.
(c) A;pliances; The smoke pipe which serves any appliance
other than a furnace shall be spaced not less than 9 inches
clear of any combustible construction.
1 ,
•Building By-Law - Page 8
(5) Partitions
Ii~iasonry- par~tions in chimneys shall be oontinuous from base
to cap of chimney and shall be constructed of solid masonry units
bonded into chimney walls at intervals of 1 foot 6 inches or
less.
(6) Wood Trim
ooh d trim shall not be plaoed within 8 inches of the iambs or
, 12 inches of the top or arch of any fireplace opening.
(']) No chimney shall be corbelled to an extent of more than eight
inches from any wall, except that where the corbelling occurs
above the first storey, it shall not project to an extent of
more than four inches on ei ther face, of any wall. No beam,
foist, or other weight shall be built into a chimney.
VII SEPARATION OF DThIELLING UNITS
The walls, floors, or ceilings, which separate two dwelling units,
shall conform to the following provisions;
(a) A party wall shall extend from the footings to the
underside of the roof boarding.
(b) No opening shall be made through such separation.
(e) Such separation shall have a fire-resistive rating
of not less than one hour.
(d) Walls enclosing stairs Prom upper unit of a duplex
shall have a fire-resistive rating of at least one
hour.
VIII ROUGH CARPENTRY
(1) All materials used for rough carpentry work shall be of new
material and no secondhand lumber, removed from other
buildings shall be incorporated into houses, unless approved
first by the Building Inspector.
VPORFflUTANSriIP shall be of good engineering practice, and to
meet the approval of the Building Inspector.
(2) All materials used for foists, rafters, beams and studding for
bearing partitions, shall be structurally sound, free from
soft rot, large knots, shakes, etc., that would impair their
strength.
(3) No foists shall be used in which knots, if over one-fifth of
the depth of the foists, occur in the middle half of the span.
(4) Wood foist sizes and spacing shall be determined from the
floor foist table, as follows. The foists in the principal
floors should be spaced not more than 16" on centres. Joists
shall be bridged with 1-~" x 2" or 1" x 4" diagonal Dross
bridging one row to each span over 7~0" and up to 120", in
width, and two rows in spans over 120". Approved prefabricated
bridging may be used in lieu of wood bridging.
Floors constructed with steel foists, or reinforced concrete
foists, shall be designed by a registered architect or Engineer.
PJIAXIMUM SPANS FOR FLOOR JOISTS
Spruce. Hernloek. or Red Pine
12" o.a. 16" o.a. 20" o.c.
2" x 6" 9 ~~0~ ,~ -8 + ~
2" x 8~ 13~ 4" 12~ 0" 10~ 8"
2" x 10" 16 ~ 8" 14 f 1" 13' 6"
2" x 12" , 20~ 0" 18~ 2" 16- 11"
,Built~ing By-Law - Page 9
Douglas Fir
12" o.c. 16" o.c. 20" o.c.
2" x 6" lOt 6" 9' 6" $t 10"
2" x 8" 14' 0" 12t 8" lIt 10"
2" x 10" 17 t ']" 16' 0" 14' 10"
2" x 12" 2I' S" lqt 5~- 18t On
Floor foists shall be supported for their full depth; on top
of a wood beam; on metal foist hangers hung over the wood beam;
on a ledger board or by approved mechanical connectors. Ledgers
shall 3~e not less than 2" x 4" spiked to the side of the wood
beams with at least 2 nails for each foist supported. Joists
shall not be notched over any support. The end bearing of
wood foists supported on steel beams shall be not less than
3 lineal inches. V~ood oasts set into the side of steel beams
shall project at least "above the top of such steel beams.
Floor foists supported by exterior frame walls shall bear on
1" x 4" ribbons let into the faces of the studs. Joists
bearing on ribbons shall be securely nailed to sides of studs.
(5 ) Ceiling poi st sizes and spacing shall be determined from the
table as follows. In no Oase shall ceiling foist spacing
exceed 20" O.C. If the area (attic space) above the top floor
is usable, the foists shall be as required for floor foists.
