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Operations Department
Report
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Report To: General Government Committee
Date of Meeting: January 2, 2018
Report Number: OPD -001-2018 Resolution: GG -017-18
File Number: By-law Number:
Report Subject: Plowing of Secondary Roads
Recommendations:
That Report OPD -001-2018 be received; and
2. That Council direct staff to continue investigating options for road snow plowing
operations that may include the future use of private contractors to improve service
levels, create efficiencies and reduce overall operating costs.
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18
Report Overview
Page 2
This report provides Council with background information on Clarington's current level of
service for winter control road snow plowing operations. Discussion addresses the request
by Council to investigate the use of private contractors to supplement staff resources for the
plowing of secondary roads.
1. Background
1.1 The Municipality of Clarington experienced five back to back winter events between
February 5, 2017 and February 14, 2017. Over this 10 -day stretch weather patterns
included heavy accretions of freezing rain, periods of mixed precipitation and also a
single event accumulation of up to 20 centimeters of snow. In addition to the provision of
winter control services, Operations Staff were also required to support three cemetery
casket internments.
1.2 As a result of the unusual and extended winter weather pattern, staff resources in the
Operations Department became severely depleted resulting in mandatory employee rest
periods and a number of secondary roads not being plowed within the 24-hour time limit
as prescribed under the Provincial Minimum Maintenance Standards (MMS).
1.3 In response to this occurrence, Council passed resolution GG -172-2017, at its regularly
scheduled meeting held on March 27, 2017. The resolution specifically directed staff to:
1. Investigate the cost of using private contractors to plow secondary roads to
supplement staff resources where roads would otherwise remain unplowed for
24 hours; and
2. To consider any resulting savings in overtime.
2. Proposal
2.1 The Operations Department carries the responsibility of providing a safe, efficient and
cost-effective road snow plowing service for the municipality. In order to discern how all
available resources are utilized during the winter season it is important to understand the
effects of the following matters:
Legislative Framework
Risk Management
Existing Levels of Service
Impacts of Growth
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18
Legislative Framework
Page 3
2.2 Ontario Regulation 239/02 prescribes the Minimum Maintenance Standards for Municipal
Highways (MMS). Specific to the standards are the established levels of roadway
maintenance that are based on the classification of each public highway. Road
classifications are determined through the combination of average annual daily traffic
volumes (AADT) and the posted or statutory speed limit on each individual road segment.
2.3 As an example of this relationship, King Street East between Regional Road 57 and
Liberty Street through downtown Bowmanville has a current AADT of more than 16,000
vehicles per day and a posted speed limit of 50 km/h. Accordingly, King Street East
would have a Class 2 road designation. Most secondary roads would be a Class 5 or 6
street.
2.4 The minimum Maintenance Standards dictate a number of different inspection and
maintenance requirements. In accordance with the class of road, these requirements
include the frequency for which routine road patrols must be completed, the severity of
defects that are allowed and also the time that is permitted to repair any problems that
are found. The Minimum Maintenance Standards also establish the levels of service
required for road snow plowing operations that are displayed on Table 2 below.
Table 2
MINIMUM MAINTENANCE STANDARDS FOR MUNICIPAL HIGHWAYS
(WINTER CONTROL)
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
Icy Roadways
Time: 3 hrs
Time: 4 hrs
Time: 8 hrs
Time: 12 hrs
Time: 16 hrs
Depth: 2.5 cm
Depth: 5 cm
Depth: 8 cm
Depth: 8 cm
Depth: 10 cm
Snow
Accumulation
Time: 4 hrs
Time: 6 hrs
Time: 12 hrs
Time: 16 hrs
Time: 24 hrs
2.5 The winter control standards in Table 2 provide motorists with a general expectation that
snow clearing levels will be consistent on similar classes of roadways. These standards
also allow municipalities a much stronger defence in the event that a claim occurs from a
roadway accident. This defence, however, will only apply if the municipality has adhered
to the standards.
