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THE CORPORATION OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF CLARINGTON
REPORT
Meeting:
Date:
Report #:
General Purpose and Administration Committee
Monday,i\pril 3, 2000
PD-032-00 File #: PLN 28.5
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File # :]X> ;;:L ~JJ) J f(, ~
Res. # GfJlf-!Jf!c:J 0
By-law # 7
S ubj ect:
GREATER TORONTO AREA - AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC IMPACT
STUDY - FlLE: PLN 28.5
Recommendations:
It is respectfully recommended that the General Purpose and Administration Committee
recommend to Council the following:
1. THAT Report PD-032-00 be received; and
2. THAT a copy of Report PD-032-00 be forwarded to the Durham Region Federation of
Agriculture and to the Greater Toronto Area Federations of Agriculture Project
Management Committee.
1. PURPOSE
1.1 The "Greater Toronto Area Agricultura1 Economic Impact Study" was commissioned by
the Greater Toronto Area Federations of Agriculture. The purpose of the study was to
"identify the benefits that agriculture provides to the urban populations of the Greater
Toronto Area (GTA) and the circumstances required to ensure that agriculture has the
opportunity to continue to exist in the GTA".
The two main objectives of the Study are to measure the economic benefit of agriculture
in the GTA and to share these findings with government agencies enabling these agencies
to make more informed decisions on issues that may impact agriculture.
,
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1.2 The Federation of Agriculture will be making a presentation to Committee on April 3,
2000. The purpose of this report is to highlight some of the main findings of the GTA
Agricultural Economic Impact Study emphasizing agricultural activities in Clarington. A
copy of the complete report has been provided to the Committee by the Clerk.
1.3 On February 4, 2000, the GTSB adopted the eight recommendations of the Greater
Toronto Area Agricultural Economic Impact Study and will include consideration of the
agricultural industry as an important component of GTSB strategies. The eight
recommendations can be referred to in Attachment #1 to this report. The
recommendations are not specifically addressed in this report but will be reviewed during
the presentation.
2. FINDINGS
The report provides a profile of the agriculture industry within the GTA. Information
such as number of farms, types of farms and amount of acres of cropland are provided.
In addition, the report also provides economic information such as farm revenue and farm
receipts. The economic impacts of agriculture are discussed and the advantages in
retaining an agricultural tax base are identified. The social, cultural and environmental
impacts of agriculture are also discussed in this study. Some of the main findings are
reviewed below.
2.1 Agriculture in the GTA Context
In 1996 there were 529 farms in Clarington representing 11.5% of the farms within the
GTA. Clarington's share of the percentage of acres farmed within the GTA is also
significant. The number of acres farmed in Clarington (85,985 acres) is second only to
Caledon (89,569 acres) within the GTA. These numbers signify the importance of
Clarington's agricultural industry within the GT A.
...._ of F_ Land In GTA
,.tc...... of Fum, .k..... t'" GTA
Remaining
MunlclpaIItIes
55.7%
Other
Durham
33.0%
....-
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OIllerDurhom
31.8
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REPORT PD-032-00
PAGE 3
2.2 Agriculture in the Durham Context
Clarington has the largest amount of farmland in Durham Region. Pickering, Ajax,
Whitby and Oshawa combined comprise only 15% of the farm acreage in 1996,
compared to 26% in Clarington alone. Clarington's 529 farms are the largest of any
municipality in Durham; the City of Oshawa has only 70 farms and the Town of Whitby
only 88 farms. As would be expected Ajax is the lowest with only 28 farms.. Scugog
has 445 farms, the second highest in Durham.
Farmland Acres In Durham Region
Whitby
4%
Oshawa
2.3 Dominant Farm Types in Clarington
Farming is quite diverse in Clarington ranging from livestock to field crops to specialty
items such as strawberries and mushrooms.
50%
45%
40%
!l, 35%
f 30%
.. 25%
l:! 20%
~ 15%
10%
5%
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Clarlngton Farm Type
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Within Clarington, there are 154 beef cattle farms (32.7%) and 107 miscellaneous
specialty farms! (22.7%), Together, they comprise 55% of the farms in Clarington.
However, Clarington dominants the fruit farm industry within Durham as over 52% of
Durham's fruit farms are located within Clarington. Apples and strawberries are the
overwhelming dominant fruit farms in Clarington, Clarington has 63% of the apple
orchards in Durham and 40.4% of the strawberry fields in Durham.