A~AXIPJIiTM SPANS FOR CEILING JOISTS
Sp ruces Hemlock or Red Pine
12" o.c. 16" O.C. 20" o.c.
2" x 4" 9 t 5rr $ t 6" 8' O"
2" x 6" 14' 5" 13 t 1" 12 t 1'r
2~~ x $~~ 19 t y" 17 t ~" i6 ~ 4n
Douglas Fir
2rr x 4-~ 9 t lptt 9 t O" 8 t 4"
2n x ~rr- 13t Err 12t 6" llt Err
2" x 6" 15 t 4" 13' 11" 12 t 11"
2rr x ~" 19 t 3n 17 t Err 16 t Orr
2-' x $" 20' S" 18 t 6" 17 t O"
Sizes given are nominal. Standard finished sizes are acceptable.
(6) For sub-flooring and roof covering, all material shall be
reasonably sound and free from soft rot and at least thre~t-
quarters of an inch thick.
(']) Exterior Sheathing - All materials shall be free from decay and
shall consist of at least 3/4" lumber, or 1/2" fibre board,
'J/16" Plywood or 1/2" gypsum sheathing, equal or better.
(8 ) M~.XIIt~?UM SPANS FOR ~POOD BEAMS
All beams shall be designed to support adequately all live and
dead loads resting upon them.
As a general guide, the following schedule Por wood beam sizes
and spans will be applicable in one storey houses only, where
.Building By-Law - Page 10
there are neither habitable rooms nor storage facilites in the
roof space. 49here lighter beams for the same spans or similar
size beams for longer spans than those shown in the schedule are
proposed, the Building Inspector must be satisfied that the
proposed beams will perform their intended function.
If 12 or 2 storey houses are proposed, the beam sizes should be
determined from standard engineering formula.
Supported length of 3oist is ~- length of foists supported by a
beam; i.e., if foists on one side of beam.. are 16f 0" long, and
on the other side they are 12~ 0" long, the supported length is
16f & 12~ 14 ft.
BEAMS - MAXIMUM SPANS
SUPPORTED JOIST
LENGTH
9'
log
11~
12~
13~
14~
15'
6" x 8" 8" x S" 6" x 10n 8" x 10"
Fir Other Fir Other
g,On 6~8n 9,3n 1,9n
~,gn 6,5n g,lln 7,5„
7'S" 6'2" 8'7" 7'2n
~t2rr 5t11" $~4" 6,11"
611" 5,9n 8'1" 6,sn
6,g„ 5,7n ~,lOn 6,6n
6,6n 5,5„ ~,~n 6,4„
Fir Other Fir Other
10'1" 8t5" 11'10" 9'10"
9,9r, g,ln 11,4n 9,5n
9'4" 'j,9n 1011" 9fLn
9'O" 1f6" lOt']" g,9n
8 f 9" 7 t 3" 10' 2" 8 T 6"
8~6" ']tl" 9f10" 8~3"
8t3n 6'lOn 9,~n g,pn
A basement or cellar beam may be replaced by a 2" x 4" stud
partition, Birthed at mid height.
Studs shall be not more than 16" o.c., rest on a single 2" x 4"
sole, and be capped with 2-2" x 4" members, or equal. If
building is more than one storey in height, partition shall be
of 2" x b" material.
(9) The foists on principal floors shall be spaced at 16 inch centres
or less, so as to avoid spring; foists shall be bridged with
1-1/2 x 2 material or better diagonal erosst~idging one row
if over '] Peet and up to 12 feet, and two rows in spans over
12 feet.
(10) Vnhere floor foists frame into the side of wood girders, the
foists shall be supported on metal foist hangers, or on a bearing
strip at least 2 x 3 inches securely nailed to girder below
foist ends.
(11) Floor foists shall be doubled under alI partitions which run
parallel to the floor foists, the double foists shall be separated
and blocked at four foot intervals where piping or duct work
occur. Headers and trimmers shall be doubled if more than four
feet in length. Headers receiving more than 2 tail foists shall
have ends supported with metal foist hangers. Ends of floor foists
framing into masonry walls, shall have not less than Pour inches
bearing and shall have at least 3~ inch fire cut.