2.6 Clarington's Operations Department is currently responsible for providing winter
maintenance on approximately 909 single lane kilometers of roadway. Individual road
classifications for this length of roadway are broken down within the municipality as
follows;
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18
Road Class 2
— 2.15 kilometers
Road Class 3
— 92.78 kilometers
Road Class 4
— 307.78 kilometers
Road Class 5
— 366.14 kilometers
Road Class 6
— 139.90 kilometers
Page 4
The road hierarchy that is created forms the basis for Clarington's response protocol
regarding which roads receive winter maintenance first.
2.7 Once it has been determined by weather monitoring that a substantial probability exists
for snow accumulation on roadways, ice formation on roadways, or that icy roadways
may exist municipalities must commence road patrols on a route that is representative of
all of municipal highways under their jurisdiction. As soon as the snow or ice conditions
on the roadway meet the limits as outlined within the MMS municipalities must
immediately deploy resources to address the conditions. After a weather system has
ended a municipality must further address each roadway such that the surface conditions
are less than the limits allowed and within the amount of time that is permitted in the
MMS. If at any time during a storm event the conditions are less than or equal to the
limits in the MMS the roadway is considered to be in a state of repair. For those
occasions when storm conditions extend over a lengthy period of time the deployment of
service shall be repeated each time the MMS limits are met.
2.8 At no time should the delivery of service by a municipality ever fall below the
requirements of the Minimum Maintenance Standards. Municipalities must, therefore,
consistently ensure that appropriate levels of staff and equipment are available to
properly respond to each winter storm event. This delicate balance between managing
operating costs and providing required levels of service can be a very difficult challenge
particularly during those times of back to back winter events when staff are typically
engaged with working 40 hours of regular time and additional overtime.
Highway Traffic Act
2.9 Ontario's Highway Traffic Act prescribes the regulations and/or limitations under which
the operator or driver of a commercial vehicle can legally work. On January 1, 2007,
these regulations were significantly changed resulting in a number of major impacts
relating to the length of time that Municipal staff can be actively engaged in the provision
of winter control services.
2.10 Of the more significant changes, the legislation specifically set out the following
limitations for commercial motor vehicle drivers:
x A maximum of 70 hours of driving during a 7 day cycle;
x A maximum daily driving time of 13 hours; 14 hours of on -duty time; and 16 hours
of elapsed shift time;
x A minimum of 10 hours of off-duty time following each shift;
x 36 hours of continuous off-duty time to reset a 7 day work schedule;
x 24 consecutive hours of off-duty time during any 14 day period.
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18 Page 5
2.11 This legislation has a major impact on the ability of the Operations Department to
properly respond to road snow plowing requirements during extended periods of
inclement weather. In addition, the requirement to formally track the available hours that
each employee can legally work beyond their normally scheduled shifts can be a very
difficult process to manage. Regardless of the type of work that is completed by
Operations staff all hours are recorded as driving time.
Risk Manaaement
2.12 On a more frequent basis municipalities are becoming challenged to prove that required
levels of winter control service have been provided. As a result, substantial effort is given
to the documentation of internal protocols for legal defence purposes. These records
include the capture of road patrol records, inspection and maintenance logs for roads,
sidewalks and parking lots, weather reports, vehicle inspection and out -of -service lists,
lead hand and supervisor response journals, employee call-in and work assignment
records, vehicle global positioning system (GPS), individual storm event reports, etc. As
a means to provide a more pro -active, efficient and cost-effective approach to winter
control services, Clarington's Operations Department has implemented the following staff
response programs:
2.13 Road Patrol
Based on the requirements of the Minimum Maintenance Standards, the Operations
Department has assigned a total of four staff to monitor weather reports and continuously
evaluate roadway surface conditions along a prescribed route through the municipality.
These staff are scheduled to work shifts that occur during all non -regular working hours,
seven days a week, between the months of October to April. Road patrol staff are
required to complete detailed records that document road surface conditions during each
of their individual patrols. As necessary, patrol staff coordinate minor responses to
weather conditions or as necessary refer larger events to lead hands who coordinate
responses using additional staff. Patrol staff also initiate the commencement of work by
contractors that provide winter maintenance service on sidewalks abutting municipal
properties, corporate parking lots and the senior's snow removal program.