2.4 The Agriculture Economy in Clarington
Agriculture represents a significant economic component in Clarington. The 1996 census
statistics reveal that Clarington's farms accounted for greater than 25% of the gross
receipts for farms within Durham in 1996. Of greater significance is the fact that the
gross receipts of Clarington's agricultural industry totalled $52,8 million, second highest
within the GTA, behind only Halton Hills ($65.3 million),
Fully one-quarter of Clarington farms bring in gross receipts exceeding $100,000
annually. Also ofinterest is the fact that over 55% of Clarington farms have annual gross
receipts of less than $24,999. This factor leads would indicate that in Clarington, a
significant component of the farm industry provides a secondary source of income for the
income earner,
AImost 1000 people are directly employed in the agricultural industry in Clarington,
Clarington agricultural workforce comprises almost 25% of Durham Region's
agricultural workforce, In addition to the above, the agriculture sector creates a number
of indirect jobs, primarily in retail and wholesale trade and agriculturally-related
businesses.
1 Miscellaneous Specialy Farm is a farm that derives 51% or more of its income from one of the following
categories: sheep and lamb, goat, horse and pony, fur, other animal specialty (eg. deer), mushroom, greenhouse
products, nursery products and other horticultural specialty.
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Agricultural Jobs in Durham (1996)
50%
45%
40%
. 35%
III
.II 30%
Iii 25%
l:! 20%
:. 15%
10%
5%
0%
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2.5 Changes in Farming
2.5.1 Since 1976, there has been a loss of 657 farms within Durham Region. Clarington lost
167 farms, a decline from 696 in 1976 to 529 in 1996. This reduction (24%) is
significant within Clarington and represents a significant portion (25%) of the number of
farms lost in Durham Region. However, the decline in the number of farms, in part
reflects increasing farm sizes and does not necessarily correspond with the loss of farm
land.
Rate of Change in Farm Numbers (1976-1996)
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50"
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:- 40%-
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10%
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Brock C1lrlnglon 01111_ Pick.ing Scugog lJJl:bridQI Wlllby
Munlclpellty
2.5.2 Since 1976, the average size of farms have been increasing, In Clarington, the average
size ofa farm rose an average of22% from 134 acres in 1976 to 163 acres in 1996. This
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is comparable to the increase across the entire GTA where the average farm size was 164
acres in 1996, The increase in farm size is a common trend found occurring throughout
Southern Ontario, The average farm size in Ontario is now 206 acres,
2,5,3 In 1976, Clarington had 93,335 acres of farmland. In 1996, the amount of farmland fell
by 7,381 acres to 85,985 acres. This is a decline of8%, During this same time, there was
a decline of 13% in the amount of farmland within Durham Region. Of the lake front
municipalities within Durham Region, Clarington experienced the least amount of change
in the loss of farm acres.
CHANGE IN FARMLAND ACRES IN DURHAM REGION (1976-1996)
% Rate of Change
(1976-1996)
-40
-06
-08
-14
-29
-12
-05
-41
Ajax
Brock
Clarington
Oshawa
Pickering
Scugog
Uxbridge
Whitby
1976
11,590
76,824
93,335
15,459
25,578
78,236
59,829
24,364
1981
7,734
72,719
88,844
15,594
25,241
84,046
57,681
21,752
1986
8,446
73,673
87,728
15,718
21,874
76,575
55,622
18,532
1991
5,332
67,218
90,256
11,393
18,131
71,997
54,161
18,734
1996
6,897
72,505
85,985
13,290
18,116
68,879
56,789
14,396
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996
2.5.4 Farm ownership is much higher in Durham Then the rest of the GTA. In Durham 63%
was owned, compared to 44% in York, 48% in Peel and 45% in Halton. This would
indicate a stronger agricultural base less dependent on lands owned by speculators,
government, retired farms or non-farmers, ,It is comparable to the provincial average of
70% owned,
2.5.4 Agriculture jobs in the GTA and Durham Region are declining. Between 1991 and 1996
the GTA experienced a loss of 15% and Durham Region experienced a loss of 7%.