(12) Studding in bearing partitions shall be at least 2 x 4 inches
at 16 inch centres. Partitions shall have placed on top and
bottom continuous plates, and headers shall be doubled at all
mayor openings. Top plates on bearing partitions shall be
doubled.
(13) No stud shall be cut more than 1_y3 of its depth to receive
~Bui ldi ng By-Law - Page 11
piping and duct work; if more depth is required, the partition
studs shall be increased in width.
(14) Roof Framing
Do-uT.~le rafters and trimmers shall be used around all dormers
and other large roof openings, and hip and valley members
shall be of a size as required to carry the roof load. Size
of rafters shall be in accordance with the following table;
P.~IAXIMUM SPAN FOR ROOF RAFTERS (SLOPING ROOFS)
NOMINAL
SPECIES SIZE 12" o.e. 16" o.e. 20" o.e.
Douglas Fir 2 x 4 7'11" 7~2" 6rgn
2 x 6 12t 4" 11'2" 10, 5"
2 x 8 16~ 5" 14f11" 1310"
2 x 10 2010" 18'11" 17'6"
Other 2 x 4 7T6" 611" 6'1"
2 x 6 117" 106" 9'S"
2 x 8 157" 1412" 1218"
2 x 10 19f7" 17~I0" 16,0"
Note - The span of the rafter is expressed in terms of the
horizontal projection of the rafter. Rafters shall be
supported by 2 x 4 or lx 5 Dollar ties positioned in middle third of span.
Flat roofs shall be framed as floor foists.
(15) ONE HOUR FIRE RESISTANCE
Construction 1 which conforms to the following provisions
shall be deemed to constitute one-hour fire resistance.
(a) Floor over foists.
ouble dec floors consisting of ~ inch T ~ G, 4 inch
shiplap or 5/8 inch plywood, sub-flooring, and top
floor of not less than inch thickness, with asbestos
paper weighing not less than 14 pounds per 100 square
feet between.
and:
Ceilin s
A p aster ceiling oonsi sting of gypsum plaster ~- inch in
thickness and not leaner than one part Portland Cement and
2 parts aggregate on perforated gypsum lath having all
points covered with expanded metal 3 inches in width.
or:
Portland Cement Plaster, 7/8 of an inch in thickness on
metal lath.
(b) Interior Partitions
nterior part tions constructed of solid unit masonry, or
hollow unit masonry, provided that walls and partitions
constructed of one Dell units shall be plastered, ~ inch in
thickness on both sides.
or:
Stud walls or partitions (wood or metal studs) plastered
on both sides with a combination of any two of the
Following plaster finishes;
(i) Portland Cement or gypsum plaster, 7/8 of an inch in
thickness on metal lath.
(ii)Gypsum plaster, ~ inch in thickness on perforated
gypsum lath.
(iii) Stucco 4 of an inch in thickness on metal lath.
' • Bu i l~di ng By-Law - Page 12
(16 ) INTERIOR FINISH OF UPALLS AND CEILINGS
The finish of interior walls and ceilings shall be lath and
plaster, fibreboard, plasterboard, 7/16 inches in thickness
or better, or 1/4 inch plywood veneer. In the case of fibre-
board or plasterboard the board shall be applied to furrings
or studdings placed not more than 16 inch centres.
(17) INTERIOR PLASTERING
~Phere the interior walls and eeilings~are to be plastered,
all plaster shall be at least two coats work upon wood lath,
fibreboard, or plaster base, and three coats if on metal lath,
and shall measure at least 3/8 inches in thickness from face
to lath. The base or brown coat shall be used to manufae-
turerts specifications.
Metal corner beads are required on all vertical external angles
and desirable on all window and arch soffits.
Metal lath shall be twenty-six gauge metal painted or galva-
nized for inside work.
(18) EXTERIOR PLASTERING
Plaster and stucco shall be either run direct on concrete or
block surface or on 26 gauge or better galvanized expanded or
other metal or wood lath fastened to wood furrings at least
3/4 inches thick at 12 inch centres.