2.14 Night Operators
Two Operations Department staff are assigned night shifts during the months of
December to April. These staff have the primary responsibility of ensuring that road
surface conditions remain suitable on the higher classes of road in the municipality.
Amongst other duties, the night operators also respond to unsatisfactory road surface
conditions in locations that are referred to them by the road patrollers. Since the night
operators work shifts they are readily available to individually respond to minor winter
situations thereby avoiding the need to bring in additional staff on overtime.
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18
2.15 On -Call Lead Hands
Page 6
Six Roads and Parks Lead Hand employees are scheduled into an after-hours rotation
during the winter months. The primary function of these employees is to maintain the
accuracy of the employee call-in board and to coordinate a response to major winter
events. As necessary, the lead hands also provide leadership and direction to the road
patrollers and night operators regarding winter control related matters.
2.16 On -Call Supervisors
Four Roads and Parks Supervisors are scheduled into an after-hours rotation during the
winter months. The Supervisors are responsible for updating the hours of work data,
ensuring the accuracy of all winter documentation, checking weather reports, compiling
winter storm updates and for communicating maintenance requirements to the lead
hands, road patrollers and night operators.
2.17 On -Call Staff
The remaining 32 Roads and Parks staff are placed on an after-hours winter call-in list.
These staff which consist of Heavy Equipment Operators, Light Equipment Operators and
Labourers are called -in based on the type of response required and also according to
their position in rotation. It should be noted that mandatory responses to winter events
are currently not required by these employees. Under winter storm response
requirements, however, the rates of response are satisfactory to meet the minimum
requirements of the MMS.
In addition, four Fleet mechanics are also placed on an after-hours call-in rotation.
Existing Level of Service
2.18 The Operations Department is currently responsible for providing snow plowing service
on approximately 909 kilometers of arterial, collector and secondary roadways. This
network of roads is broken down into 29 distinct plowing routes that operate out of the
three Operations depots being Hampton, Orono and 42. Route lengths presently range
up to a maximum of 56.2 kilometers depending on the road class, road design and the
type and size of equipment that is being used. At present, a total of 36 pieces of
equipment is assigned for a full call -out event consisting of 2 graders, 13 tandem -axle
combination dump trucks, 11 single -axle combination dump trucks, 4 one -tonne utility
trucks equipped with salters and plows and 3 loaders.
2.19 Impacts of Growth
Residential growth in the municipality continues to progress at a very rapid rate.
Estimates confirm that on average a minimum of 12 kilometers of new roadway has been
added in each of the past five years. It is anticipated that development will continue to
advance at a similar pace in the municipality with at least a dozen subdivision
agreements currently being considered for construction over the next two to three years.
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18
Page 7
Although these subdivisions will be of varying sizes the additional length of new road is
expected to continue averaging approximately 12 kilometers a year for an additional 60
kilometers by the year 2022.
2.20 Based on the configuration of our existing snow plow routes a new piece of equipment
and operator should be added to the fleet as every 25 kilometers of additional roadway is
built. Although snow plow route lengths can vary significantly the type and style of
development now being constructed with reduced right-of-way's, increased densities and
the presence of more on -street parking the efficiency of snow plowing is impacted by
slower driving speeds and more reversing movements. For newer urban areas a route
length of 25 kilometers is considered standard and remains consistent with the average
for newer urban snow plow routes in other Durham Region municipalities.
2.21 The Development Charges that are received from the construction of the new
subdivisions provide Clarington with the necessary funding to purchase additional
equipment that is necessary to keep pace with the rate of new roads being built. In
accordance with the Development Charges Background Study for 2015-2020, the
Municipality took possession of an additional combination snow plow truck in 2016 and
another two additional trucks are included in the 2018 draft budget.
2.22 It is imperative that as the new heavy vehicles arrive, qualified staff shall also be
employed to operate them. With 24 kilometers of additional road being added to the
inventory between 2016 and 2017, a new qualified operator is presently required while a
second operator will be necessary prior to 2019. The Operations Department last hired
an additional qualified snow plow operator in 2013.