Clarington and Scugog, to the contrary, experienced an increase in the number of
agricultural jobs,
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AGRICULTURAL JOBS BY MUNICIPALITY
RATE OF CHANGE 1991 AND 1996
MUNICIPALITY 1991 1996 % Rate of Change
Ajax 240 200 -20
Brock 525 430 -22
Clarington 975 995 2
Oshawa 500 430 -16
Pickering 325 275 -18
Scugog 800 850 6
Uxbridge 635 520 -22
Whitby 410 405 -1
3. MUNICIPAL OFFICIAL PLAN POLICIES
3.1 The Clarington Official Plan recognizes that the agricultural industry is a very important
part of the Municipality's economic base. It is the goal of the Official Plan to encourage
and support the agricultural industry, The objectives of the Official Plan include
preserving high quality agricultural lands for farming purposes, to promote stewardship
of agricultural lands for future generations and to direct non-farm uses to settlement
areas,
3.2 Clarington's Official Plari has stringent policies with respect to the protection of
agricultural land, Only development directly related to an agricultural activity shall be
permitted without amendment to the Official Plan. The creation of new lots within the
agricultural area is discouraged with the exception of severances for retiring farmers and
new 40ha (100ac) farm parcels. The purpose of restricting lot creation and other forms of
development in the agricultural areas is to preserve the existing agricultural areas and to
ensure that further deterioration of the agricultural land base does not occur.
3.3 Clarington's Official Plan policies recognize the farming may not be the sole occupation
of farmers, and thus provides for home occupation uses and home industry uses. It also
permits farm-related industrial/commercial us~s to service the farming community.
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4. SUMMARY
4.1 Farming in Clarington represents a significant component of the agricultural industry in
Durham Region and within the GTA, This is reflected not only in the total number of
farms and the number of acres farmed, but also in the gross receipts produced by farms in
Clarington. These numbers are indicative of the fact that the agricultural industry in
Clarington is thriving. Clarington's proximity to a market of 120 million people and the
high quality soils which are found in Clarington are reasons often given for the
outstanding performance of Clarington farms.
4.2 Over the years, farming in Southern Ontario has been eroded by urban sprawl and
policies that did not support the complete protection of agricultural land, In recent years,
the protection of agricultural land has been an important issue and has been given the
consideration it is due,
4.3 Clarington shares a strong community of interest with Scugog, Uxbridge and Brock in
providing the municipal environment to support farmers and the broader agricultural
community.
Respectfully submitted,
Reviewed by,
cJ~~
. Crome, M,C.I,P" RP,P.
Director of Planning Development
Franklin Wu, M.C,I.P" R.P.P.
Chief Administrative Officer
HB*BN*DJC*cd
March 23, 2000
Attachment #1 - GT A Federation of Agriculture Recommendations
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__~TIACHMENT _NO 1
GREATER TORONTO AREA AGRICUL TUAAl ECQNOMIC IMPACT STUDY
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Land use policies governing the use of agricultural land should be
consistent across the GTA and should reflect the need to protect large
contiguous areas from conflicting land uses and to prevent the further
fragmentation of the agricultural land base.
2. Long range planning for the extension of roads and services must be
done with the understanding that where there are services, there is
pressure for development, Planning for urban services should be done
comprehensively to avoid pressure on prime agricultural areas,
3. This study introduced the concept that the agricultural industry is a
critical mass or cluster that sustains itself. If components of the cluster
disappear, the cluster as a whole will be weakened. Additional research
to identify the critical mass and essential elements required by various
sectors of the industry would be useful to support planning for the
industry,
4. An input-output analysis was conducted as part of this project, the
results are contained in this report. However, there are limitations with
this approach that are caused by the lack of specific data on a regional
basis. Given the importance of the GTA economy, it would be
appropriate to develop and maintain input-output tales for the GTA
economy.
5. The issue of the taxes paid versus the services used is one which has not
been specifically studied in the GTA. Comprehensive studies focusing
on this issue would add helpful insight to the long tenn cost versus
return of different types of development.
6. Agriculture is a rapidly evolving industry being updated by
technological advance. All parties involved in the future of agriculture,
from the farm operators to the politicians, should be kept abreast of the
essential requirements of the industry to keep pace with these changes,
7, Agriculture in the GTA is a diverse, sophisticated industry that provides
a wide variety of products, Marketing of this industry is key to its
success, Given its nature, there are sectors, which are not marketed
effectively, Fanners identified a need for assistance with marketing and
responding to international trends. Programs to address these should
be expanded and developed,
8. Although there are excellent educational programs for farmers, there is
a need for hands on, co-operative programs to train and update fann
employees. Efforts should be made to respond to this need, potentially
through expanded skills, training, and apprenticeship programs
designed to enhance innovation and entrepreneurship.
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