Plaster or stucco shall be composed of a scratch coat 'trade of
one part Portland cement, three parts of sand and sufficient
hydrated lime to make workable mortar, and shall be pressed
into the wall to fill the spade back of metal lath, and be
well scratched. This coat shall be followed by a base coat
of same, and left to set for a few days. The finish coat
applied to this surface which trust be moistened, shall be
made of Portland cement and lime mixture, or of approved brand
of cement stucco rendering, coloured if required, having water
repellant qualities and applied according to the manufaeturerts
specifications.
(19) ROOFING
Sloping roofs shall be covered with shingles and left in
thoroughly watertight condition by the use of one of the follow-
ing materials, or equal or better;
Slate, tile, wood, metal, asphalt, not less than 180 lb. to the
square, in colours as desired, laid to manufacturerts specifi-
cations with ridges and valleys of 26 gauge galvanized iron
or equal.
Flat roofs are required to be covered with a 4-ply coal tar,
not more than 3" rise in 12 inches run, saturated Pelt roof
laid on dry felt, properly secured to roof and covered with
coal-tar pitch and gravel, laid to specification of a 10 year
guaranteed roof, or any material equal or better.
SECTION 5
SUiMMER COTTAGES
Cottages which are intended for occupancy for a period not exceeding
five months in the year must comply with the requirements of this
code, but with the following exceptions;
1. The interior need not be completed, nor insulated, but
all framing shall be in accordance with this code.
2. The minimum livable floor area shall be 500 sq. ft.
•Building By-Law - Fage 13
3. Location of a building to be used as a summer e~,ttage:.
shall be subject to the approval of the authority having
jurisdiction.
If the use of a summer cottage should be changed to a year round
dwelling, such dwelling shall be made to conform with the pro-
visions of this code in every respect, including the minimum area
of ?~~ sq. ft.
Failure to comply with the requirements of this code shall be an
offence and subject to the penalties provided herein.
SECTION 6
BUILDING PERMITS
(a) General
A~fiul~ing permit shall be obtained. from the Building Inspec-
tor by the owner, or his authorized agent, for the excavation,
erection, alteration, reconstruction, removal or wrecking of,
or repairs to, any building or part of any building which it
is proposed to construct, and for any addition or alteration
to a building. Iv'o such work shall be commenced until the
Building Permit has been obtained and is prominently dis-
played on the site of the work.
(b) Application for a Building Permit
The applicant for a building permit shall file with the
Building Inspector a signed statement as to the use or purpose
for which such building is intended, together with duplicate
copies of the plans of same drawn to a scale of not less than
one-eighth of ar!~ inch to afoot, showing the actual dimen-
sions, including the dimensions of the lot to be built upon,
all structures existing upon the said lot with the heights
and dimensions of same, the heights and dimensions of the
proposed structures, and other such information as may be
necessary to provide for the enforcement of this code.
(c) No cellar or garage shall be used. for human habitation.
(d) A period of eighteen months from the date of the preliminary
building permit shall be the maximum time allowed for com-
pletion of exterior of building and landscaping. Landscaping
must conform in character with the neighbouring buildings and
lots. The grade levels must be established and grading
completed.
(e) Grantin of Buildin Permits
e appl cation, p an an specifications filed by an applicant
for a building permit shall be examined by the Building Inspector,
and if it appears to him that such plans and specifications are
in conformity with the requirements of this code and all other
laws or ordinances applicable thereto, the Building Inspector
shall issue the Building Permit upon receipt of the required
permit fee.
Neither the granting of a Building Permit, approval of plans
and specifications, nor inspections made by the Building
Inspector during the erection of a structure, shall in any way
relieve the owner, or his agents, from responsibility for the
carrying olzt of the work in strict accordance with this code,
The I~?ational Building Code, or for the stability of the struc-
ture.