3. Service Delivery Review
3.1 The February 14, 2017 occurrence of secondary roads not being plowed within the 24-
hour time limit remains of great concern to the Operations Department. As outlined in
this report not only is there a maintenance obligation under the MMS but there's also a
service level expectation by Clarington's residents that needs to be upheld.
3.2 Under typical winter weather conditions all roadways within the municipality, including all
secondary roads, are normally plowed well before the time limits expire. On the very rare
occasion, however, weather extremes may limit the ability of the municipality to properly
respond with the resources that are available.
3.3 As a means to estimate the cost of contracting out snow plowing work, the area
municipalities in Durham Region were contacted to obtain details on their specific
programs. A broader scope of municipalities that extended beyond Durham Region was
not included in this initial review as their levels of service, administration and market
conditions for contracted services would be somewhat different and therefore cannot be
equitably compared. The Region of Durham was also not included in this review as their
level of responsibility is focused on higher class roadways that require faster response
times and more frequent service.
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18 Page 8
3.4 Of the lower tier municipalities, the Town of Ajax, Town of Whitby, City of Oshawa and
the Township of Scugog presently utilize contracted snow plowing service. These
municipalities contract out between 1 and 25 of their existing snow plow routes that
average approximately 26 kilometers in length for the urban areas. The contracts also
require different levels of services. For example, the Town of Ajax only uses the
contractor to salt and plow during major snow events whereas the Town of Whitby
requires the contractor to respond to every snow event.
3.5 Based on the 2016 budget information provided by these municipalities, it has been
determined that the average annual cost per contracted route is approximately $44,500
which consists of equipment standby and on-call snow plowing rates. The fees incurred
for standby are a minimum contract requirement to ensure that adequate equipment and
operators are available when needed by the Municipality. The comparative cost for a full-
time Clarington municipal employee to similarly respond during each winter season would
be approximately $34,000. This cost includes employee base salary, benefits, average
overtime and all fleet related expenses.
3.6 The outsourcing of contracted snow plowing service may also result in a higher rate of
customer complaints. The survey group of municipalities suggested that new contractors
will be unfamiliar with Municipal policies and procedures, may employ staff with limited
experience and on occasion may also not meet the MMS requirements.
3.7 In an effort to reduce overall operating costs, consideration is currently being given to
contracting out cemetery operations during the winter season. It is estimated that this
change will supplement the availability of staff resources and reduce overtime
requirements by an average of 179 hours. Other changes in the delivery of service may
also include the future assignment of winter night shifts to new full-time employees
thereby further reducing the requirement for on-call staff to be brought in on overtime.
4. Concurrence
4.1 This report was reviewed by the Director of Finance/Treasurer.
5. Conclusion
5.1 The day-to-day management of the winter road plowing functions as described within this
report is provided at a very high level. Each part of the system is integral to the provision
of a responsible and effective service that meets our legal obligations and also the needs
and requirements of Clarington's customers.
5.2 After reviewing the available options, staff are of the opinion that the employment of two
additional full-time light equipment operators in 2018 to keep pace with growth rates is
the preferred method by which to ensure a more proactive and timely approach to
providing snow plowing service on secondary roads in the municipality. While the annual
cost for each full-time employee would be approximately $74,000 (base salary plus
benefits) in accordance with Clarington's 2017 wage rates, it is important not to overlook
Municipality of Clarington
OPD -001-18
Page 9
the additional tasks and services that these staff will also provide during the remainder of
the year.
5.3 The 2 full-time Light Equipment Operators that have been recommended in this report are
presently included as new staff requests in the 2018 draft budget.
6. Strategic Plan Application
6.1 Recommendations in this report support Strategic Plan initiatives for the promotion of
good governance and value for the tax dollar and also resident engagement in our
community.
Submitted by:
Frederick J. Horvath
Director of Operations
Reviewed by:
Andrew C. Allison, B. Comm, LL.B
CAO
Staff Contact: Stephen Brake, Manager of Operations, 905-263-2291 or
sbrake@clarington.net