T'he municipality is not in any way responsible to any person
for the inspection or lack of inspection of any building. The
fact that a Building Inspector, or other authorized person, has
not ob~eeted to any work being done by an owner or other person
shall in no way make the Corporation liable for any act or omission
on the part of the Building Inspector or other persona
(f) Buildin Permit Limitations
ny u ng erm s ue by the Building Inspector under the
~Buildfng By-Law _ Page 14
provisions of this node shall expire in Eighteen (18) months
from date of issue. Building Permits shall be subject to revocation
when construction has been unduly delayed, Such revocation
shall not be rescinded until the plans and incomplete construc-
tion are made to comply with all the requirements of this code
at the time of rescinding such revocation.
(g) Re uirements after Issuance of Building Permits
he Building Inspector shah require no ice to be given by the
owner, or his authorized agent, to the Building Inspector of the
intention to carry out any constructional operations in order
that inspection may be made at particular stages of construction.
(h) Alterations to Plans
No person sha 1 erase, alter or modify any drawings or specifi-
cations upon which a Building Permit has been granted by the
Building Inspector, unless the Building Inspector has agreed to
such changes..
If, during the progress of the work, it is desired to deviate
from the plans filed with the application for a building permit
in any manner, notice of such desired alterations shall first
be made in writing to the Building Inspee tor, and his written
approval shall be obtained before suoh alterations shall be
commenced.
(i) Changes of Occu ane
No change shall~ade in the use or occupancy of any building
or part thereof until a permit for the proposed occupancy has
been issued by the Building Inspector. Such occupancy permit
shall be issued by the Building Inspector, if it is found that
the building complies with the provisions of this code for the
proposed occupancy, or, in the case of an existing building, if
the conditions prescribed for Non-conforming Buildings are
fulfilled.
(~) The moving of a building shall be construed as a new building.
(k) Dangerous Buildings
~Thenever, in the opinion of the Building Inspector, any building
or part thereof, is, by reason of its dilapidated state, faulty
construction or otherwise in an unsafe condition as regards
danger from fire or risk of accident, the Building Inspector may
give to the Owner of such building, or his agent, notice in
writing specifying wherein suoh unsafe condition exists, and
upon receipt of such notice the said owner, or his agent, shall
forthwith put such building, or part thereof, in a safe condition
or demolish same.
SECTION 7
ENFORCEMENTS
(a) Enforcement of Provisions of Code
i~thout pre~tzdiee to the operation of any other law, it shall
be the duty of the Building Inspee tor, or his assistants,
appointed by the Municipal Council, to take the necessary
measures to institute proceedings against any person who con-
travenes any of the provisions of this code.
(b) Offences and Penalties
Everyone w o contravenes any of the provisions of this code or
any requirements or obligations imposed on him by virtue of this
code, or who interferes with or obstructs any person in the dis-
charge of his duties under this code, shall be guilty of an
offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not excee-
ding One Hundred(~100.00) Dollars and costs. In the event of
any person failing to carry out the requirements or obligations
imposed on him bar virtue of the provisions of this code, and if
such requirements or obligations are not complied with in accor-
dance with an order made by the Building Inspector, under the
provisions of this code, the Building Inspector may, where he
~Buildin~ By-Law - Page 15
deems it necessary and advisable, enter upon the premises in
respect of which an order has been made and carry out, at the
expense of the responsible person, the requirements or obli-
gation referred to in the said order, and the expense, if not
paid on demand, may be recovered with costs in a Court of
competent jurisdiction, under provisions of Ontario Summary
Convictions Act, or it may be recovered in the-same manner as a
debt due for Municipal taxes on the land where the expense
was incurred.
SECTION 8
PERMIT FEES
(a) Commercial, Industrial and Residentials-
New building, or re-erection of old building on new
site, other than accessory building - garage, if
included in original building shall be included in
house permit ........................................ 15.00
(b) Accessory building, garage, and all buildings
intended for agricultural purposes .................. ~ 5.00
(e) Alteration and (or) addition to existing building
and change in occupancy ............................. ~ 1.00
SECTION 9
APPLICATION
(1) New Buildings
No building, or any part of any building, shall hereafter be
constructed except in conformity with the provisions of this
code or National Building Code. The re-erection of any
existing building on a new site shall be deemed to be an
erection of a new building.
(2) Building Permits Issued ~°rior to Adoption of This Code
Any building in course of construction at the date enactment
of this code, may be completed according to the requirements at the
time of the issue of the permit for such uncompleted building,
except that where amendments can be incorporated without mayor
structural changes or dismantling any work already in place,
the provisions of this code shall be adhered to.
(3) Alterations, additions, repairs and changes of use or occupancy.
General Except as provided in the following item "Non Con-
forming Buildings" all alterations, additions, repairs made
hereafter, whether to existing buildings or to buildings
hereafter erected, shall conform to the requirements of this
code, or the National Building Code.
(4) Non Conforming Buildings
'I'h-e following provisions shall apply when alterations, additions,
repairs or changes of use or occupancy are made to exisiting
buildings which, for any reason whatsoever, do not conform to
the requirements of the code.
(a) Chan ed Use
f the existing use or occupancy of an existing building
is changed to a use or occupancy which would not be
permitted in a similar building hereafter erected, which
includes the use of a summer cottage for an all year round
dwelling, the entire building shall be made to conform with
the requirements given herein for new buildings, unless
the Council in special cases otherwise permits.
~- Bui`ldi ng Bar-Law - Pa e 16
(b) Increases in Hei~tht
e number of storeys in an existing building sh all not be
increased unless the building and all existing proposed
additions and alterations are made to comply with all the
requirements of this code and a permit obtained in the
manner provided by this code.
(c) Structural Alterations and Re airs
Where any alteration or repa r s made to the structural
portion of any building, such structural portion or such
part thereof as may be deemed necessary by the Building
Inspector, shall conform to the requirements of this code
for new buildings.
(d) Accessory Buildin s Exem ted
is code shall not app y to accessory buildings used solely
in the pursuit of farming or market gardening on a parcel
of land having an area of not less than five (5) acres.
(e) Rooms in Cellars
No habitable room shall be constructed in any cellar,
provided that this provision shall not be construed to pro-
hibit play, recreation, workshop or storage rooms in any
cellar.
(f) Structural re uirements
or the guidance of applicants for building permits, see the
Township of Clarke Building By-Law.
SECTION 10
PLUMBING
Plumbing shall comply with the:
Provincial Plumbing By-Laws
The Public Health Act,
or
The National Building Code
SECTION 11
OIL FIRING OF FURNACES
Fuel Oil Tanks inside Buildings
Every inside fuel oil tank shall be securely supported by
non-combustible supports.
No unenelosed inside fuel tank shall be located within ~ feet,
horizontally, of any fire or flame, with the exception of
small fuel gravity tanks which are an integral part of the
appliance and which do not exceed 8 imperial gallons.
No fuel oil tanks exceeding 50 imperial gallons capacity shall
be located above the lowest storey, cellar or basement.
Fuel oil tanks exceeding 250 gallons individual capacity, or
500 gallons aggregate capacity shall be separated from the
remainder of the building b~,T masonry construction.
All fuel oil piping and valves shall be of approved material
and shall be installed in accordance with approved good
engineering and commercial practice.
A readily accessible shut-off valve of approved type shall be
installed near each fuel oil tank and at other points where
required to avoid fuel oil spillage during servicing.
•c
.Building By-Law - Page 17
Fuel Oil Tank Vents
Every vent pipe shall terminate outside a building at a
point not less than 2 feet measured horizontally or verti-
cally from any window or other building opening and shall
terminate at least 4 feet above ground, unless approved
by the administrative official.
BY-LA"~' RTUMBER 1273 is hereby repealed and any other By-I.aw
which is contrary to the provisions of this By-Law shall
be repealed insofar as may be necessary to give full effect
to this By-Law.
Read a FIRST time this 3rd day of May 1960.
~~
Head of Municipa ty.
.... .......
Clerk.
Read a SECO?~TD time this 20th day of June 1960.
~r N
.. . . ..... .
Head of Municipa ty.
Clerk.
Read a THIRD time and Passed this ..s. day of ~. 1960.
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